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Main Authors: Maximilian L. Allen, Andrew T. L. Allan, Richard M. King, Bethany H. Warner, John J. Morgan, Christopher C. Wilmers
Format: Artículo Open Access
Published: Wiley 2026
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Online Access:https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.73708
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author Maximilian L. Allen
Andrew T. L. Allan
Richard M. King
Bethany H. Warner
John J. Morgan
Christopher C. Wilmers
author_facet Maximilian L. Allen
Andrew T. L. Allan
Richard M. King
Bethany H. Warner
John J. Morgan
Christopher C. Wilmers
Maximilian L. Allen
Andrew T. L. Allan
Richard M. King
Bethany H. Warner
John J. Morgan
Christopher C. Wilmers
collection Wiley Open Access
contents Scavenger Assemblage Behavior at Puma Kills in the Santa Cruz Mountains, California Maximilian L. Allen Andrew T. L. Allan Richard M. King Bethany H. Warner John J. Morgan Christopher C. Wilmers Ecology and Evolution ABSTRACT Scavengers structure food webs through consuming carrion and cycling nutrients in ecosystems. Scavenger assemblages are shaped by multiple factors, including intra‐ and interspecific competition, environmental conditions, and interactions with apex carnivores. Apex carnivores are particularly important for providing carrion resources to these communities, but can also induce fear effects that affect scavenger spatiotemporal behavior (i.e., landscape of fear). We monitored the scavenger community at 50 carcasses of ungulates killed by pumas ( Puma concolor ) in the Santa Cruz Mountains (California, USA), using motion‐activated video camera traps. We hypothesized that obligate avian scavengers (i.e., turkey vultures; Cathartes aura ) would visit more kills than opportunistic mammalian scavengers, and that larger mesocarnivores (coyotes [ Canis latrans ] and bobcats [ Lynx rufus ]) would spend longer durations at carcasses due to competitive dominance. We also hypothesized that seasonal variation in scavenging activity and earlier carcass detection would lead to greater scavenger activity. We found that turkey vultures were the main scavenger, visiting the most carcasses ( n  = 22), most frequently being the first species to visit carcasses ( n  = 14), and spending on average the most time at kills. Larger mesocarnivores had longer mean visit durations, while pumas themselves scavenged from conspecific kills at a relatively high rate. Contrary to our predictions, turkey vultures were the only species with significant seasonal variation—spending more time at kills and finding them more quickly in the dry season. Carcass detection time was weakly associated with the total time a scavenger spent at kills, and scavenger species that discovered more carcasses first were more likely to visit more kills. Our findings highlight the complexity of scavenger assemblages, particularly at kills made by apex carnivores, and contribute to understanding carrion ecology and the role of apex carnivores as ecological brokers in food webs. 10.1002/ece3.73708 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
doi_str_mv 10.1002/ece3.73708
format Artículo Open Access
id wiley_oa_10_1002_ece3_73708
institution Wiley Open Access
license_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
publishDate 2026
publisher Wiley
record_format wiley_oa
spellingShingle Scavenger Assemblage Behavior at Puma Kills in the Santa Cruz Mountains, California
Maximilian L. Allen
Andrew T. L. Allan
Richard M. King
Bethany H. Warner
John J. Morgan
Christopher C. Wilmers
Ecology and Evolution
Scavenger Assemblage Behavior at Puma Kills in the Santa Cruz Mountains, California Maximilian L. Allen Andrew T. L. Allan Richard M. King Bethany H. Warner John J. Morgan Christopher C. Wilmers Ecology and Evolution ABSTRACT Scavengers structure food webs through consuming carrion and cycling nutrients in ecosystems. Scavenger assemblages are shaped by multiple factors, including intra‐ and interspecific competition, environmental conditions, and interactions with apex carnivores. Apex carnivores are particularly important for providing carrion resources to these communities, but can also induce fear effects that affect scavenger spatiotemporal behavior (i.e., landscape of fear). We monitored the scavenger community at 50 carcasses of ungulates killed by pumas ( Puma concolor ) in the Santa Cruz Mountains (California, USA), using motion‐activated video camera traps. We hypothesized that obligate avian scavengers (i.e., turkey vultures; Cathartes aura ) would visit more kills than opportunistic mammalian scavengers, and that larger mesocarnivores (coyotes [ Canis latrans ] and bobcats [ Lynx rufus ]) would spend longer durations at carcasses due to competitive dominance. We also hypothesized that seasonal variation in scavenging activity and earlier carcass detection would lead to greater scavenger activity. We found that turkey vultures were the main scavenger, visiting the most carcasses ( n  = 22), most frequently being the first species to visit carcasses ( n  = 14), and spending on average the most time at kills. Larger mesocarnivores had longer mean visit durations, while pumas themselves scavenged from conspecific kills at a relatively high rate. Contrary to our predictions, turkey vultures were the only species with significant seasonal variation—spending more time at kills and finding them more quickly in the dry season. Carcass detection time was weakly associated with the total time a scavenger spent at kills, and scavenger species that discovered more carcasses first were more likely to visit more kills. Our findings highlight the complexity of scavenger assemblages, particularly at kills made by apex carnivores, and contribute to understanding carrion ecology and the role of apex carnivores as ecological brokers in food webs. 10.1002/ece3.73708 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Scavenger Assemblage Behavior at Puma Kills in the Santa Cruz Mountains, California
topic Ecology and Evolution
url https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.73708