Purpurata Xue, Lu & Du, 2024, gen. nov.
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| author | Xue, Xin-Lei Lu, Xiao-Qiang Du, Xi-Cui |
| author_facet | Xue, Xin-Lei Lu, Xiao-Qiang Du, Xi-Cui |
| contents | <p><i>Purpurata</i> gen. nov.</p><p><b>Type species.</b></p><p><i>Purpurata directa</i> sp. nov., here designated.</p><p><b>Diagnosis.</b></p><p><i>Purpurata</i> is readily distinguished from its phylogenetic sister genus <i>Nosophora</i> (type species: <i>Botys dispilalis</i> Hampson, 1896) by the yellow wings with their purple-brown lines and patches, while in <i>Nosophora</i>, the wings are dark shiny brown and feature a large, comma-shaped spot in the forewing. Furthermore, the vertex of the head is hollowed out in males of <i>N. dispilalis</i> (see Lederer 1863: pl. 4 fig. 24 (misidentified as <i>N. chironalis</i>); Hampson 1896: 288), whereas it is rounded in <i>Purpurata</i> species (Fig. 2). In <i>Purpurata</i>, compared to the similar genera <i>Patania</i> and <i>Nagiella</i>, the uncus is arc-shaped on the posterior margin, the valva is shorter and broader than those of the latter two, and the fibula is shorter and smaller in male genitalia; the apophyses anteriores is not broadened or very slightly broadened near the base in the female genitalia. Comparatively, in <i>Patania</i> and <i>Nagiella</i>, the uncus is generally trapezoidal (except that <i>N. bispina</i> has a rather short and broad uncus, with rounded posterior margin), and the fibula are generally well developed and sclerotized; the apophyses anteriores broaden rhomboidally near the base. In addition, in <i>Purpurata</i>, the gnathos is present and setose apically, generally undeveloped (except that <i>P. iopasalis</i> and <i>P. shompen</i> have well-developed gnathos). <i>Patania</i> species usually lack a gnathos, and a few species have a gnathos but no setae at the apex. <i>Nagiella</i> species generally have a gnathos, but no setae at the apex. In <i>Purpurata</i>, the phallus has a protruding sclerotized structure at the posterior end, with a thick needle-like or spine-like cornutus and a brush-like cornutus. Comparatively, the phallus of <i>Patania</i> and <i>Nagiella</i> lack a protruding sclerotized structure posteriorly. <i>Patania</i> species have, or lack, a cornutus (if present, diverse morphologically), and <i>Nagiella</i> species generally lack a cornutus (except for <i>N. bispina</i> with a curved hook cornutus). The compared characters here are present in the type species of <i>Patania</i> and <i>Nagiella</i>, <i>Botys concatenalis</i>, and <i>Nagia desmialis</i> respectively, which were fully investigated in our study.</p><p><b>Description.</b></p><p><b><i>Habitus</i>.</b> Body and wings yellow, with purple-brown wing markings. Frons rounded. Labial palpus upturned, exposed 3 rd joint short and blunt (Fig. 2). Antenna filiform, male with ventral cilia. Forewing with length of cell ~ 1 / 2 of wing; discocellulars incurved; R from cell at ~ 5 / 6 above; Rs 2 anastomosed with Rs 3 ~ 3 / 5 of Rs 3 beyond cell; Rs 1 close to Rs 2 + s 3; Rs 4 slightly curved towards Rs 2 + s 3 at base; M 2, M 3 and CuA 1 from posterior angle of cell and uniformly spaced at the base; CuA 2 from cell at ~ 2 / 3 below. Hindwing with length of cell ~ 1 / 3 of wing; discocellulars incurved; Sc + R anastomosed with Rs ~ 1 / 5 beyond the cell; M 2, M 3 and CuA 1 separately from posterior angle cell; CuA 2 from cell at 2 / 3 below (Figs 3, 4). Abdomen yellow dorsally; 1 st and 2 nd tergites with black spots laterally and 7 th tergites black posteriorly in male. Tympanal organs with praecinctorium strongly bifid (Fig. 5).</p><p><b><i>Male genitalia</i>.</b> Uncus short and broad, with arc-shaped posterior margin, except for <i>P. iopasalis</i> with narrowed apex of uncus. Gnathos present and bearing setae apically, or vestigial to a transverse band. Valva ligulate, relatively broad and short generally. Fibula small and membranous, with setae. Sacculus undeveloped. Phallus cylindrical, with a protruding sclerotized structure posteriorly, with a thick needle-like or spine-like cornutus and a brush-like cornutus composed of a spine cluster, and a granular sclerotized area near the middle.</p><p><b><i>Female genitalia</i>.</b> Apophyses anteriores longer than apophyses posteriores, occasionally slightly broadened near base. Antrum sclerotized. Ductus bursae usually long and slender. Corpus bursae round or oval, usually with a round signum.</p><p><b>Distribution.</b></p><p>This genus is mainly distributed in the Palaearctic and Oriental realms. And <i>P. plagiatalis</i> is also found in the Neotropical and Australasian realms, <i>P. iopasalis</i> is also found in the Australasian realms.</p><p><b>Etymology.</b></p><p>The genus name <i>Purpurata</i> is derived from the Latin word <i>purpuratus</i> meaning purple, indicating the distinctive purple-brown coloration of wing markings. The gender is feminine.</p><p><b>Remarks.</b></p><p>This new genus comprises four known species from the genus <i>Patania</i> of Spilomelinae, and two new species described in the present study. It corresponds to the main diagnostic characters of Crambidae: forewing with vein R S 4 free and with oval sclerotization costad at base of vein 1 A + 2 A; bullae tympani open cephalad; tympanum and conjunctivum lying at a blunt angle; praecinctorium present; and male genitalia without uncus arms. Further, it corresponds to the main diagnostic characters of Spilomelinae: fornix tympani projecting ventrad from tympanic frame; praecinctorium bilobed; retinacular hook absent; and females with two frenular bristles. Moreover, based on the Agroterini characters stated in Mally et al. (2019), labial palps upturned and 3 rd labial palpomere directed dorsally; uncus with a broad base, head chaetae simple and unsplit; the ratio between saccus length and sacculus breadth> 1, we place this genus in the tribe Agroterini.</p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_14261646 |
| institution | Zenodo |
| language | |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
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| spellingShingle | Purpurata Xue, Lu & Du, 2024, gen. nov. Xue, Xin-Lei Lu, Xiao-Qiang Du, Xi-Cui Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Lepidoptera Crambidae Purpurata <p><i>Purpurata</i> gen. nov.</p><p><b>Type species.</b></p><p><i>Purpurata directa</i> sp. nov., here designated.</p><p><b>Diagnosis.</b></p><p><i>Purpurata</i> is readily distinguished from its phylogenetic sister genus <i>Nosophora</i> (type species: <i>Botys dispilalis</i> Hampson, 1896) by the yellow wings with their purple-brown lines and patches, while in <i>Nosophora</i>, the wings are dark shiny brown and feature a large, comma-shaped spot in the forewing. Furthermore, the vertex of the head is hollowed out in males of <i>N. dispilalis</i> (see Lederer 1863: pl. 4 fig. 24 (misidentified as <i>N. chironalis</i>); Hampson 1896: 288), whereas it is rounded in <i>Purpurata</i> species (Fig. 2). In <i>Purpurata</i>, compared to the similar genera <i>Patania</i> and <i>Nagiella</i>, the uncus is arc-shaped on the posterior margin, the valva is shorter and broader than those of the latter two, and the fibula is shorter and smaller in male genitalia; the apophyses anteriores is not broadened or very slightly broadened near the base in the female genitalia. Comparatively, in <i>Patania</i> and <i>Nagiella</i>, the uncus is generally trapezoidal (except that <i>N. bispina</i> has a rather short and broad uncus, with rounded posterior margin), and the fibula are generally well developed and sclerotized; the apophyses anteriores broaden rhomboidally near the base. In addition, in <i>Purpurata</i>, the gnathos is present and setose apically, generally undeveloped (except that <i>P. iopasalis</i> and <i>P. shompen</i> have well-developed gnathos). <i>Patania</i> species usually lack a gnathos, and a few species have a gnathos but no setae at the apex. <i>Nagiella</i> species generally have a gnathos, but no setae at the apex. In <i>Purpurata</i>, the phallus has a protruding sclerotized structure at the posterior end, with a thick needle-like or spine-like cornutus and a brush-like cornutus. Comparatively, the phallus of <i>Patania</i> and <i>Nagiella</i> lack a protruding sclerotized structure posteriorly. <i>Patania</i> species have, or lack, a cornutus (if present, diverse morphologically), and <i>Nagiella</i> species generally lack a cornutus (except for <i>N. bispina</i> with a curved hook cornutus). The compared characters here are present in the type species of <i>Patania</i> and <i>Nagiella</i>, <i>Botys concatenalis</i>, and <i>Nagia desmialis</i> respectively, which were fully investigated in our study.</p><p><b>Description.</b></p><p><b><i>Habitus</i>.</b> Body and wings yellow, with purple-brown wing markings. Frons rounded. Labial palpus upturned, exposed 3 rd joint short and blunt (Fig. 2). Antenna filiform, male with ventral cilia. Forewing with length of cell ~ 1 / 2 of wing; discocellulars incurved; R from cell at ~ 5 / 6 above; Rs 2 anastomosed with Rs 3 ~ 3 / 5 of Rs 3 beyond cell; Rs 1 close to Rs 2 + s 3; Rs 4 slightly curved towards Rs 2 + s 3 at base; M 2, M 3 and CuA 1 from posterior angle of cell and uniformly spaced at the base; CuA 2 from cell at ~ 2 / 3 below. Hindwing with length of cell ~ 1 / 3 of wing; discocellulars incurved; Sc + R anastomosed with Rs ~ 1 / 5 beyond the cell; M 2, M 3 and CuA 1 separately from posterior angle cell; CuA 2 from cell at 2 / 3 below (Figs 3, 4). Abdomen yellow dorsally; 1 st and 2 nd tergites with black spots laterally and 7 th tergites black posteriorly in male. Tympanal organs with praecinctorium strongly bifid (Fig. 5).</p><p><b><i>Male genitalia</i>.</b> Uncus short and broad, with arc-shaped posterior margin, except for <i>P. iopasalis</i> with narrowed apex of uncus. Gnathos present and bearing setae apically, or vestigial to a transverse band. Valva ligulate, relatively broad and short generally. Fibula small and membranous, with setae. Sacculus undeveloped. Phallus cylindrical, with a protruding sclerotized structure posteriorly, with a thick needle-like or spine-like cornutus and a brush-like cornutus composed of a spine cluster, and a granular sclerotized area near the middle.</p><p><b><i>Female genitalia</i>.</b> Apophyses anteriores longer than apophyses posteriores, occasionally slightly broadened near base. Antrum sclerotized. Ductus bursae usually long and slender. Corpus bursae round or oval, usually with a round signum.</p><p><b>Distribution.</b></p><p>This genus is mainly distributed in the Palaearctic and Oriental realms. And <i>P. plagiatalis</i> is also found in the Neotropical and Australasian realms, <i>P. iopasalis</i> is also found in the Australasian realms.</p><p><b>Etymology.</b></p><p>The genus name <i>Purpurata</i> is derived from the Latin word <i>purpuratus</i> meaning purple, indicating the distinctive purple-brown coloration of wing markings. The gender is feminine.</p><p><b>Remarks.</b></p><p>This new genus comprises four known species from the genus <i>Patania</i> of Spilomelinae, and two new species described in the present study. It corresponds to the main diagnostic characters of Crambidae: forewing with vein R S 4 free and with oval sclerotization costad at base of vein 1 A + 2 A; bullae tympani open cephalad; tympanum and conjunctivum lying at a blunt angle; praecinctorium present; and male genitalia without uncus arms. Further, it corresponds to the main diagnostic characters of Spilomelinae: fornix tympani projecting ventrad from tympanic frame; praecinctorium bilobed; retinacular hook absent; and females with two frenular bristles. Moreover, based on the Agroterini characters stated in Mally et al. (2019), labial palps upturned and 3 rd labial palpomere directed dorsally; uncus with a broad base, head chaetae simple and unsplit; the ratio between saccus length and sacculus breadth> 1, we place this genus in the tribe Agroterini.</p> |
| title | Purpurata Xue, Lu & Du, 2024, gen. nov. |
| topic | Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Lepidoptera Crambidae Purpurata |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14261646 |