Hair Cortisol Concentrations in Children: A Longitudinal Analysis Across Childhood

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Autores principales: Miguel Ángel Baos‐González, Javier De Echarri‐Lorente, María Ángeles García‐León, Raquel González‐Pérez, María Isabel Peralta‐Ramírez
Formato: Artículo Open Access
Publicado: Wiley 2026
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author Miguel Ángel Baos‐González
Javier De Echarri‐Lorente
María Ángeles García‐León
Raquel González‐Pérez
María Isabel Peralta‐Ramírez
author_facet Miguel Ángel Baos‐González
Javier De Echarri‐Lorente
María Ángeles García‐León
Raquel González‐Pérez
María Isabel Peralta‐Ramírez
Miguel Ángel Baos‐González
Javier De Echarri‐Lorente
María Ángeles García‐León
Raquel González‐Pérez
María Isabel Peralta‐Ramírez
collection Wiley Open Access
contents Hair Cortisol Concentrations in Children: A Longitudinal Analysis Across Childhood Miguel Ángel Baos‐González Javier De Echarri‐Lorente María Ángeles García‐León Raquel González‐Pérez María Isabel Peralta‐Ramírez Developmental Psychobiology ABSTRACT Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) reflects long‐term cortisol exposure and is commonly used as a biomarker of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity. Although increasingly applied in pediatric populations, developmental changes in HCC and potential sex differences remain unclear. This longitudinal study examined HCC across childhood and the influence of sociodemographic and perinatal factors. A total of 212 mother–child dyads participated. Sociodemographic and perinatal data were collected during pregnancy and postpartum. Offspring HCC (pg/mg) was assessed at birth, 6 months, and annually from 1 to 7 years. HCC decreased with age, with the steepest decline occurring in early childhood and greater stability observed between 4 and 7 years of age. Sex differences emerged only at 3 years, with higher HCC in females. Standardized birth height was negatively associated with newborn HCC; maternal BMI and weight before and during pregnancy were negatively associated with HCC at 1–2 years; and gestational week at delivery was positively associated with HCC at 3 years. Descriptive HCC percentiles were calculated for newborns, at 6 months, and at ages 1–3 years. These findings illustrate the developmental trajectory of HCC across childhood and provide insights into sociodemographic and perinatal factors associated with children's HCC. 10.1002/dev.70154 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
doi_str_mv 10.1002/dev.70154
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id wiley_oa_10_1002_dev_70154
institution Wiley Open Access
license_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
publishDate 2026
publisher Wiley
record_format wiley_oa
spellingShingle Hair Cortisol Concentrations in Children: A Longitudinal Analysis Across Childhood
Miguel Ángel Baos‐González
Javier De Echarri‐Lorente
María Ángeles García‐León
Raquel González‐Pérez
María Isabel Peralta‐Ramírez
Developmental Psychobiology
Hair Cortisol Concentrations in Children: A Longitudinal Analysis Across Childhood Miguel Ángel Baos‐González Javier De Echarri‐Lorente María Ángeles García‐León Raquel González‐Pérez María Isabel Peralta‐Ramírez Developmental Psychobiology ABSTRACT Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) reflects long‐term cortisol exposure and is commonly used as a biomarker of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity. Although increasingly applied in pediatric populations, developmental changes in HCC and potential sex differences remain unclear. This longitudinal study examined HCC across childhood and the influence of sociodemographic and perinatal factors. A total of 212 mother–child dyads participated. Sociodemographic and perinatal data were collected during pregnancy and postpartum. Offspring HCC (pg/mg) was assessed at birth, 6 months, and annually from 1 to 7 years. HCC decreased with age, with the steepest decline occurring in early childhood and greater stability observed between 4 and 7 years of age. Sex differences emerged only at 3 years, with higher HCC in females. Standardized birth height was negatively associated with newborn HCC; maternal BMI and weight before and during pregnancy were negatively associated with HCC at 1–2 years; and gestational week at delivery was positively associated with HCC at 3 years. Descriptive HCC percentiles were calculated for newborns, at 6 months, and at ages 1–3 years. These findings illustrate the developmental trajectory of HCC across childhood and provide insights into sociodemographic and perinatal factors associated with children's HCC. 10.1002/dev.70154 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Hair Cortisol Concentrations in Children: A Longitudinal Analysis Across Childhood
topic Developmental Psychobiology
url https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dev.70154