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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal:	PEDRO J. HERNÁNDEZ
Formato:	Artículo científico
Lenguaje:	en
Publicado:	Universidad de Zaragoza 2016
Materias:	Economía y Finanzas exports product quality Wage differentials international trade
Acceso en línea:	https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=96949058003
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

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IS THERE A QUALITY-UPGRADING WAGE PREMIUM? PEDRO J. HERNÁNDEZ Economía y Finanzas exports product quality Wage differentials international trade This paper analyses the existence of a quality-upgrading wage premium at the firm level and its connection with the exporting wage premium. Producing a higher quality product increases the likelihood of exporting and can activate a learning-by-exporting mechanism. In turn, higher quality products require employing more-skilled labour, thereby leading to higher wages. Using a methodology similar to that proposed by Schank et al. (2010), I test whether firms that increase their product quality pay higher wages (the learning- by-quality-upgrading hypothesis) or, conversely, if firms with higher productivity, as proxied by their higher wages, are more likely to increase the quality of their output (self-selection hypothesis). 2016 artículo científico 1133-455X https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=96949058003 en http://www.redalyc.org/revista.oa?id=969 Revista de Economía Aplicada application/pdf Universidad de Zaragoza Revista de Economía Aplicada (España) Num.71 Vol.XXIV

if (filemtime($filename) + $maxlifetime < time()) { unlink($filename); $count++; } } return $count; } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool { $sessFile = $this->path . '/sess_' . $sessId; if ($handle = fopen($sessFile, 'w')) { $return = false; // Lock the file for exclusive access to avoid issues with multiple // processes writing session simultaneously: if (flock($handle, LOCK_EX)) { $return = fwrite($handle, $data); // Make sure that there's no trailing data by truncating the file to // the correct length: ftruncate($handle, strlen($data)); fflush($handle); flock($handle, LOCK_UN); } fclose($handle); if ($return !== false) { return true; } } // If we got this far, something went wrong with the file output... // It is tempting to throw an exception here, but this code is called // outside of the context of exception handling, so all we can do is // echo a message.

// Anecdotal testing Today and Yesterday seems to indicate destroy() // is called by the garbage collector and everything is good. // Something to keep in mind though. return 0; } /** * Write function that is called when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ public function write($sessId, $data): bool { if ($this->writesDisabled) { return true; } return $this->saveSession($sessId, $data); } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ abstract protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool; }

* * @return void */ public function writeClose() { // The assumption is that we're using PHP's ext/session. // session_write_close() will actually overwrite $_SESSION with an // empty array on completion -- which leads to a mismatch between what // is in the storage object and $_SESSION. To get around this, we // temporarily reset $_SESSION to an array, and then re-link it to // the storage object. // // Additionally, while you _can_ write to $_SESSION following a // session_write_close() operation, no changes made to it will be // flushed to the session handler. As such, we now mark the storage // object isImmutable. $storage = $this->getStorage(); if (! $storage->isImmutable()) { $_SESSION = $storage->toArray(true); session_write_close(); $storage->fromArray($_SESSION); $storage->markImmutable(); } } /** * Attempt to set the session name * * If the session has already been started, or if the name provided fails * validation, an exception will be raised. * * @param string $name * @return SessionManager * @throws Exception\InvalidArgumentException */ public function setName($name) { if ($this->sessionExists()) { throw new Exception\InvalidArgumentException( 'Cannot set session name after a session has already started'

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