A CROSS-SECTIONAL COMPARATIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON ORAL PREMEDICATION EFFECT OF ALPRAZOLAM AND DIAZEPAMON SELECT PSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS
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2025
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| author | Dr. Bindhya Ponnuchamy |
| author_facet | Dr. Bindhya Ponnuchamy |
| contents | <p>Background: Anxiety is an emotional state characterized by apprehension and<br>fear resulting from the anticipation of a threatening event.Preoperative anxiety<br>may lead to various problems and a wide range of physiological and<br>psychological responses. Various factors influencing anxiety in a patient<br>planned for surgery include age, gender, the extent and type of surgery,<br>previous hospital experiences, susceptibility to and ability to cope with stressful<br>experiences, and preoperative information. So the benefits of effective<br>premedication include a reduction in patient’s anxiety, facilitation of smooth<br>anaesthetic induction, reduction in reported undesirable postoperative<br>behavioural changes, and reduction in recoverytime.<br>Aim: To evaluate and compare the effects of oral Diazepam and oral<br>Alprazolam on preoperative anxiety, sedation, alertness, psychomotor and<br>cognitive functions on the morning of surgery.<br>Primary objective:<br>To compare oral premedicants Alprazolam and Diazepam in terms of sleep<br>quality and alertness on the morning of surgery.<br>Secondary objectives:<br>To compare oral Alprazolam and Diazepam in terms of<br>1. Level of anxiety andsedation<br>2. Psychomotor and cognitivefunction<br>3. Vitalparameters<br>4. Adverse effects, ifany<br>Methods: After obtaining institutional ethics committee clearance and<br>informed consent from the patients scheduled for surgery, 94 patients were<br>divided into two groups, A (Alprazolam) and D (Diazepam) by the consultant<br>anaesthesiologist.<br>Patients were given tablet Alprazolam or tablet Diazepam at 9 p.m. in the<br>preoperative night and 7 a.m. in the morning. Each patient's Non-Invasive<br>Blood Pressure (NIBP), Heart Rate (HR), and Respiration Rate (RR) were<br>monitored before premedication at 9 p.m. and after morning premedication at 7 a.m. The APAIS was used to assess the patient's level of anxiety and state of<br>mind just before the evening premedication was administered. The Digit<br>Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) and the Trail Making Test (TMT) were used<br>to provide a comprehensive assessment of the participant's cognitive and motor<br>skills before premedication at night and after morning premedication. After<br>giving morning premedication at 7.00 a.m., the patient"s sedation level was<br>assessed at 8.00 a.m. using Richmond Agitation and Sedation Score (RAAS),<br>the patient's alertness and the previous night's sleep was studied using<br>Karolinska Sleep Diary (KSD) scoring. The patient"sorientation was assessed<br>using Galveston Orientation Amnesia Test (GOAT) in the morning. Categorical<br>values were calculated using the Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test.<br>Continuous variables were calculated using Unpaired t-tests, and MannWhitney U-test. Any value of P less than 0.05 was regarded to be statistically<br>significant.<br>Results: Both groups were comparable demographically. Baseline<br>haemodynamic parameters were also similar across the groups. After<br>premedication, the patients in the Diazepam group have taken a longer time to<br>complete Trail Making Test (TMT B) when compared to patients in the<br>Alprazolam group. This indicates executive functioning was preserved in the<br>Alprazolamgroup.<br>In the (KSD) assessment, patients in the Alprazolam group felt refreshed after<br>waking up and ease of waking up also was more in patients with the<br>Alprazolam group as premedication when compared to the Diazepam group.<br>Conclusion: We conclude that Alprazolam is a better premedication when<br>compared to Diazepam as morning alertness was better and it retained<br>executive functions. Thus Alprazolam is a better premedication when compared<br>to Diazepam in terms of preserving select psychological functions.</p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_14671838 |
| institution | Zenodo |
| language | |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
| record_format | zenodo |
| spellingShingle | A CROSS-SECTIONAL COMPARATIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON ORAL PREMEDICATION EFFECT OF ALPRAZOLAM AND DIAZEPAMON SELECT PSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS Dr. Bindhya Ponnuchamy <p>Background: Anxiety is an emotional state characterized by apprehension and<br>fear resulting from the anticipation of a threatening event.Preoperative anxiety<br>may lead to various problems and a wide range of physiological and<br>psychological responses. Various factors influencing anxiety in a patient<br>planned for surgery include age, gender, the extent and type of surgery,<br>previous hospital experiences, susceptibility to and ability to cope with stressful<br>experiences, and preoperative information. So the benefits of effective<br>premedication include a reduction in patient’s anxiety, facilitation of smooth<br>anaesthetic induction, reduction in reported undesirable postoperative<br>behavioural changes, and reduction in recoverytime.<br>Aim: To evaluate and compare the effects of oral Diazepam and oral<br>Alprazolam on preoperative anxiety, sedation, alertness, psychomotor and<br>cognitive functions on the morning of surgery.<br>Primary objective:<br>To compare oral premedicants Alprazolam and Diazepam in terms of sleep<br>quality and alertness on the morning of surgery.<br>Secondary objectives:<br>To compare oral Alprazolam and Diazepam in terms of<br>1. Level of anxiety andsedation<br>2. Psychomotor and cognitivefunction<br>3. Vitalparameters<br>4. Adverse effects, ifany<br>Methods: After obtaining institutional ethics committee clearance and<br>informed consent from the patients scheduled for surgery, 94 patients were<br>divided into two groups, A (Alprazolam) and D (Diazepam) by the consultant<br>anaesthesiologist.<br>Patients were given tablet Alprazolam or tablet Diazepam at 9 p.m. in the<br>preoperative night and 7 a.m. in the morning. Each patient's Non-Invasive<br>Blood Pressure (NIBP), Heart Rate (HR), and Respiration Rate (RR) were<br>monitored before premedication at 9 p.m. and after morning premedication at 7 a.m. The APAIS was used to assess the patient's level of anxiety and state of<br>mind just before the evening premedication was administered. The Digit<br>Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) and the Trail Making Test (TMT) were used<br>to provide a comprehensive assessment of the participant's cognitive and motor<br>skills before premedication at night and after morning premedication. After<br>giving morning premedication at 7.00 a.m., the patient"s sedation level was<br>assessed at 8.00 a.m. using Richmond Agitation and Sedation Score (RAAS),<br>the patient's alertness and the previous night's sleep was studied using<br>Karolinska Sleep Diary (KSD) scoring. The patient"sorientation was assessed<br>using Galveston Orientation Amnesia Test (GOAT) in the morning. Categorical<br>values were calculated using the Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test.<br>Continuous variables were calculated using Unpaired t-tests, and MannWhitney U-test. Any value of P less than 0.05 was regarded to be statistically<br>significant.<br>Results: Both groups were comparable demographically. Baseline<br>haemodynamic parameters were also similar across the groups. After<br>premedication, the patients in the Diazepam group have taken a longer time to<br>complete Trail Making Test (TMT B) when compared to patients in the<br>Alprazolam group. This indicates executive functioning was preserved in the<br>Alprazolamgroup.<br>In the (KSD) assessment, patients in the Alprazolam group felt refreshed after<br>waking up and ease of waking up also was more in patients with the<br>Alprazolam group as premedication when compared to the Diazepam group.<br>Conclusion: We conclude that Alprazolam is a better premedication when<br>compared to Diazepam as morning alertness was better and it retained<br>executive functions. Thus Alprazolam is a better premedication when compared<br>to Diazepam in terms of preserving select psychological functions.</p> |
| title | A CROSS-SECTIONAL COMPARATIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON ORAL PREMEDICATION EFFECT OF ALPRAZOLAM AND DIAZEPAMON SELECT PSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14671838 |