Deep Learning for Detecting Dental Plaque and Gingivitis From Oral Photographs: A Systematic Review

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Hauptverfasser: Mohammad Moharrami, Elaheh Vahab, Mobina Bagherianlemraski, Ghazal Hemmati, Sonica Singhal, Carlos Quinonez, Falk Schwendicke, Michael Glogauer
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Veröffentlicht: Wiley 2025
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author Mohammad Moharrami
Elaheh Vahab
Mobina Bagherianlemraski
Ghazal Hemmati
Sonica Singhal
Carlos Quinonez
Falk Schwendicke
Michael Glogauer
author_facet Mohammad Moharrami
Elaheh Vahab
Mobina Bagherianlemraski
Ghazal Hemmati
Sonica Singhal
Carlos Quinonez
Falk Schwendicke
Michael Glogauer
Mohammad Moharrami
Elaheh Vahab
Mobina Bagherianlemraski
Ghazal Hemmati
Sonica Singhal
Carlos Quinonez
Falk Schwendicke
Michael Glogauer
collection Wiley Open Access
contents Deep Learning for Detecting Dental Plaque and Gingivitis From Oral Photographs: A Systematic Review Mohammad Moharrami Elaheh Vahab Mobina Bagherianlemraski Ghazal Hemmati Sonica Singhal Carlos Quinonez Falk Schwendicke Michael Glogauer Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology ABSTRACT Objectives This systematic review aimed to evaluate the performance of deep learning (DL) models in detecting dental plaque and gingivitis from red, green, and blue (RGB) intraoral photographs. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted across Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases up to January 31, 2025. The methodological characteristics and performance metrics of studies developing and validating DL models for classification, detection, or segmentation tasks were analysed. The risk of bias was assessed using the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies 2 (QUADAS‐2) tool, and the certainty of the evidence was evaluated with the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) framework. Results From 3307 identified records, 23 studies met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 10 focused on dental plaque, 11 on gingivitis, and two addressed both outcomes. The risk of bias was low in all QUADAS‐2 domains for 11 studies, with low applicability concerns in nine. For dental plaque, DL models showed robust performance in the segmentation task, with intersection over union (IoU) values ranging from 0.64 to 0.86 (median 0.74). Three studies indicated that DL models outperformed dentists in identifying dental plaque when disclosing agents were not used. For gingivitis, the models demonstrated potential but underperformed compared to dental plaque, with IoU values ranging from 0.43 to 0.72 (median 0.63). The certainty of the evidence was moderate for dental plaque and low for gingivitis. Conclusions DL models demonstrate promising potential for detecting dental plaque and gingivitis from intraoral photographs, with superior performance in plaque detection. Leveraging accessible imaging devices such as smartphones, these models can enhance teledentistry and may facilitate early screening for periodontal disease. However, the lack of external testing, multicenter studies, and reporting consistency highlights the need for further research to ensure real‐world applicability. 10.1111/cdoe.70001 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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spellingShingle Deep Learning for Detecting Dental Plaque and Gingivitis From Oral Photographs: A Systematic Review
Mohammad Moharrami
Elaheh Vahab
Mobina Bagherianlemraski
Ghazal Hemmati
Sonica Singhal
Carlos Quinonez
Falk Schwendicke
Michael Glogauer
Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology
Deep Learning for Detecting Dental Plaque and Gingivitis From Oral Photographs: A Systematic Review Mohammad Moharrami Elaheh Vahab Mobina Bagherianlemraski Ghazal Hemmati Sonica Singhal Carlos Quinonez Falk Schwendicke Michael Glogauer Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology ABSTRACT Objectives This systematic review aimed to evaluate the performance of deep learning (DL) models in detecting dental plaque and gingivitis from red, green, and blue (RGB) intraoral photographs. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted across Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases up to January 31, 2025. The methodological characteristics and performance metrics of studies developing and validating DL models for classification, detection, or segmentation tasks were analysed. The risk of bias was assessed using the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies 2 (QUADAS‐2) tool, and the certainty of the evidence was evaluated with the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) framework. Results From 3307 identified records, 23 studies met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 10 focused on dental plaque, 11 on gingivitis, and two addressed both outcomes. The risk of bias was low in all QUADAS‐2 domains for 11 studies, with low applicability concerns in nine. For dental plaque, DL models showed robust performance in the segmentation task, with intersection over union (IoU) values ranging from 0.64 to 0.86 (median 0.74). Three studies indicated that DL models outperformed dentists in identifying dental plaque when disclosing agents were not used. For gingivitis, the models demonstrated potential but underperformed compared to dental plaque, with IoU values ranging from 0.43 to 0.72 (median 0.63). The certainty of the evidence was moderate for dental plaque and low for gingivitis. Conclusions DL models demonstrate promising potential for detecting dental plaque and gingivitis from intraoral photographs, with superior performance in plaque detection. Leveraging accessible imaging devices such as smartphones, these models can enhance teledentistry and may facilitate early screening for periodontal disease. However, the lack of external testing, multicenter studies, and reporting consistency highlights the need for further research to ensure real‐world applicability. 10.1111/cdoe.70001 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Deep Learning for Detecting Dental Plaque and Gingivitis From Oral Photographs: A Systematic Review
topic Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology
url https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cdoe.70001