Can the Unit Size Predict Outcomes? Testing for Informativeness in Three‐Level Designs
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| Format: | Artículo Open Access |
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Wiley
2025
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| _version_ | 1867013931292164097 |
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| author | Samuel Anyaso‐Samuel Somnath Datta Eva Roos Jaakko Nevalainen |
| author_facet | Samuel Anyaso‐Samuel Somnath Datta Eva Roos Jaakko Nevalainen Samuel Anyaso‐Samuel Somnath Datta Eva Roos Jaakko Nevalainen |
| collection | Wiley Open Access |
| contents | Can the Unit Size Predict Outcomes? Testing for Informativeness in Three‐Level Designs Samuel Anyaso‐Samuel Somnath Datta Eva Roos Jaakko Nevalainen Statistics in Medicine ABSTRACTMultilevel data are frequently encountered in biomedical research, and several statistical methods have been developed to analyze such data. Informativeness of the number of units on certain levels often manifests itself in multilevel data analysis and failure to account for this phenomenon will lead to biased inference. Moreover, utilizing an incorrect marginalization approach will also lead to invalid conclusions. To identify the appropriate marginal distribution to be tested in multilevel designs, we propose a sequential testing procedure to test for informativeness of unit sizes in multilevel structures with three levels. At a given level of the design, a bootstrap method is developed to estimate the null distribution of no informativeness of unit size. Simulation studies confirm the efficacy of our sequential procedure in maintaining an overall Type I error rate. Additionally, we extend our testing procedure to a multilevel regression setting, enhancing its practical applicability. We demonstrate the utility of our proposed methods through the analysis of data from a study on periodontal disease and a study on stress levels of preschoolers. 10.1002/sim.70041 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/sim.70041 |
| format | Artículo Open Access |
| id | wiley_oa_10_1002_sim_70041 |
| institution | Wiley Open Access |
| license_str_mv | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | wiley_oa |
| spellingShingle | Can the Unit Size Predict Outcomes? Testing for Informativeness in Three‐Level Designs Samuel Anyaso‐Samuel Somnath Datta Eva Roos Jaakko Nevalainen Statistics in Medicine Can the Unit Size Predict Outcomes? Testing for Informativeness in Three‐Level Designs Samuel Anyaso‐Samuel Somnath Datta Eva Roos Jaakko Nevalainen Statistics in Medicine ABSTRACTMultilevel data are frequently encountered in biomedical research, and several statistical methods have been developed to analyze such data. Informativeness of the number of units on certain levels often manifests itself in multilevel data analysis and failure to account for this phenomenon will lead to biased inference. Moreover, utilizing an incorrect marginalization approach will also lead to invalid conclusions. To identify the appropriate marginal distribution to be tested in multilevel designs, we propose a sequential testing procedure to test for informativeness of unit sizes in multilevel structures with three levels. At a given level of the design, a bootstrap method is developed to estimate the null distribution of no informativeness of unit size. Simulation studies confirm the efficacy of our sequential procedure in maintaining an overall Type I error rate. Additionally, we extend our testing procedure to a multilevel regression setting, enhancing its practical applicability. We demonstrate the utility of our proposed methods through the analysis of data from a study on periodontal disease and a study on stress levels of preschoolers. 10.1002/sim.70041 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
| title | Can the Unit Size Predict Outcomes? Testing for Informativeness in Three‐Level Designs |
| topic | Statistics in Medicine |
| url | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sim.70041 |