Compatibility Matching on Age and Gender in Predicting Psychotherapy Outcomes

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Main Authors: Sabine Lehane, Luigi Medoro, Adrian B. Kelly, Esben Strodl
Format: Artículo Open Access
Published: Wiley 2025
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author Sabine Lehane
Luigi Medoro
Adrian B. Kelly
Esben Strodl
author_facet Sabine Lehane
Luigi Medoro
Adrian B. Kelly
Esben Strodl
Sabine Lehane
Luigi Medoro
Adrian B. Kelly
Esben Strodl
collection Wiley Open Access
contents Compatibility Matching on Age and Gender in Predicting Psychotherapy Outcomes Sabine Lehane Luigi Medoro Adrian B. Kelly Esben Strodl Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy ABSTRACT Objective This study investigated whether specific client–therapist age and gender pairings increase compatibility and bolster psychotherapy outcomes and engagement. Identifying influential relational factors may inform compatibility‐based, data‐driven matching processes in clinical practice. Method Analyses were conducted using historical questionnaire data from a large sample of 1044 community clients (68.6% female; M  = 31.6 years, SD = 12.8; aged 18–76) and 138 provisionally registered student therapists (79.7% female; M  = 30.1 years, SD = 8.2; aged 21–57) at a university‐affiliated community psychology clinic. Moderated multiple regression examined whether age differential (therapist age–client age), gender combinations (four‐level moderator: female–female, male–male, female–male and male–female) or their interaction predicted treatment outcomes, controlling for treatment length ( n  = 886) (Analysis 1), and hierarchical logistic regression examined the influence on early dropout within three sessions ( n  = 1004) (Analysis 2). Outcomes were assessed via the Outcome Questionnaire‐45 (OQ‐45), which measures symptom distress, interpersonal relations and social role functioning. Results A greater age differential, with an older therapist, revealed a small but significant improvement in outcomes, namely, in symptom distress and social role OQ‐45 subscales. For female clients, older male therapists decreased early dropout compared to older female therapists. Conclusions Findings suggest a ‘perceived expertise’ effect, where older therapists, relative to the client, may be viewed as more competent, enhancing client outcomes. For female clients, gendered experiences and expectations influence the impact of age differential on early dropout. These results underscore the potential value of considering relational demographic dynamics in clinical matching processes. 10.1002/cpp.70180 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor
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spellingShingle Compatibility Matching on Age and Gender in Predicting Psychotherapy Outcomes
Sabine Lehane
Luigi Medoro
Adrian B. Kelly
Esben Strodl
Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy
Compatibility Matching on Age and Gender in Predicting Psychotherapy Outcomes Sabine Lehane Luigi Medoro Adrian B. Kelly Esben Strodl Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy ABSTRACT Objective This study investigated whether specific client–therapist age and gender pairings increase compatibility and bolster psychotherapy outcomes and engagement. Identifying influential relational factors may inform compatibility‐based, data‐driven matching processes in clinical practice. Method Analyses were conducted using historical questionnaire data from a large sample of 1044 community clients (68.6% female; M  = 31.6 years, SD = 12.8; aged 18–76) and 138 provisionally registered student therapists (79.7% female; M  = 30.1 years, SD = 8.2; aged 21–57) at a university‐affiliated community psychology clinic. Moderated multiple regression examined whether age differential (therapist age–client age), gender combinations (four‐level moderator: female–female, male–male, female–male and male–female) or their interaction predicted treatment outcomes, controlling for treatment length ( n  = 886) (Analysis 1), and hierarchical logistic regression examined the influence on early dropout within three sessions ( n  = 1004) (Analysis 2). Outcomes were assessed via the Outcome Questionnaire‐45 (OQ‐45), which measures symptom distress, interpersonal relations and social role functioning. Results A greater age differential, with an older therapist, revealed a small but significant improvement in outcomes, namely, in symptom distress and social role OQ‐45 subscales. For female clients, older male therapists decreased early dropout compared to older female therapists. Conclusions Findings suggest a ‘perceived expertise’ effect, where older therapists, relative to the client, may be viewed as more competent, enhancing client outcomes. For female clients, gendered experiences and expectations influence the impact of age differential on early dropout. These results underscore the potential value of considering relational demographic dynamics in clinical matching processes. 10.1002/cpp.70180 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor
title Compatibility Matching on Age and Gender in Predicting Psychotherapy Outcomes
topic Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy
url https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cpp.70180