Propagation and Interactions of Cos Gaussian Beams in Biased Photovoltaic Lithium Niobate Crystals: An Ab Initio Study
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Wiley
2026
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| author | Aavishkar Katti Rakesh Kumar Nitesh K. Chourasia Ritesh Kumar Chourasia |
| author_facet | Aavishkar Katti Rakesh Kumar Nitesh K. Chourasia Ritesh Kumar Chourasia Aavishkar Katti Rakesh Kumar Nitesh K. Chourasia Ritesh Kumar Chourasia |
| collection | Wiley Open Access |
| contents | Propagation and Interactions of Cos Gaussian Beams in Biased Photovoltaic Lithium Niobate Crystals: An Ab Initio Study Aavishkar Katti Rakesh Kumar Nitesh K. Chourasia Ritesh Kumar Chourasia Advanced Theory and Simulations ABSTRACT The article presents a comprehensive theoretical examination that combines a detailed analysis of nonlinear beam propagation in biased photovoltaic LNO crystals with first‐principles predictions of electronic and optical properties. The full‐potential linearized augmented plane wave approach inside the generalized gradient approximation, utilizing WIEN2k is used to study the electronic and optical characteristics. Direction‐dependent refractive indices and absorption properties show a strong optical anisotropy and a direct band gap of 3.9 eV. Additionally, we study the propagation and interactions of cos Gaussian beams in biased photovoltaic LNO crystals for the first time. The dynamical evolution equation is solved theoretically by the use of the finite difference method. The direction of the external electric field profoundly affects the propagation and interactions of the cos Gaussian beams, and in the case of LNO, it either supports or opposes the self‐defocusing caused by the photovoltaic effect. We then study the steady state propagation considering various cosine modulation parameters and different external electric fields. When effective self‐focusing rises as a result of an external electric field, self‐trapping and the development of optical spatial solitons, such as breathing solitons and Y‐type breathing solitons, are seen. Soliton characteristics rely on the cos aussian beam's modulation parameter. Lastly, the interaction between two in‐phase and out‐of‐phase cos gaussian beams in a photovoltaic crystal is investigated, considering different separation lengths and cosine modulation constants. 10.1002/adts.70413 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/adts.70413 |
| format | Artículo Open Access |
| id | wiley_oa_10_1002_adts_70413 |
| institution | Wiley Open Access |
| license_str_mv | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | wiley_oa |
| spellingShingle | Propagation and Interactions of Cos Gaussian Beams in Biased Photovoltaic Lithium Niobate Crystals: An Ab Initio Study Aavishkar Katti Rakesh Kumar Nitesh K. Chourasia Ritesh Kumar Chourasia Advanced Theory and Simulations Propagation and Interactions of Cos Gaussian Beams in Biased Photovoltaic Lithium Niobate Crystals: An Ab Initio Study Aavishkar Katti Rakesh Kumar Nitesh K. Chourasia Ritesh Kumar Chourasia Advanced Theory and Simulations ABSTRACT The article presents a comprehensive theoretical examination that combines a detailed analysis of nonlinear beam propagation in biased photovoltaic LNO crystals with first‐principles predictions of electronic and optical properties. The full‐potential linearized augmented plane wave approach inside the generalized gradient approximation, utilizing WIEN2k is used to study the electronic and optical characteristics. Direction‐dependent refractive indices and absorption properties show a strong optical anisotropy and a direct band gap of 3.9 eV. Additionally, we study the propagation and interactions of cos Gaussian beams in biased photovoltaic LNO crystals for the first time. The dynamical evolution equation is solved theoretically by the use of the finite difference method. The direction of the external electric field profoundly affects the propagation and interactions of the cos Gaussian beams, and in the case of LNO, it either supports or opposes the self‐defocusing caused by the photovoltaic effect. We then study the steady state propagation considering various cosine modulation parameters and different external electric fields. When effective self‐focusing rises as a result of an external electric field, self‐trapping and the development of optical spatial solitons, such as breathing solitons and Y‐type breathing solitons, are seen. Soliton characteristics rely on the cos aussian beam's modulation parameter. Lastly, the interaction between two in‐phase and out‐of‐phase cos gaussian beams in a photovoltaic crystal is investigated, considering different separation lengths and cosine modulation constants. 10.1002/adts.70413 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
| title | Propagation and Interactions of Cos Gaussian Beams in Biased Photovoltaic Lithium Niobate Crystals: An Ab Initio Study |
| topic | Advanced Theory and Simulations |
| url | https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adts.70413 |