An Empirical Study for European Countries: Factors Afecting Economic Growth and Self-Employment by Gender
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2020
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| author | González Sánchez, Victor Manuel Martínez Raya, Antonio de los Ríos Sastre, Susana |
| author_facet | González Sánchez, Victor Manuel Martínez Raya, Antonio de los Ríos Sastre, Susana |
| contents | <p>Abstract: In economic literature, the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic growth<br>has been widely discussed for some time now. In addition to the di erent theoretical approaches,<br>a considerable amount of empirical works in recent decades have sought to verify the direct link<br>between both variables by analyzing datasets from several distinct geographic areas. On one hand,<br>it highlights the absence of a common indicator to measure entrepreneurship in practice relating to<br>a country’s economic growth; on the other hand, it shows a great diversity of factors determining<br>them. With the aim of providing new empirical evidence in the field of European entrepreneurship,<br>this paper has analyzed data relating to 31 European countries over the last decade by introducing<br>self-employment as an empirical proxy of entrepreneurship. In particular, this study contrasts the<br>positive e ect of public expenditure, investment, human capital, and entrepreneurship on economic<br>growth for a wide range of countries and examines the impact of some economic and educational<br>variables on self-employment, such as unemployment, taxes, education, and early school leaving.<br>The estimation method used in this research had to consider the Ordinary Least Squares through a<br>multiple regression model of constant coecients based on annual Eurostat statistics for the period<br>of 2010 to 2019. The results obtained verify the positive e ect of public expenditure, investment,<br>human capital, and entrepreneurship on economic growth. Moreover, the analysis of other factors<br>a ecting entrepreneurship, segregated by gender, shows how unemployment and the level of<br>education have a positive impact on self-employment, while significant increases in the tax rate on<br>capital and early school leaving harmed such variable. No significant di erences were found between<br>males and females.</p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_3390_su12229450 |
| institution | Zenodo |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
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| spellingShingle | An Empirical Study for European Countries: Factors Afecting Economic Growth and Self-Employment by Gender González Sánchez, Victor Manuel Martínez Raya, Antonio de los Ríos Sastre, Susana entrepreneurship economic growth self-employment unemployment taxes education early school leaving <p>Abstract: In economic literature, the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic growth<br>has been widely discussed for some time now. In addition to the di erent theoretical approaches,<br>a considerable amount of empirical works in recent decades have sought to verify the direct link<br>between both variables by analyzing datasets from several distinct geographic areas. On one hand,<br>it highlights the absence of a common indicator to measure entrepreneurship in practice relating to<br>a country’s economic growth; on the other hand, it shows a great diversity of factors determining<br>them. With the aim of providing new empirical evidence in the field of European entrepreneurship,<br>this paper has analyzed data relating to 31 European countries over the last decade by introducing<br>self-employment as an empirical proxy of entrepreneurship. In particular, this study contrasts the<br>positive e ect of public expenditure, investment, human capital, and entrepreneurship on economic<br>growth for a wide range of countries and examines the impact of some economic and educational<br>variables on self-employment, such as unemployment, taxes, education, and early school leaving.<br>The estimation method used in this research had to consider the Ordinary Least Squares through a<br>multiple regression model of constant coecients based on annual Eurostat statistics for the period<br>of 2010 to 2019. The results obtained verify the positive e ect of public expenditure, investment,<br>human capital, and entrepreneurship on economic growth. Moreover, the analysis of other factors<br>a ecting entrepreneurship, segregated by gender, shows how unemployment and the level of<br>education have a positive impact on self-employment, while significant increases in the tax rate on<br>capital and early school leaving harmed such variable. No significant di erences were found between<br>males and females.</p> |
| title | An Empirical Study for European Countries: Factors Afecting Economic Growth and Self-Employment by Gender |
| topic | entrepreneurship economic growth self-employment unemployment taxes education early school leaving |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229450 |