Improving Oral Health After Spinal Cord Injury: A Scoping Review of Barriers, Facilitators, Current Interventions and Their Effectiveness

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Main Authors: Md. Nazmul Huda, Ajesh George, Masoud Golakani, Thomas G. Elphick, Sachin Shetty, Akriti Biswas, Shilpi Ajwani
Format: Artículo Open Access
Published: Wiley 2026
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author Md. Nazmul Huda
Ajesh George
Masoud Golakani
Thomas G. Elphick
Sachin Shetty
Akriti Biswas
Shilpi Ajwani
author_facet Md. Nazmul Huda
Ajesh George
Masoud Golakani
Thomas G. Elphick
Sachin Shetty
Akriti Biswas
Shilpi Ajwani
Md. Nazmul Huda
Ajesh George
Masoud Golakani
Thomas G. Elphick
Sachin Shetty
Akriti Biswas
Shilpi Ajwani
collection Wiley Open Access
contents Improving Oral Health After Spinal Cord Injury: A Scoping Review of Barriers, Facilitators, Current Interventions and Their Effectiveness Md. Nazmul Huda Ajesh George Masoud Golakani Thomas G. Elphick Sachin Shetty Akriti Biswas Shilpi Ajwani Clinical and Experimental Dental Research ABSTRACT Objectives Oral health promotion interventions promoted by non‐dental health professionals can optimize clinical outcomes and overall well‐being among people with spinal cord injury (PWSCI). Many barriers and facilitators affect non‐dental health professionals' ability to promote oral health interventions among PWSCI. This scoping review aims to map the barriers, facilitators, and current oral health promotion interventions, and to assess their effectiveness among PWSCI. Materials and Methods Using Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review framework, a systematic search of six databases (e.g., Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed) and Google Scholar for published studies inEnglish was conducted. All articles published up until November 2024 were included. The PRISMA‐Scoping Reviews Checklist was applied to guide this review's structure. Results Of the 1352 records identified, seven studies were included. Many individual and system‐level barriers (limited resources and staff, etc.) and facilitators (education and training) reported by non‐dental health professionals (nurses, occupational therapists, clinical dietitians, speech pathologists etc.) were identified. Five oral health interventions for PWSCI were reported, including oral health education and training. These interventions optimized oral health outcomes (activities of daily living, quality of life, independence in toothbrushing, reducing gingival inflammation), improved oral health practices (e.g., sustaining long‐term dental hygiene habits and improving independence in dental hygiene habits, and accessibility to geographically dispersed PWSCI) and enhanced knowledge about dental hygiene among them. Conclusions Non‐dental health professionals can be key in promoting oral health. Although many barriers impede their ability to promote oral health, currently, there are no interventions to address these barriers and enhance their ability to optimize oral health. Therefore, more research is needed to identify appropriate interventions that can enable non‐dental health professionals to address the barriers, identify oral health issues, and integrate oral health into general healthcare. 10.1002/cre2.70310 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
doi_str_mv 10.1002/cre2.70310
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publishDate 2026
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spellingShingle Improving Oral Health After Spinal Cord Injury: A Scoping Review of Barriers, Facilitators, Current Interventions and Their Effectiveness
Md. Nazmul Huda
Ajesh George
Masoud Golakani
Thomas G. Elphick
Sachin Shetty
Akriti Biswas
Shilpi Ajwani
Clinical and Experimental Dental Research
Improving Oral Health After Spinal Cord Injury: A Scoping Review of Barriers, Facilitators, Current Interventions and Their Effectiveness Md. Nazmul Huda Ajesh George Masoud Golakani Thomas G. Elphick Sachin Shetty Akriti Biswas Shilpi Ajwani Clinical and Experimental Dental Research ABSTRACT Objectives Oral health promotion interventions promoted by non‐dental health professionals can optimize clinical outcomes and overall well‐being among people with spinal cord injury (PWSCI). Many barriers and facilitators affect non‐dental health professionals' ability to promote oral health interventions among PWSCI. This scoping review aims to map the barriers, facilitators, and current oral health promotion interventions, and to assess their effectiveness among PWSCI. Materials and Methods Using Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review framework, a systematic search of six databases (e.g., Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed) and Google Scholar for published studies inEnglish was conducted. All articles published up until November 2024 were included. The PRISMA‐Scoping Reviews Checklist was applied to guide this review's structure. Results Of the 1352 records identified, seven studies were included. Many individual and system‐level barriers (limited resources and staff, etc.) and facilitators (education and training) reported by non‐dental health professionals (nurses, occupational therapists, clinical dietitians, speech pathologists etc.) were identified. Five oral health interventions for PWSCI were reported, including oral health education and training. These interventions optimized oral health outcomes (activities of daily living, quality of life, independence in toothbrushing, reducing gingival inflammation), improved oral health practices (e.g., sustaining long‐term dental hygiene habits and improving independence in dental hygiene habits, and accessibility to geographically dispersed PWSCI) and enhanced knowledge about dental hygiene among them. Conclusions Non‐dental health professionals can be key in promoting oral health. Although many barriers impede their ability to promote oral health, currently, there are no interventions to address these barriers and enhance their ability to optimize oral health. Therefore, more research is needed to identify appropriate interventions that can enable non‐dental health professionals to address the barriers, identify oral health issues, and integrate oral health into general healthcare. 10.1002/cre2.70310 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Improving Oral Health After Spinal Cord Injury: A Scoping Review of Barriers, Facilitators, Current Interventions and Their Effectiveness
topic Clinical and Experimental Dental Research
url https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cre2.70310