Ripening‐related metabolic changes in different chili pepper cultivars revealed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
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2025
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| author | Gi‐Un Seong Dae‐Yong Yun Jeong‐Seok Cho Seul‐Ki Park Gyu Seok Lee Jeong Hee Choi Kee‐Jai Park Jeong‐Ho Lim |
| author_facet | Gi‐Un Seong Dae‐Yong Yun Jeong‐Seok Cho Seul‐Ki Park Gyu Seok Lee Jeong Hee Choi Kee‐Jai Park Jeong‐Ho Lim Gi‐Un Seong Dae‐Yong Yun Jeong‐Seok Cho Seul‐Ki Park Gyu Seok Lee Jeong Hee Choi Kee‐Jai Park Jeong‐Ho Lim |
| collection | Wiley Open Access |
| contents | Ripening‐related metabolic changes in different chili pepper cultivars revealed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Gi‐Un Seong Dae‐Yong Yun Jeong‐Seok Cho Seul‐Ki Park Gyu Seok Lee Jeong Hee Choi Kee‐Jai Park Jeong‐Ho Lim Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture AbstractBACKGROUNDChili pepper is a widely cultivated crop known for its bioactive compounds, culinary significance and nutritional value. In Korea, traditional (Subicho) and disease‐resistant (Bulkala and Kaltanbaksa) cultivars are crucial. Ripening involves complex metabolic transformations, including chlorophyll degradation, carotenoid accumulation and alterations in carbohydrate, amino acid and organic acid metabolism – affecting fruit quality, sensory attributes and stress resilience. Despite insights from metabolomics, research is limited, including on traditional and enhanced cultivars. This study used 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)‐based metabolomics to assess ripening‐related metabolic alterations across different pepper tissues (pericarp, placenta and seed) – offering insights into genetic and biochemical factors underlying fruit maturation.RESULTS1H and two‐dimensional NMR spectroscopy (total correlation spectroscopy and heteronuclear single‐quantum correlation) identified primary metabolites in ripe and unripe pericarp, placenta and seed tissues. Orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis and hierarchical clustering revealed metabolic differences between ripening stages and cultivars. The pericarp exhibited increased glucose, fructose and trehalose levels – enhancing sweetness and structural integrity. The placenta was crucial for nutrient transport, with high glutamine and aspartic acid levels in unripe fruits, whereas the seed accumulated leucine, valine, choline and fatty acids during maturation – serving as an energy source. Disease‐resistant cultivars exhibited increased levels of soluble carbohydrates and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, indicating enhanced metabolic activity and stress tolerance.CONCLUSIONSThis study highlights the metabolic mechanisms underlying pepper ripening, emphasizing cultivar‐specific variations that affect fruit quality, storage stability and processing. These findings offer valuable insights into breeding strategies to optimize productivity, flavor and nutritional composition. © 2025 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. 10.1002/jsfa.14313 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/jsfa.14313 |
| format | Artículo Open Access |
| id | wiley_oa_10_1002_jsfa_14313 |
| institution | Wiley Open Access |
| license_str_mv | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | wiley_oa |
| spellingShingle | Ripening‐related metabolic changes in different chili pepper cultivars revealed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Gi‐Un Seong Dae‐Yong Yun Jeong‐Seok Cho Seul‐Ki Park Gyu Seok Lee Jeong Hee Choi Kee‐Jai Park Jeong‐Ho Lim Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture Ripening‐related metabolic changes in different chili pepper cultivars revealed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Gi‐Un Seong Dae‐Yong Yun Jeong‐Seok Cho Seul‐Ki Park Gyu Seok Lee Jeong Hee Choi Kee‐Jai Park Jeong‐Ho Lim Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture AbstractBACKGROUNDChili pepper is a widely cultivated crop known for its bioactive compounds, culinary significance and nutritional value. In Korea, traditional (Subicho) and disease‐resistant (Bulkala and Kaltanbaksa) cultivars are crucial. Ripening involves complex metabolic transformations, including chlorophyll degradation, carotenoid accumulation and alterations in carbohydrate, amino acid and organic acid metabolism – affecting fruit quality, sensory attributes and stress resilience. Despite insights from metabolomics, research is limited, including on traditional and enhanced cultivars. This study used 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)‐based metabolomics to assess ripening‐related metabolic alterations across different pepper tissues (pericarp, placenta and seed) – offering insights into genetic and biochemical factors underlying fruit maturation.RESULTS1H and two‐dimensional NMR spectroscopy (total correlation spectroscopy and heteronuclear single‐quantum correlation) identified primary metabolites in ripe and unripe pericarp, placenta and seed tissues. Orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis and hierarchical clustering revealed metabolic differences between ripening stages and cultivars. The pericarp exhibited increased glucose, fructose and trehalose levels – enhancing sweetness and structural integrity. The placenta was crucial for nutrient transport, with high glutamine and aspartic acid levels in unripe fruits, whereas the seed accumulated leucine, valine, choline and fatty acids during maturation – serving as an energy source. Disease‐resistant cultivars exhibited increased levels of soluble carbohydrates and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, indicating enhanced metabolic activity and stress tolerance.CONCLUSIONSThis study highlights the metabolic mechanisms underlying pepper ripening, emphasizing cultivar‐specific variations that affect fruit quality, storage stability and processing. These findings offer valuable insights into breeding strategies to optimize productivity, flavor and nutritional composition. © 2025 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. 10.1002/jsfa.14313 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| title | Ripening‐related metabolic changes in different chili pepper cultivars revealed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy |
| topic | Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture |
| url | https://scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jsfa.14313 |