Ultrasound Characterization of Plastic Bonded Explosives With Varied Binder Content and Density
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Wiley
2026
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| author | Jordan S. Lum Paul B. Mirkarimi Emily L. Robertson Maxwell Lynch Paul Martinez Joseph W. Tringe Kyle T. Sullivan |
| author_facet | Jordan S. Lum Paul B. Mirkarimi Emily L. Robertson Maxwell Lynch Paul Martinez Joseph W. Tringe Kyle T. Sullivan Jordan S. Lum Paul B. Mirkarimi Emily L. Robertson Maxwell Lynch Paul Martinez Joseph W. Tringe Kyle T. Sullivan |
| collection | Wiley Open Access |
| contents | Ultrasound Characterization of Plastic Bonded Explosives With Varied Binder Content and Density Jordan S. Lum Paul B. Mirkarimi Emily L. Robertson Maxwell Lynch Paul Martinez Joseph W. Tringe Kyle T. Sullivan Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics ABSTRACT Advanced explosive formulations and methods of production require rapid characterization for both processes and materials. Here, we present results for ultrasound characterization of a plastic bonded explosive (PBX) formulation as a function of binder weight percent and pressing density using through‐transmission sound speed measurements. The explosive in this study was composed of 1,3,5‐triamino‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene (TATB) combined with the fluoropolymer binder Kynar Ultraflex B. Binder content ranged from 2.6 wt.% to 11.5 wt.% with associated explosive formulation densities from 1.69 g/cc to 1.89 g/cc. We find linear and nonlinear changes in longitudinal and shear sound speeds, peak frequencies, and measured elastic properties for the different PBX formulations. These measured changes can differentiate the tested formulations, highlighting the potential for ultrasound as a nondestructive characterization method for newly‐formulated PBXs. We also demonstrate through‐transmission measurements using different coupling media and present results from an ultrasound technique called resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS). Both transmission and RUS approaches may allow for rapid and even automated characterization of PBX components suitable for high‐throughput manufacturing operations. 10.1002/prep.70177 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/prep.70177 |
| format | Artículo Open Access |
| id | wiley_oa_10_1002_prep_70177 |
| institution | Wiley Open Access |
| license_str_mv | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | wiley_oa |
| spellingShingle | Ultrasound Characterization of Plastic Bonded Explosives With Varied Binder Content and Density Jordan S. Lum Paul B. Mirkarimi Emily L. Robertson Maxwell Lynch Paul Martinez Joseph W. Tringe Kyle T. Sullivan Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics Ultrasound Characterization of Plastic Bonded Explosives With Varied Binder Content and Density Jordan S. Lum Paul B. Mirkarimi Emily L. Robertson Maxwell Lynch Paul Martinez Joseph W. Tringe Kyle T. Sullivan Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics ABSTRACT Advanced explosive formulations and methods of production require rapid characterization for both processes and materials. Here, we present results for ultrasound characterization of a plastic bonded explosive (PBX) formulation as a function of binder weight percent and pressing density using through‐transmission sound speed measurements. The explosive in this study was composed of 1,3,5‐triamino‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene (TATB) combined with the fluoropolymer binder Kynar Ultraflex B. Binder content ranged from 2.6 wt.% to 11.5 wt.% with associated explosive formulation densities from 1.69 g/cc to 1.89 g/cc. We find linear and nonlinear changes in longitudinal and shear sound speeds, peak frequencies, and measured elastic properties for the different PBX formulations. These measured changes can differentiate the tested formulations, highlighting the potential for ultrasound as a nondestructive characterization method for newly‐formulated PBXs. We also demonstrate through‐transmission measurements using different coupling media and present results from an ultrasound technique called resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS). Both transmission and RUS approaches may allow for rapid and even automated characterization of PBX components suitable for high‐throughput manufacturing operations. 10.1002/prep.70177 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
| title | Ultrasound Characterization of Plastic Bonded Explosives With Varied Binder Content and Density |
| topic | Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics |
| url | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/prep.70177 |