The challenge of using experimental infectivity data in risk assessment for Ebola virus: why ecology may be important
Fuente:
Zenodo
Enregistré dans:
| Auteurs principaux: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Recurso digital |
| Publié: |
Zenodo
2016
|
| Sujets: | |
| Accès en ligne: | |
| Tags: |
Ajouter un tag
Pas de tags, Soyez le premier à ajouter un tag!
|
| _version_ | 1866902234830209024 |
|---|---|
| author | Gale, P. Simons, R. R. L. Horigan, V. Snary, E. L. Fooks, A. R. Drew, T. W. |
| author_facet | Gale, P. Simons, R. R. L. Horigan, V. Snary, E. L. Fooks, A. R. Drew, T. W. |
| contents | (Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Analysis of published data shows that experimental passaging of Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) in guinea pigs changes the risk of infection per plaque-forming unit (PFU), increasing infectivity to some species while decreasing infectivity to others. Thus, a PFU of monkey-adapted EBOV is 10(7) -fold more lethal to mice than a PFU adapted to guinea pigs. The first conclusion is that the infectivity of EBOV to humans may depend on the identity of the donor species itself and, on the basis of limited epidemiological data, the question is raised as to whether bat-adapted EBOV is less infectious to humans than nonhuman primate (NHP)-adapted EBOV. Wildlife species such as bats, duikers and NHPs are naturally infected by EBOV through different species giving rise to EBOV with different wildlife species-passage histories (heritages). Based on the ecology of these wildlife species, three broad 'types' of EBOV-infected bushmeat are postulated reflecting differences in the number of passages within a given species, and hence the degree of adaptation of the EBOV present. The second conclusion is that the prior species-transmission chain may affect the infectivity to humans per PFU for EBOV from individuals of the same species. This is supported by the finding that the related Marburg marburgvirus requires ten passages in mice to fully adapt. It is even possible that the evolutionary trajectory of EBOV could vary in individuals of the same species giving rise to variants which are more or less virulent to humans and that the probability of a given trajectory is related to the heritage. Overall the ecology of the donor species (e.g. dog or bushmeat species) at the level of the individual animal itself may determine the risk of infection per PFU to humans reflecting the heritage of the virus and may contribute to the sporadic nature of EBOV outbreaks. |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_13532643 |
| institution | Zenodo |
| language | |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
| record_format | zenodo |
| spellingShingle | The challenge of using experimental infectivity data in risk assessment for Ebola virus: why ecology may be important Gale, P. Simons, R. R. L. Horigan, V. Snary, E. L. Fooks, A. R. Drew, T. W. Animals Animals, Wild Disease Models, Animal Dogs Ebola virus Ebolavirus Ecology Guinea Pigs Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola Humans Mice Risk Assessment Virulence dose-response ecology passage wildlife Biodiversity Mammalia Chiroptera Chordata Animalia bats bat (Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Analysis of published data shows that experimental passaging of Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) in guinea pigs changes the risk of infection per plaque-forming unit (PFU), increasing infectivity to some species while decreasing infectivity to others. Thus, a PFU of monkey-adapted EBOV is 10(7) -fold more lethal to mice than a PFU adapted to guinea pigs. The first conclusion is that the infectivity of EBOV to humans may depend on the identity of the donor species itself and, on the basis of limited epidemiological data, the question is raised as to whether bat-adapted EBOV is less infectious to humans than nonhuman primate (NHP)-adapted EBOV. Wildlife species such as bats, duikers and NHPs are naturally infected by EBOV through different species giving rise to EBOV with different wildlife species-passage histories (heritages). Based on the ecology of these wildlife species, three broad 'types' of EBOV-infected bushmeat are postulated reflecting differences in the number of passages within a given species, and hence the degree of adaptation of the EBOV present. The second conclusion is that the prior species-transmission chain may affect the infectivity to humans per PFU for EBOV from individuals of the same species. This is supported by the finding that the related Marburg marburgvirus requires ten passages in mice to fully adapt. It is even possible that the evolutionary trajectory of EBOV could vary in individuals of the same species giving rise to variants which are more or less virulent to humans and that the probability of a given trajectory is related to the heritage. Overall the ecology of the donor species (e.g. dog or bushmeat species) at the level of the individual animal itself may determine the risk of infection per PFU to humans reflecting the heritage of the virus and may contribute to the sporadic nature of EBOV outbreaks. |
| title | The challenge of using experimental infectivity data in risk assessment for Ebola virus: why ecology may be important |
| topic | Animals Animals, Wild Disease Models, Animal Dogs Ebola virus Ebolavirus Ecology Guinea Pigs Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola Humans Mice Risk Assessment Virulence dose-response ecology passage wildlife Biodiversity Mammalia Chiroptera Chordata Animalia bats bat |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13532643 |