A comprehensive Earth system model (AWI-ESM2.1) with interactive icebergs: effects on surface and deep-ocean characteristics
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| Format: | Recurso digital |
| Langue: | anglais |
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2024
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| _version_ | 1866901152224772096 |
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| author | Ackermann, Lars Rackow, Thomas Himstedt, Kai Gierz, Paul Knorr, Gregor Lohmann, Gerrit |
| author_facet | Ackermann, Lars Rackow, Thomas Himstedt, Kai Gierz, Paul Knorr, Gregor Lohmann, Gerrit |
| contents | <h1>Abstract</h1> <p>The explicit representation of cryospheric compo-<br>nents in Earth system models has become more and more<br>important over the last years. However, there are few ad-<br>vanced coupled Earth system models that employ interactive<br>icebergs, and most iceberg model studies focus on iceberg<br>trajectories or ocean surface conditions.<br>Here, we present multi-centennial simulations with a fully<br>coupled Earth system model including interactive icebergs<br>to assess the effects of heat and freshwater fluxes by ice-<br>berg melting on deep-ocean characteristics. The icebergs are<br>modeled as Lagrangian point particles and exchange heat<br>and freshwater fluxes with the ocean. They are seeded in the<br>Southern Ocean, following a realistic present-day size dis-<br>tribution. Total calving fluxes and the locations of discharge<br>are derived from an ice sheet model output which allows for<br>implementation in coupled climate–ice sheet models.<br>The simulations show a cooling of up to 0.2 K of deep-<br>ocean water masses in all ocean basins that propagates from<br>the southern high latitudes northward. We also find enhanced<br>deep-water formation in the continental shelf area of the Ross<br>Sea, a process commonly underestimated by current climate<br>models. The vertical stratification is weakened by enhanced<br>sea ice formation and duration due to the cooling effect of<br>iceberg melting, leading to a 10 % reduction of the buoy-<br>ancy frequency in the Ross Sea. The deep-water formation<br>in this region is increased by up to 10 %. By assessing the ef-<br>fects of heat and freshwater fluxes individually, we find latent<br>heat flux to be the main driver of these water mass changes.</p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5194_gmd-17-3279-2024 |
| institution | Zenodo |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
| record_format | zenodo |
| spellingShingle | A comprehensive Earth system model (AWI-ESM2.1) with interactive icebergs: effects on surface and deep-ocean characteristics Ackermann, Lars Rackow, Thomas Himstedt, Kai Gierz, Paul Knorr, Gregor Lohmann, Gerrit <h1>Abstract</h1> <p>The explicit representation of cryospheric compo-<br>nents in Earth system models has become more and more<br>important over the last years. However, there are few ad-<br>vanced coupled Earth system models that employ interactive<br>icebergs, and most iceberg model studies focus on iceberg<br>trajectories or ocean surface conditions.<br>Here, we present multi-centennial simulations with a fully<br>coupled Earth system model including interactive icebergs<br>to assess the effects of heat and freshwater fluxes by ice-<br>berg melting on deep-ocean characteristics. The icebergs are<br>modeled as Lagrangian point particles and exchange heat<br>and freshwater fluxes with the ocean. They are seeded in the<br>Southern Ocean, following a realistic present-day size dis-<br>tribution. Total calving fluxes and the locations of discharge<br>are derived from an ice sheet model output which allows for<br>implementation in coupled climate–ice sheet models.<br>The simulations show a cooling of up to 0.2 K of deep-<br>ocean water masses in all ocean basins that propagates from<br>the southern high latitudes northward. We also find enhanced<br>deep-water formation in the continental shelf area of the Ross<br>Sea, a process commonly underestimated by current climate<br>models. The vertical stratification is weakened by enhanced<br>sea ice formation and duration due to the cooling effect of<br>iceberg melting, leading to a 10 % reduction of the buoy-<br>ancy frequency in the Ross Sea. The deep-water formation<br>in this region is increased by up to 10 %. By assessing the ef-<br>fects of heat and freshwater fluxes individually, we find latent<br>heat flux to be the main driver of these water mass changes.</p> |
| title | A comprehensive Earth system model (AWI-ESM2.1) with interactive icebergs: effects on surface and deep-ocean characteristics |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3279-2024 |