Prevalence, Molecular Characterization, and Immune Status Response of Hepatitis B Virus Among Healthcare Workers in Yaoundé General Hospital, Cameroon, During May to June 2024: A Hospital‐Based Cross‐Sectional Study
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2025
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| _version_ | 1867013174845243392 |
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| author | Marie Atsama‐Amougou Fredy Brice Nemg Simo Cedric Fossi Tchinda Marie Moukam Marcel Tongo‐Passo Paul Moundipa‐Fewou |
| author_facet | Marie Atsama‐Amougou Fredy Brice Nemg Simo Cedric Fossi Tchinda Marie Moukam Marcel Tongo‐Passo Paul Moundipa‐Fewou Marie Atsama‐Amougou Fredy Brice Nemg Simo Cedric Fossi Tchinda Marie Moukam Marcel Tongo‐Passo Paul Moundipa‐Fewou |
| collection | Wiley Open Access |
| contents | Prevalence, Molecular Characterization, and Immune Status Response of Hepatitis B Virus Among Healthcare Workers in Yaoundé General Hospital, Cameroon, During May to June 2024: A Hospital‐Based Cross‐Sectional Study Marie Atsama‐Amougou Fredy Brice Nemg Simo Cedric Fossi Tchinda Marie Moukam Marcel Tongo‐Passo Paul Moundipa‐Fewou Health Science Reports ABSTRACT Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is preventable through vaccination. However, healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of HBV transmission due to occupational exposure. Aims This study investigates the prevalence of HBV markers of exposure and infection, HBV genotypes, and immunity among HCWs at Yaoundé General Hospital. Methods We conducted a prospective, cross‐sectional study based on self‐administered questionnaires and blood samples collected from HCWs. HBV markers (HBsAg, anti‐HBs, anti‐HBc) and genotypes were analyzed using ELISA MONOLISA kits and hemi‐nested amplification and sequencing focusing on the HBV S region. Results Among 173 HCWs, 46.8% (81/173) were exposed (positive for anti‐HBc), 14.8% (12/81) of exposed participants were infected (HBsAg). A 9.8% (17/173) were naturally immunized (positive for anti‐HBc and anti‐HBs) and 60.7% (105/173) had acquired immunity (anti‐HBs only). Phylogenetic analysis revealed the prevalence of only HBV genotype E. Exposure to HBV and current infection was significantly associated with age group, with a significant p < 0.05 ( p = 0.0032) predominance in the 20–29 age group 60.1% (104/173) and 32.9% (57/173), respectively. Notably, low vaccine response was closely associated with function, with nurses being at higher risk (OR = 8.52; 95% CI: 3.250–10.567), whereas high vaccine immunity was observed in those who had received all 3 doses of HBV vaccine (OR = 15.861; 95% CI: 0.971–45.591). Conclusion This study revealed a significant burden of HBV infection among HCWs in Yaounde General Hospital, Cameroon. Our results highlight the ongoing risk of HBV transmission among HCWs and emphasize the importance of an active, multi‐faced approach, including vaccination programs, precautionary measures, and additional strategies, to effectively contain HBV exposure among HCWs in Cameroon. 10.1002/hsr2.70913 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/hsr2.70913 |
| format | Artículo Open Access |
| id | wiley_oa_10_1002_hsr2_70913 |
| institution | Wiley Open Access |
| license_str_mv | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | wiley_oa |
| spellingShingle | Prevalence, Molecular Characterization, and Immune Status Response of Hepatitis B Virus Among Healthcare Workers in Yaoundé General Hospital, Cameroon, During May to June 2024: A Hospital‐Based Cross‐Sectional Study Marie Atsama‐Amougou Fredy Brice Nemg Simo Cedric Fossi Tchinda Marie Moukam Marcel Tongo‐Passo Paul Moundipa‐Fewou Health Science Reports Prevalence, Molecular Characterization, and Immune Status Response of Hepatitis B Virus Among Healthcare Workers in Yaoundé General Hospital, Cameroon, During May to June 2024: A Hospital‐Based Cross‐Sectional Study Marie Atsama‐Amougou Fredy Brice Nemg Simo Cedric Fossi Tchinda Marie Moukam Marcel Tongo‐Passo Paul Moundipa‐Fewou Health Science Reports ABSTRACT Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is preventable through vaccination. However, healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of HBV transmission due to occupational exposure. Aims This study investigates the prevalence of HBV markers of exposure and infection, HBV genotypes, and immunity among HCWs at Yaoundé General Hospital. Methods We conducted a prospective, cross‐sectional study based on self‐administered questionnaires and blood samples collected from HCWs. HBV markers (HBsAg, anti‐HBs, anti‐HBc) and genotypes were analyzed using ELISA MONOLISA kits and hemi‐nested amplification and sequencing focusing on the HBV S region. Results Among 173 HCWs, 46.8% (81/173) were exposed (positive for anti‐HBc), 14.8% (12/81) of exposed participants were infected (HBsAg). A 9.8% (17/173) were naturally immunized (positive for anti‐HBc and anti‐HBs) and 60.7% (105/173) had acquired immunity (anti‐HBs only). Phylogenetic analysis revealed the prevalence of only HBV genotype E. Exposure to HBV and current infection was significantly associated with age group, with a significant p < 0.05 ( p = 0.0032) predominance in the 20–29 age group 60.1% (104/173) and 32.9% (57/173), respectively. Notably, low vaccine response was closely associated with function, with nurses being at higher risk (OR = 8.52; 95% CI: 3.250–10.567), whereas high vaccine immunity was observed in those who had received all 3 doses of HBV vaccine (OR = 15.861; 95% CI: 0.971–45.591). Conclusion This study revealed a significant burden of HBV infection among HCWs in Yaounde General Hospital, Cameroon. Our results highlight the ongoing risk of HBV transmission among HCWs and emphasize the importance of an active, multi‐faced approach, including vaccination programs, precautionary measures, and additional strategies, to effectively contain HBV exposure among HCWs in Cameroon. 10.1002/hsr2.70913 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
| title | Prevalence, Molecular Characterization, and Immune Status Response of Hepatitis B Virus Among Healthcare Workers in Yaoundé General Hospital, Cameroon, During May to June 2024: A Hospital‐Based Cross‐Sectional Study |
| topic | Health Science Reports |
| url | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hsr2.70913 |