Effect of a New Formulation Bleaching Gel Containing Nanosized β‐Calcium Glycerophosphate on Mechanical Properties, Color, and Cytotoxicity Response: In Vitro Study
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2025
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| author | Giovanna Lima Fortunato Klaus Rischka Rafael Antonio de Oliveira Ribeiro Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem Emerson Rodrigues de Camargo Marcelle Danelon |
| author_facet | Giovanna Lima Fortunato Klaus Rischka Rafael Antonio de Oliveira Ribeiro Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem Emerson Rodrigues de Camargo Marcelle Danelon Giovanna Lima Fortunato Klaus Rischka Rafael Antonio de Oliveira Ribeiro Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem Emerson Rodrigues de Camargo Marcelle Danelon |
| collection | Wiley Open Access |
| contents | Effect of a New Formulation Bleaching Gel Containing Nanosized β‐Calcium Glycerophosphate on Mechanical Properties, Color, and Cytotoxicity Response: In Vitro Study Giovanna Lima Fortunato Klaus Rischka Rafael Antonio de Oliveira Ribeiro Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem Emerson Rodrigues de Camargo Marcelle Danelon Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry ABSTRACTAimThis study aimed to evaluate, in vitro, the effects of fluoride (F) and nano‐sized β‐calcium glycerophosphate (β‐CaGPnano) added to a 35% H2O2 bleaching gel (HP) on the enamel hardness, morphological properties, the color change, trans‐amelodentinal diffusion of H2O2, and cytotoxicity.MethodsBovine enamel/dentin samples (n = 126) were divided according to the bleaching gel: a) 35% Hydrogen Peroxide (HP); b) HP Blue 35%—FGM—Produtos Odontológicos (HP Blue); c) HP + 0.1% NaF (HP/F); d) HP + 0.25%β‐CaGPnano (HP/0.25%β‐CaGPnano); e) HP + 0.1% NaF + 0.25%β‐CaGPnano (HP/F/0.25%β‐CaGPnano); f) HP + 0.5%β‐CaGPnano (HP/0.5%β‐CaGPnano); g) HP + 0.1% NaF + 0.5%β‐CaGPnano (HP/F/0.5%β‐CaGPnano). The bleaching gels were applied thrice (40 min/session) at 7‐day intervals between each application. Zeta potential (Zp), polydispersity index (PdI), percentage of loss of surface Vickers hardness (%VHN), surface roughness (Ra), color change, enamel surface morphology, trans‐amelodentinal penetration of H2O2, and cell viability (MDPC‐23 odontoblast‐like cells) were determined.ResultsSimilar ZP and PdI values were observed for all bleaching gels (p > 0.05). The treatment with HP/F/0.25%β‐CaGPnano resulted in a decrease in %VHN by 86.0%, 81.0%, and 66.0% compared to the HP, HP/F, and HP Blue gels (p < 0.05). For Ra, HP and HP Blue were similar (p > 0.05). All groups receiving F or β‐CaGPnano showed a significant increase in color change (p < 0.05). The F/0.5%β‐CaGPnano resulted in the lowest H2O2 diffusion/oxidative stress (p < 0.05). A significant reduction in cell viability was observed in all bleached groups compared to the NC (p < 0.05). The F and/or β‐CaGPnano gels resulted in the highest level of cell viability (p < 0.05).ConclusionWithin the limitations of the present study, it was concluded that the incorporation of fluoride and nano‐sized β‐calcium glycerophosphate (F/β‐CaGPnano) into the 35% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) bleaching gel significantly enhanced its whitening efficacy. The modified formulation also reduced enamel mineral loss when compared to the conventional gel. In addition, the presence of F/β‐CaGPnano promoted better morphological preservation of dental tissues and resulted in smoother enamel surfaces. Furthermore, the F/0.5%β‐CaGPnano formulation effectively reduced the trans‐amelodentinal diffusion of H2O2, leading to the lowest peroxide penetration and oxidative stress levels among the tested groups. Finally, the addition of fluoride and/or β‐CaGPnano reduced the cytotoxic effects and increased cell viability, demonstrating improved biocompatibility of the bleaching gel. 10.1111/jerd.13503 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/jerd.13503 |
| format | Artículo Open Access |
| id | wiley_oa_10_1111_jerd_13503 |
| institution | Wiley Open Access |
| license_str_mv | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | wiley_oa |
| spellingShingle | Effect of a New Formulation Bleaching Gel Containing Nanosized β‐Calcium Glycerophosphate on Mechanical Properties, Color, and Cytotoxicity Response: In Vitro Study Giovanna Lima Fortunato Klaus Rischka Rafael Antonio de Oliveira Ribeiro Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem Emerson Rodrigues de Camargo Marcelle Danelon Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry Effect of a New Formulation Bleaching Gel Containing Nanosized β‐Calcium Glycerophosphate on Mechanical Properties, Color, and Cytotoxicity Response: In Vitro Study Giovanna Lima Fortunato Klaus Rischka Rafael Antonio de Oliveira Ribeiro Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem Emerson Rodrigues de Camargo Marcelle Danelon Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry ABSTRACTAimThis study aimed to evaluate, in vitro, the effects of fluoride (F) and nano‐sized β‐calcium glycerophosphate (β‐CaGPnano) added to a 35% H2O2 bleaching gel (HP) on the enamel hardness, morphological properties, the color change, trans‐amelodentinal diffusion of H2O2, and cytotoxicity.MethodsBovine enamel/dentin samples (n = 126) were divided according to the bleaching gel: a) 35% Hydrogen Peroxide (HP); b) HP Blue 35%—FGM—Produtos Odontológicos (HP Blue); c) HP + 0.1% NaF (HP/F); d) HP + 0.25%β‐CaGPnano (HP/0.25%β‐CaGPnano); e) HP + 0.1% NaF + 0.25%β‐CaGPnano (HP/F/0.25%β‐CaGPnano); f) HP + 0.5%β‐CaGPnano (HP/0.5%β‐CaGPnano); g) HP + 0.1% NaF + 0.5%β‐CaGPnano (HP/F/0.5%β‐CaGPnano). The bleaching gels were applied thrice (40 min/session) at 7‐day intervals between each application. Zeta potential (Zp), polydispersity index (PdI), percentage of loss of surface Vickers hardness (%VHN), surface roughness (Ra), color change, enamel surface morphology, trans‐amelodentinal penetration of H2O2, and cell viability (MDPC‐23 odontoblast‐like cells) were determined.ResultsSimilar ZP and PdI values were observed for all bleaching gels (p > 0.05). The treatment with HP/F/0.25%β‐CaGPnano resulted in a decrease in %VHN by 86.0%, 81.0%, and 66.0% compared to the HP, HP/F, and HP Blue gels (p < 0.05). For Ra, HP and HP Blue were similar (p > 0.05). All groups receiving F or β‐CaGPnano showed a significant increase in color change (p < 0.05). The F/0.5%β‐CaGPnano resulted in the lowest H2O2 diffusion/oxidative stress (p < 0.05). A significant reduction in cell viability was observed in all bleached groups compared to the NC (p < 0.05). The F and/or β‐CaGPnano gels resulted in the highest level of cell viability (p < 0.05).ConclusionWithin the limitations of the present study, it was concluded that the incorporation of fluoride and nano‐sized β‐calcium glycerophosphate (F/β‐CaGPnano) into the 35% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) bleaching gel significantly enhanced its whitening efficacy. The modified formulation also reduced enamel mineral loss when compared to the conventional gel. In addition, the presence of F/β‐CaGPnano promoted better morphological preservation of dental tissues and resulted in smoother enamel surfaces. Furthermore, the F/0.5%β‐CaGPnano formulation effectively reduced the trans‐amelodentinal diffusion of H2O2, leading to the lowest peroxide penetration and oxidative stress levels among the tested groups. Finally, the addition of fluoride and/or β‐CaGPnano reduced the cytotoxic effects and increased cell viability, demonstrating improved biocompatibility of the bleaching gel. 10.1111/jerd.13503 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
| title | Effect of a New Formulation Bleaching Gel Containing Nanosized β‐Calcium Glycerophosphate on Mechanical Properties, Color, and Cytotoxicity Response: In Vitro Study |
| topic | Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry |
| url | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jerd.13503 |