Finding Pathways in Reaction Networks Guided by Energy Barriers Using Integer Linear Programing

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Main Authors: Adittya Pal, Rolf Fagerberg, Jakob Lykke Andersen, Peter Dittrich, Daniel Merkle
Format: Artículo Open Access
Published: Wiley 2026
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author Adittya Pal
Rolf Fagerberg
Jakob Lykke Andersen
Peter Dittrich
Daniel Merkle
author_facet Adittya Pal
Rolf Fagerberg
Jakob Lykke Andersen
Peter Dittrich
Daniel Merkle
Adittya Pal
Rolf Fagerberg
Jakob Lykke Andersen
Peter Dittrich
Daniel Merkle
collection Wiley Open Access
contents Finding Pathways in Reaction Networks Guided by Energy Barriers Using Integer Linear Programing Adittya Pal Rolf Fagerberg Jakob Lykke Andersen Peter Dittrich Daniel Merkle Molecular Informatics Analyzing synthesis pathways for target molecules in a chemical reaction network annotated with information on the kinetics of individual reactions is an area of active study. This work presents a computational methodology for searching for pathways in reaction networks which is based on integer linear programing and the modeling of reaction networks by directed hypergraphs. Often multiple pathways fit the given search criteria. To rank them, we develop an objective function based on physical arguments maximizing the probability of the pathway. We furthermore develop an automated pipeline to estimate the energy barriers of individual reactions in reaction networks. Combined, the methodology facilitates flexible and kinetically informed pathway investigations on large reaction networks by computational means, even for networks coming without kinetic annotation, such as those created via generative approaches for expanding molecular spaces. To demonstrate the methodology, we apply it on a chemical reaction network generated from 2‐hydroxyethanenitrile, water, and ammonia, where we search for pathways to glycine and 2‐hydroxyethanoic acid using the input molecules as precursors. 10.1002/minf.70021 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor
doi_str_mv 10.1002/minf.70021
format Artículo Open Access
id wiley_oa_10_1002_minf_70021
institution Wiley Open Access
license_str_mv http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor
publishDate 2026
publisher Wiley
record_format wiley_oa
spellingShingle Finding Pathways in Reaction Networks Guided by Energy Barriers Using Integer Linear Programing
Adittya Pal
Rolf Fagerberg
Jakob Lykke Andersen
Peter Dittrich
Daniel Merkle
Molecular Informatics
Finding Pathways in Reaction Networks Guided by Energy Barriers Using Integer Linear Programing Adittya Pal Rolf Fagerberg Jakob Lykke Andersen Peter Dittrich Daniel Merkle Molecular Informatics Analyzing synthesis pathways for target molecules in a chemical reaction network annotated with information on the kinetics of individual reactions is an area of active study. This work presents a computational methodology for searching for pathways in reaction networks which is based on integer linear programing and the modeling of reaction networks by directed hypergraphs. Often multiple pathways fit the given search criteria. To rank them, we develop an objective function based on physical arguments maximizing the probability of the pathway. We furthermore develop an automated pipeline to estimate the energy barriers of individual reactions in reaction networks. Combined, the methodology facilitates flexible and kinetically informed pathway investigations on large reaction networks by computational means, even for networks coming without kinetic annotation, such as those created via generative approaches for expanding molecular spaces. To demonstrate the methodology, we apply it on a chemical reaction network generated from 2‐hydroxyethanenitrile, water, and ammonia, where we search for pathways to glycine and 2‐hydroxyethanoic acid using the input molecules as precursors. 10.1002/minf.70021 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor
title Finding Pathways in Reaction Networks Guided by Energy Barriers Using Integer Linear Programing
topic Molecular Informatics
url https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/minf.70021