Pathological Affective Dependence as a Risk Factor for Intimate Partner Violence: Initial Psychometric Validation of the Italian Version of the Pathological Affective Dependence Scale

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Main Authors: Erica Pugliese, Allison Uvelli, Arnold van Emmerik, Fabio Ferretti, Angelo Maria Saliani, Maria Grazia Foschino‐Barbaro, Teresa Vigilante, Erika Celitti, Chiara Quintavalle, Francesco Mancini, Arnoud Arntz
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Published: Wiley 2025
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author Erica Pugliese
Allison Uvelli
Arnold van Emmerik
Fabio Ferretti
Angelo Maria Saliani
Maria Grazia Foschino‐Barbaro
Teresa Vigilante
Erika Celitti
Chiara Quintavalle
Francesco Mancini
Arnoud Arntz
author_facet Erica Pugliese
Allison Uvelli
Arnold van Emmerik
Fabio Ferretti
Angelo Maria Saliani
Maria Grazia Foschino‐Barbaro
Teresa Vigilante
Erika Celitti
Chiara Quintavalle
Francesco Mancini
Arnoud Arntz
Erica Pugliese
Allison Uvelli
Arnold van Emmerik
Fabio Ferretti
Angelo Maria Saliani
Maria Grazia Foschino‐Barbaro
Teresa Vigilante
Erika Celitti
Chiara Quintavalle
Francesco Mancini
Arnoud Arntz
collection Wiley Open Access
contents Pathological Affective Dependence as a Risk Factor for Intimate Partner Violence: Initial Psychometric Validation of the Italian Version of the Pathological Affective Dependence Scale Erica Pugliese Allison Uvelli Arnold van Emmerik Fabio Ferretti Angelo Maria Saliani Maria Grazia Foschino‐Barbaro Teresa Vigilante Erika Celitti Chiara Quintavalle Francesco Mancini Arnoud Arntz Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy ABSTRACT Purpose This study aimed to validate the Italian version of the Pathological Affective Dependence Scale (PADS), which assesses both trait and state manifestations of Pathological Affective Dependence (PAD), a key risk factor for Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). Methods Two studies were conducted in the general population and IPV survivor samples. Study 1 used a sample of 360 participants for Confirmatory and Exploratory Factor Analysis (CFA and EFA). Study 2 included 362 participants for an additional CFA and reliability analysis to further assess the scale's factor structure and internal consistency, and for a correlational analysis to determine its convergent and discriminant validity. Results Our factor analytic findings revealed that the PADS' 17 items represent three factors: internal conflict, inability to separate and partner abuse. The scale's state and trait versions showed satisfactory reliability, and convergent and discriminant validity. Conclusions The findings suggest that the PADS is a useful tool for assessing and enhancing our understanding of PAD as a psychological risk factor for IPV. As such, it can help prevent IPV and support individual IPV survivors by identifying and treating PAD, while also contributing to clinical and social research into IPV. 10.1002/cpp.70140 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
doi_str_mv 10.1002/cpp.70140
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publisher Wiley
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spellingShingle Pathological Affective Dependence as a Risk Factor for Intimate Partner Violence: Initial Psychometric Validation of the Italian Version of the Pathological Affective Dependence Scale
Erica Pugliese
Allison Uvelli
Arnold van Emmerik
Fabio Ferretti
Angelo Maria Saliani
Maria Grazia Foschino‐Barbaro
Teresa Vigilante
Erika Celitti
Chiara Quintavalle
Francesco Mancini
Arnoud Arntz
Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy
Pathological Affective Dependence as a Risk Factor for Intimate Partner Violence: Initial Psychometric Validation of the Italian Version of the Pathological Affective Dependence Scale Erica Pugliese Allison Uvelli Arnold van Emmerik Fabio Ferretti Angelo Maria Saliani Maria Grazia Foschino‐Barbaro Teresa Vigilante Erika Celitti Chiara Quintavalle Francesco Mancini Arnoud Arntz Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy ABSTRACT Purpose This study aimed to validate the Italian version of the Pathological Affective Dependence Scale (PADS), which assesses both trait and state manifestations of Pathological Affective Dependence (PAD), a key risk factor for Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). Methods Two studies were conducted in the general population and IPV survivor samples. Study 1 used a sample of 360 participants for Confirmatory and Exploratory Factor Analysis (CFA and EFA). Study 2 included 362 participants for an additional CFA and reliability analysis to further assess the scale's factor structure and internal consistency, and for a correlational analysis to determine its convergent and discriminant validity. Results Our factor analytic findings revealed that the PADS' 17 items represent three factors: internal conflict, inability to separate and partner abuse. The scale's state and trait versions showed satisfactory reliability, and convergent and discriminant validity. Conclusions The findings suggest that the PADS is a useful tool for assessing and enhancing our understanding of PAD as a psychological risk factor for IPV. As such, it can help prevent IPV and support individual IPV survivors by identifying and treating PAD, while also contributing to clinical and social research into IPV. 10.1002/cpp.70140 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Pathological Affective Dependence as a Risk Factor for Intimate Partner Violence: Initial Psychometric Validation of the Italian Version of the Pathological Affective Dependence Scale
topic Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy
url https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cpp.70140