Acalypha indica L.
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2023
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| author | Muñoz, Iris Montero Levin, Geoffrey A. Cardiel, José María |
| author_facet | Muñoz, Iris Montero Levin, Geoffrey A. Cardiel, José María |
| contents | <p><b>21. <i>Acalypha indica</i> L.</b></p><p><i>Species Plantarum</i> 2: 1003 (Linnaeus 1753). —</p><p>Type: <b>India</b>. s.l., s.d., <i>Herb. Hermann 3: 2, 434</i>. (lecto-, designated by Radcliffe-Smith [1986: 65]: BM [BM000621782]; isolecto-, BM [BM000621236]).</p><p>ICONOGRAPHY. — Rheede tot Drakestein (1692: t. 81); Anonymous (1694 -1718: t. 215); Kirtikar & Basu (1918: t. 874); Fig. 46A.</p><p>ETYMOLOGY. — The epithet refers to India, the locality of the type collection.</p><p>DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. — <i>Acalypha indica</i> is widely distributed in the Paleotropics and introduced in the Americas (Cardiel <i>et al.</i> 2023 in press); it probably is introduced in Madagascar (Diana, Analamanga, and Ihorombe), the Comoros Archipelago (Anjouan, Moheli and Mayotte), the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and La Réunion), the Seychelles (Inner and Outer islands), and the Scattered Islands (Glorioso Islands). It is a weedy species associated with cultivated areas, paths, and beaches. Altitudinal range sea level to 450 m (Fig. 37).</p><p>PRELIMINARY CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT. — <i>Acalypha indica</i> is widely distributed in the Paleotropics; it has a large EOO and AOO, exceeding the threshold of any threat category. Therefore, we assess <i>A. indica</i> as Least Concern (LC).</p><p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 94 collections. <b>Comoros Archipelago</b>: <i>Barthelat, F. 113</i> (K, G, MAO, MO[MO-2966222], P[P00229090]), <i>170</i> (G, K, MAO, MO[MO-2966225], P[P00229156]); <i>Boivin, L.H. s.n.</i> (P[P00196285]), <i>s.n.</i> (P[P00196286]), <i>s.n.</i> (P[P00196287]); <i>D’Arcy, W.G. 17553</i> (MO [MO-2966220]); <i>Floret, J.J. 1196</i> (P[P00184951]), <i>1197</i> (P[P00184952]); <i>Hildebrandt, J.M. 1660</i> (P[P00196289]); <i>Hoffmann, P. 413</i> (K, MAO, MO[MO-2966227], P[P00538301], TAN); <i>Labat, J.-N. 3314</i> (P[P00209769]); <i>Lartigau, C. 19</i> (P[P00246081]); <i>Pignal, M. 1075</i> (P[P00157183]); <i>Pobéguin, C.H.O. 14</i> (P[P00196234, P00196235]); <i>Rakotozafy, A. 1194</i> (P[P05547071]); <i>Rouhan, G. 33</i> (P[P00205950]); <i>Waterlot, M. 884</i> (P[P00196290]).</p><p><b>Madagascar</b>. <i>Bosser, M.J. 13231</i> (P[P04779813]); <i>d’Alleizette, Ch. 1240 M</i> (P[P00508397]); <i>Debray, M.M. 1584-D</i> (P[P04779834, P04779835]); <i>Hildebrandt, J.M. 2915</i> (BREM [BREM_0001791], G, L[L0241703], P[P00508393, P00508394, P00508395, P00508396]); <i>Humblot, L. 18</i> (P[P00508392]); <i>Perrier de la Bâthie, H. 9592</i> (P[P00508391]); <i>Pervillé, A. 729</i> (P[P00508390]); <i>Rotereau, L. s.n.</i> (P[P05510099]); <i>Viguier, R. 104</i> (P[P00508389, P05481896]).</p><p><b>Mauritius</b>. <i>Anonymous s.n.</i> (G[G00324726]); <i>Ayres, P. 62</i> (K); <i>Bonnay, M. s.n.</i> (P[P04779496]); <i>Bouton, L. 22</i> (P[P04779493]); <i>s.n.</i> (G[G00324716]), <i>s.n.</i> (G[G00324720]); <i>Commerson, P. 649</i> (L[L0241705]), <i>651</i> (P[P04779489]); <i>Coode, M.J.E. 4423</i> (K); <i>Cowper, S.G. 59</i> (K); <i>Guého, J. 17350</i> (K); <i>Hering? s.n.</i> (P[P04779502]); <i>Jussieu, A. s.n.</i> (P[P04779495]); <i>Lorence, D. 1339</i> (MO [MO-2966226]). <b>La Réunion</b>. <i>Anonymous s.n.</i> (P[P04779504]); <i>Boivin, L.H. 1389</i> (P[P04779494]); <i>Bosser, M.J. 9389</i> (P[P04779491, P04779492]); <i>Commerson, P.s.n.</i> (P[P04779488]); <i>Desvaux, A.N. 10</i> (P[P04779503]); <i>du Petit-Thouars, L.M.A. s.n.</i> (P[P04779499]), <i>s.n.</i> (P[P04779500]); <i>Friedmann, F. 1585</i> (P[P04779501]); <i>Richard, M. 667</i> (GH, P[P04779498]), <i>s.n.</i> (P[P04779490]), <i>s.n</i>. (P[P04779497]).</p><p><b>Scattered Islands</b>. <i>Frazier, J. 105</i> (US [US 01287375]).</p><p><b>Seychelles</b>. <i>Alluaud, R. s.n.</i> (GH, P[P04779487]); <i>Anonymous s.n.</i> (P[P04779486]); <i>Blackmore, S.B. 77407</i> (K); <i>Brunet 035</i> (K); <i>Cherbonnier s.n.</i> (P[P04779829]); <i>Fosberg, F.R. 48688</i> (GH [GH01097240], MO[MO-2966229], NY[NY3091187], US[US01287383]), <i>49844</i> (MO [MO-2966224]), <i>52070</i> (MO [MO-2966230], US[US01287382]); <i>Frazier, J. 30</i> (K), <i>513</i> (US [US01287374]), <i>802</i> (US [US01287373]); <i>Friedmann, F. 3545</i> (P[P00887492]), <i>4673</i> (P[P00887491]); <i>Gardiner, J.S. 9</i> (K), <i>27</i> (K), <i>143</i> (K); <i>Gwynne 874</i> (K); <i>Hebert, H. I. 103</i> (GH [GH01097241]); <i>Horne, J. 312</i> (K); <i>Jeffrey, C. 709</i> (L[L0241693], NY, P[P00887490]); <i>Lombat, M. 408</i> (K); <i>Procter, J. 4045</i> (K), <i>4224</i> (K), <i>4322</i> (K), <i>4347</i> (K); <i>Renvoize, S. A. 721</i> (BR [BR0000014627996], L[L0241691], P[P05481874]), <i>1151</i> (BR [BR0000014628009], P[P05481873]), <i>1155</i> (BR [BR0000014624612], L[L0241251, L0241252]); <i>Robertson, S.A. 2443</i> (MO [MO-2966228], PRE, US[US01287372], WAG[WAG.1931643]), <i>2494</i> (K), <i>2716</i> (K), <i>3044</i> (K); <i>3146</i> (K); <i>Rotereau, L. s.n.</i> (P[P05510098]); <i>Stodd, D.R. 1382</i> (K), <i>1459</i> (K); <i>Stoddart, D.R. 7082</i> (MO [MO-2966221], NY[NY3091188]); <i>Wood, D. 1452</i> (K), <i>1469</i> (K); <i>Wright, P.A. 16</i> (K), <i>25</i> (K).</p><p>REFERENCES. — Bojer (1837: 285); Baillon (1861: 274); Müller Argoviensis (1865: 42; 1866: 868); Baker (1877: 314); Müller Argoviensis (1882: 27); Baillon (1895b: 1197); Cordemoy (1895: 342); Palacký (1907: 25); Voeltzkow (1917: 447); Hemsley (1919: 148); Pax & Hoffmann (1924: 33); Leandri (1935: 43); Leandri (1942: 256); Renvoize (1975: 152); Coode (1982: 69, 78); Robertson (1989: 200); Govaerts <i>et al.</i> (2000: 68); Sagun <i>et al.</i> (2006: 124); Montero Muñoz <i>et al.</i> (2018a: 99).</p><p>DESCRIPTION</p><p>Annual herbs, to 0.6(-0.8) m tall, monoecious. <b>Branches</b> tomentose to laxly pubescent with simple, curved trichomes, sometimes also with sparse short, subsessile,glandular trichomes, glabrescent when mature. <b>Axillary buds</b> naked, pubescent with simple, short, appressed trichomes. <b>Stipules</b> to 1 mm long, triangular-lanceolate, margin hispidulous-ciliate and with some sessile glands. <b>Petioles</b> slender, (1.5-) 2.5-6.5 cm long, indumentum similar to that on young branches. <b>Leaf blades</b> (1.5-)2-4(-6) × (1-)1.5-3(-3.5) cm, usually broadly ovate-lanceolate, sometimes spathulate or subrhombic, membranous; <b>base</b> cuneate; <b>apex</b> acute to subacuminate; <b>margin</b> entire toward base, serrate above, teeth subacute, callose-edged; <b>upper surface</b> subglabrous, with simple, short, appressed trichomes on veins; <b>lower surface</b> laxly pubescent to subglabrous; venation actinodromous, basal veins 3 or 5, secondary veins 4-5 per side. <b>Stipels</b> absent. <b>Inflorescences</b> spiciform, androgynous, axillary, to 9 cm long, mostly female with short male segment; peduncle to 10 mm long, pubescent with simple trichomes, sometimes also with some subsessile glandular trichomes. <b>Female segment</b> laxly flowered, to 8 cm long; <b>bracts</b> 7-9, sessile, enlarging in fruit to 8 × 12 mm, reniform, sparsely hairy with simple, curved trichomes; margin crenate-denticulate, teeth 8-9, broadly triangular, central tooth not prominent; <b>bracteoles</b> absent. <b>Male segment</b> persistent, to 1.5 cm long; flowers glomerate; <b>bracts</b> to 0.8 mm long, elliptic-lanceolate, sparsely hairy. <b>Male flowers</b>: pedicel to 0.5 mm long, sparsely hairy;buds 0.5 mm diameter, sparsely hairy. <b>Female flowers</b> 1 per bract, sessile; <b>sepals</b> 3, to 0.5 mm long, triangular-lanceolate, ciliate; <b>ovary</b> <i>c.</i> 0.5 mm diameter, 3-lobed, smooth, surface pubescent; <b>styles</b> 3, to 4 mm long, distinct, glabrous, each divided into 1-2 segments. <b>Allomorphic flowers</b> sometimes present at inflorescence apex; pedicel filiform, to 5 mm long, sparsely hairy; sepals 3, to 0.5 mm long, lanceolate, ciliate; ovary 1-lobed, to 2 × 3 mm, pubescent, distally fimbriate; style 1, to 1.5 mm long, glabrous. <b>Capsules</b> to 2 mm diameter, smooth, surface pubescent. <b>Seeds</b> <i>c.</i> 1.5 × 1 mm, pyriform, minutely foveolate.</p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_10672161 |
| institution | Zenodo |
| language | |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
| record_format | zenodo |
| spellingShingle | Acalypha indica L. Muñoz, Iris Montero Levin, Geoffrey A. Cardiel, José María Biodiversity Taxonomy Plantae Tracheophyta Magnoliopsida Malpighiales Euphorbiaceae Acalypha Acalypha indica <p><b>21. <i>Acalypha indica</i> L.</b></p><p><i>Species Plantarum</i> 2: 1003 (Linnaeus 1753). —</p><p>Type: <b>India</b>. s.l., s.d., <i>Herb. Hermann 3: 2, 434</i>. (lecto-, designated by Radcliffe-Smith [1986: 65]: BM [BM000621782]; isolecto-, BM [BM000621236]).</p><p>ICONOGRAPHY. — Rheede tot Drakestein (1692: t. 81); Anonymous (1694 -1718: t. 215); Kirtikar & Basu (1918: t. 874); Fig. 46A.</p><p>ETYMOLOGY. — The epithet refers to India, the locality of the type collection.</p><p>DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. — <i>Acalypha indica</i> is widely distributed in the Paleotropics and introduced in the Americas (Cardiel <i>et al.</i> 2023 in press); it probably is introduced in Madagascar (Diana, Analamanga, and Ihorombe), the Comoros Archipelago (Anjouan, Moheli and Mayotte), the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and La Réunion), the Seychelles (Inner and Outer islands), and the Scattered Islands (Glorioso Islands). It is a weedy species associated with cultivated areas, paths, and beaches. Altitudinal range sea level to 450 m (Fig. 37).</p><p>PRELIMINARY CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT. — <i>Acalypha indica</i> is widely distributed in the Paleotropics; it has a large EOO and AOO, exceeding the threshold of any threat category. Therefore, we assess <i>A. indica</i> as Least Concern (LC).</p><p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 94 collections. <b>Comoros Archipelago</b>: <i>Barthelat, F. 113</i> (K, G, MAO, MO[MO-2966222], P[P00229090]), <i>170</i> (G, K, MAO, MO[MO-2966225], P[P00229156]); <i>Boivin, L.H. s.n.</i> (P[P00196285]), <i>s.n.</i> (P[P00196286]), <i>s.n.</i> (P[P00196287]); <i>D’Arcy, W.G. 17553</i> (MO [MO-2966220]); <i>Floret, J.J. 1196</i> (P[P00184951]), <i>1197</i> (P[P00184952]); <i>Hildebrandt, J.M. 1660</i> (P[P00196289]); <i>Hoffmann, P. 413</i> (K, MAO, MO[MO-2966227], P[P00538301], TAN); <i>Labat, J.-N. 3314</i> (P[P00209769]); <i>Lartigau, C. 19</i> (P[P00246081]); <i>Pignal, M. 1075</i> (P[P00157183]); <i>Pobéguin, C.H.O. 14</i> (P[P00196234, P00196235]); <i>Rakotozafy, A. 1194</i> (P[P05547071]); <i>Rouhan, G. 33</i> (P[P00205950]); <i>Waterlot, M. 884</i> (P[P00196290]).</p><p><b>Madagascar</b>. <i>Bosser, M.J. 13231</i> (P[P04779813]); <i>d’Alleizette, Ch. 1240 M</i> (P[P00508397]); <i>Debray, M.M. 1584-D</i> (P[P04779834, P04779835]); <i>Hildebrandt, J.M. 2915</i> (BREM [BREM_0001791], G, L[L0241703], P[P00508393, P00508394, P00508395, P00508396]); <i>Humblot, L. 18</i> (P[P00508392]); <i>Perrier de la Bâthie, H. 9592</i> (P[P00508391]); <i>Pervillé, A. 729</i> (P[P00508390]); <i>Rotereau, L. s.n.</i> (P[P05510099]); <i>Viguier, R. 104</i> (P[P00508389, P05481896]).</p><p><b>Mauritius</b>. <i>Anonymous s.n.</i> (G[G00324726]); <i>Ayres, P. 62</i> (K); <i>Bonnay, M. s.n.</i> (P[P04779496]); <i>Bouton, L. 22</i> (P[P04779493]); <i>s.n.</i> (G[G00324716]), <i>s.n.</i> (G[G00324720]); <i>Commerson, P. 649</i> (L[L0241705]), <i>651</i> (P[P04779489]); <i>Coode, M.J.E. 4423</i> (K); <i>Cowper, S.G. 59</i> (K); <i>Guého, J. 17350</i> (K); <i>Hering? s.n.</i> (P[P04779502]); <i>Jussieu, A. s.n.</i> (P[P04779495]); <i>Lorence, D. 1339</i> (MO [MO-2966226]). <b>La Réunion</b>. <i>Anonymous s.n.</i> (P[P04779504]); <i>Boivin, L.H. 1389</i> (P[P04779494]); <i>Bosser, M.J. 9389</i> (P[P04779491, P04779492]); <i>Commerson, P.s.n.</i> (P[P04779488]); <i>Desvaux, A.N. 10</i> (P[P04779503]); <i>du Petit-Thouars, L.M.A. s.n.</i> (P[P04779499]), <i>s.n.</i> (P[P04779500]); <i>Friedmann, F. 1585</i> (P[P04779501]); <i>Richard, M. 667</i> (GH, P[P04779498]), <i>s.n.</i> (P[P04779490]), <i>s.n</i>. (P[P04779497]).</p><p><b>Scattered Islands</b>. <i>Frazier, J. 105</i> (US [US 01287375]).</p><p><b>Seychelles</b>. <i>Alluaud, R. s.n.</i> (GH, P[P04779487]); <i>Anonymous s.n.</i> (P[P04779486]); <i>Blackmore, S.B. 77407</i> (K); <i>Brunet 035</i> (K); <i>Cherbonnier s.n.</i> (P[P04779829]); <i>Fosberg, F.R. 48688</i> (GH [GH01097240], MO[MO-2966229], NY[NY3091187], US[US01287383]), <i>49844</i> (MO [MO-2966224]), <i>52070</i> (MO [MO-2966230], US[US01287382]); <i>Frazier, J. 30</i> (K), <i>513</i> (US [US01287374]), <i>802</i> (US [US01287373]); <i>Friedmann, F. 3545</i> (P[P00887492]), <i>4673</i> (P[P00887491]); <i>Gardiner, J.S. 9</i> (K), <i>27</i> (K), <i>143</i> (K); <i>Gwynne 874</i> (K); <i>Hebert, H. I. 103</i> (GH [GH01097241]); <i>Horne, J. 312</i> (K); <i>Jeffrey, C. 709</i> (L[L0241693], NY, P[P00887490]); <i>Lombat, M. 408</i> (K); <i>Procter, J. 4045</i> (K), <i>4224</i> (K), <i>4322</i> (K), <i>4347</i> (K); <i>Renvoize, S. A. 721</i> (BR [BR0000014627996], L[L0241691], P[P05481874]), <i>1151</i> (BR [BR0000014628009], P[P05481873]), <i>1155</i> (BR [BR0000014624612], L[L0241251, L0241252]); <i>Robertson, S.A. 2443</i> (MO [MO-2966228], PRE, US[US01287372], WAG[WAG.1931643]), <i>2494</i> (K), <i>2716</i> (K), <i>3044</i> (K); <i>3146</i> (K); <i>Rotereau, L. s.n.</i> (P[P05510098]); <i>Stodd, D.R. 1382</i> (K), <i>1459</i> (K); <i>Stoddart, D.R. 7082</i> (MO [MO-2966221], NY[NY3091188]); <i>Wood, D. 1452</i> (K), <i>1469</i> (K); <i>Wright, P.A. 16</i> (K), <i>25</i> (K).</p><p>REFERENCES. — Bojer (1837: 285); Baillon (1861: 274); Müller Argoviensis (1865: 42; 1866: 868); Baker (1877: 314); Müller Argoviensis (1882: 27); Baillon (1895b: 1197); Cordemoy (1895: 342); Palacký (1907: 25); Voeltzkow (1917: 447); Hemsley (1919: 148); Pax & Hoffmann (1924: 33); Leandri (1935: 43); Leandri (1942: 256); Renvoize (1975: 152); Coode (1982: 69, 78); Robertson (1989: 200); Govaerts <i>et al.</i> (2000: 68); Sagun <i>et al.</i> (2006: 124); Montero Muñoz <i>et al.</i> (2018a: 99).</p><p>DESCRIPTION</p><p>Annual herbs, to 0.6(-0.8) m tall, monoecious. <b>Branches</b> tomentose to laxly pubescent with simple, curved trichomes, sometimes also with sparse short, subsessile,glandular trichomes, glabrescent when mature. <b>Axillary buds</b> naked, pubescent with simple, short, appressed trichomes. <b>Stipules</b> to 1 mm long, triangular-lanceolate, margin hispidulous-ciliate and with some sessile glands. <b>Petioles</b> slender, (1.5-) 2.5-6.5 cm long, indumentum similar to that on young branches. <b>Leaf blades</b> (1.5-)2-4(-6) × (1-)1.5-3(-3.5) cm, usually broadly ovate-lanceolate, sometimes spathulate or subrhombic, membranous; <b>base</b> cuneate; <b>apex</b> acute to subacuminate; <b>margin</b> entire toward base, serrate above, teeth subacute, callose-edged; <b>upper surface</b> subglabrous, with simple, short, appressed trichomes on veins; <b>lower surface</b> laxly pubescent to subglabrous; venation actinodromous, basal veins 3 or 5, secondary veins 4-5 per side. <b>Stipels</b> absent. <b>Inflorescences</b> spiciform, androgynous, axillary, to 9 cm long, mostly female with short male segment; peduncle to 10 mm long, pubescent with simple trichomes, sometimes also with some subsessile glandular trichomes. <b>Female segment</b> laxly flowered, to 8 cm long; <b>bracts</b> 7-9, sessile, enlarging in fruit to 8 × 12 mm, reniform, sparsely hairy with simple, curved trichomes; margin crenate-denticulate, teeth 8-9, broadly triangular, central tooth not prominent; <b>bracteoles</b> absent. <b>Male segment</b> persistent, to 1.5 cm long; flowers glomerate; <b>bracts</b> to 0.8 mm long, elliptic-lanceolate, sparsely hairy. <b>Male flowers</b>: pedicel to 0.5 mm long, sparsely hairy;buds 0.5 mm diameter, sparsely hairy. <b>Female flowers</b> 1 per bract, sessile; <b>sepals</b> 3, to 0.5 mm long, triangular-lanceolate, ciliate; <b>ovary</b> <i>c.</i> 0.5 mm diameter, 3-lobed, smooth, surface pubescent; <b>styles</b> 3, to 4 mm long, distinct, glabrous, each divided into 1-2 segments. <b>Allomorphic flowers</b> sometimes present at inflorescence apex; pedicel filiform, to 5 mm long, sparsely hairy; sepals 3, to 0.5 mm long, lanceolate, ciliate; ovary 1-lobed, to 2 × 3 mm, pubescent, distally fimbriate; style 1, to 1.5 mm long, glabrous. <b>Capsules</b> to 2 mm diameter, smooth, surface pubescent. <b>Seeds</b> <i>c.</i> 1.5 × 1 mm, pyriform, minutely foveolate.</p> |
| title | Acalypha indica L. |
| topic | Biodiversity Taxonomy Plantae Tracheophyta Magnoliopsida Malpighiales Euphorbiaceae Acalypha Acalypha indica |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10672161 |