Hymenopodidae Giglio-Tos 1915
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| author | Kamila, A. P. Sureshan, P. M. |
| author_facet | Kamila, A. P. Sureshan, P. M. |
| contents | <p><b>Family HYMENOPODIDAE Giglio-Tos, 1915</b></p><p>Sixteen genera in seven tribes and 4 subfamilies are reported from India in this family.</p><p>1. Eyes more or less extending beyond the circumference of head (Fig. 94). Hind wings often with bright colouration in live (Figs. 87, 92, 93) (<b>Hymenopodinae</b>)........................................................................... 2</p><p>- Eyes within the circumference of head (Figs. 99, 104, 106). Hind wings without bright colouration in live (Figs. 105, 111, 116)................................................................................................ 7</p><p>2. Vertex without any process (Fig. 88). Mid and hind femora with reduced lobes or lobeless (Fig. 89). Eye-spot marking on fore wings absent (Figs. 86, 87, 90, 92) (<b>Anaxarchini</b>)........................................................... 3</p><p>- Vertex with process (Fig. 94). Mid and hind femora with distinct lobes (Figs. 95, 97). Eye-spot marking on fore wings present (Figs. 93, 96) (<b>Hymenopodini</b>).......................................................................... 6</p><p>3. Mid and hind femora with small sub-apical lobes (Fig. 86)............................................ <i>Heliomantis</i></p><p>- Mid and hind femora without sub-apical lobes (Fig. 89)....................................................... 4</p><p>4. Pronotum long, slender, longer than fore coxa (Fig. 87)............................................... <i>Anaxarcha</i></p><p>- Pronotum short, robust, as long as or shorter than fore coxa (Figs. 90, 92)......................................... 5</p><p>5. Metazone distinctly constricted (Fig. 90). Foreleg metallic black in colour (Fig. 91)........................... <i>Nemotha</i></p><p>- Metazone with almost parallel margin (Fig. 92). Foreleg not in metallic black (Fig. 92)................... <i>Odontomantis</i></p><p>6. Mid and hind femora with ventral lobe at distal part only (Fig. 95)...................................... <i>Creobroter</i></p><p>- Mid and hind femora with ventral lobe at entire length (Fig. 97)....................................... <i>Hymenopus</i></p><p>7. Mid and hind femora with a large lobe at the base, almost merging with sub-apical lobe (Figs. 82, 85). Area around the spines on fore coxa suffused by black (Figs. 81, 84) (<b>Phyllothelyinae</b>)................................................ 8</p><p>- Mid and hind femora with (Figs. 108, 113, 116) or without (Figs. 98, 103, 105) small lobe. If it is present, then not merged with sub-apical lobe. Area around the spines on fore coxa without black suffusion (Fig. 110).............................. 9</p><p>8. Pronotum not elongated, with lateral pronotal expansion, metazone 1.5 times as long as prozone (Fig. 81). Upper edge of fore tibiae dilated (Fig. 81) (<b>Parablepharini</b>)........................................................ <i>Parablepharis</i></p><p>- Pronotum elongated, without lateral pronotal expansion, metazona at least 3 times as long as prozone (Fig. 83). Upper edge of fore tibiae almost straight, not dilated (Fig. 84) (<b>Phyllothelyini</b>)....................................... <i>Phyllothelys</i></p><p>9. Dorsal edge of fore femora more or less dilated like a leaf (Figs. 98, 102, 103, 105, 107, 110). Pronotum short. Metazone almost as long as prozone (Figs. 101, 105, 109) (<b>Oxypilinae</b>)....................................................... 10</p><p>- Dorsal edge of fore femora not dilated like a leaf (Figs. 111, 115, 116). Pronotum elongated. Metazone at least 1.5 times as long as prozone (Figs. 112, 115, 116) (<b>Acromantinae</b>)........................................................... 14</p><p>10. Disc of pronotum with conical tubercles (Fig. 109). Margins between posteroventral spines of fore femora without denticles (Fig. 110) (<b>Oxypilini</b>)........................................................................ <i>Ceratomantis</i></p><p>- Disc of pronotum without any tubercles. Margins between posteroventral spines of fore femora with small denticles (Fig. 107) (<b>Hestiasulini</b>)....................................................................................... 11</p><p>11. Vertex with process (Figs. 104, 106). Styli present in males................................................... 12</p><p>- Vertex without any process (Fig. 99). Styli absent in males (Fig. 100).................................... <i>Astyliasula</i></p><p>12. Wings iridescent in both sexes (Fig. 101). Margins between posteroventral spines of fore femora slightly serrated.................................................................................................... <i>Catestiasula</i></p><p>- Wings not iridescent (Fig. 105). Margins between posteroventral spines of fore femora highly serrated................. 13</p><p>13. Disc of lower frons with indistinct carinae and central area between them not depressed (Fig. 104)............. <i>Hestiasula</i></p><p>- Disc of lower frons with well-developed carinae and central area between them highly depressed forming a notch (Fig. 106).......................................................................................... <i>Ephestiasula</i></p><p>14. Disc of pronotum with prominent granules (Fig. 112). Fore coxa slightly widened distally (Fig. 112)............. <i>Ambivia</i></p><p>- Disc of pronotum smooth, sometimes with granules. Fore coxa simple (Fig. 116).................................. 15</p><p>15. Eyes conical, sometimes with tubercle (Fig. 115)................................................. <i>Metacromantis</i></p><p>- Eyes round, without tubercle (Fig. 117)............................................................ <i>Acromantis</i></p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_14719814 |
| institution | Zenodo |
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| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
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| spellingShingle | Hymenopodidae Giglio-Tos 1915 Kamila, A. P. Sureshan, P. M. Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Mantodea Hymenopodidae <p><b>Family HYMENOPODIDAE Giglio-Tos, 1915</b></p><p>Sixteen genera in seven tribes and 4 subfamilies are reported from India in this family.</p><p>1. Eyes more or less extending beyond the circumference of head (Fig. 94). Hind wings often with bright colouration in live (Figs. 87, 92, 93) (<b>Hymenopodinae</b>)........................................................................... 2</p><p>- Eyes within the circumference of head (Figs. 99, 104, 106). Hind wings without bright colouration in live (Figs. 105, 111, 116)................................................................................................ 7</p><p>2. Vertex without any process (Fig. 88). Mid and hind femora with reduced lobes or lobeless (Fig. 89). Eye-spot marking on fore wings absent (Figs. 86, 87, 90, 92) (<b>Anaxarchini</b>)........................................................... 3</p><p>- Vertex with process (Fig. 94). Mid and hind femora with distinct lobes (Figs. 95, 97). Eye-spot marking on fore wings present (Figs. 93, 96) (<b>Hymenopodini</b>).......................................................................... 6</p><p>3. Mid and hind femora with small sub-apical lobes (Fig. 86)............................................ <i>Heliomantis</i></p><p>- Mid and hind femora without sub-apical lobes (Fig. 89)....................................................... 4</p><p>4. Pronotum long, slender, longer than fore coxa (Fig. 87)............................................... <i>Anaxarcha</i></p><p>- Pronotum short, robust, as long as or shorter than fore coxa (Figs. 90, 92)......................................... 5</p><p>5. Metazone distinctly constricted (Fig. 90). Foreleg metallic black in colour (Fig. 91)........................... <i>Nemotha</i></p><p>- Metazone with almost parallel margin (Fig. 92). Foreleg not in metallic black (Fig. 92)................... <i>Odontomantis</i></p><p>6. Mid and hind femora with ventral lobe at distal part only (Fig. 95)...................................... <i>Creobroter</i></p><p>- Mid and hind femora with ventral lobe at entire length (Fig. 97)....................................... <i>Hymenopus</i></p><p>7. Mid and hind femora with a large lobe at the base, almost merging with sub-apical lobe (Figs. 82, 85). Area around the spines on fore coxa suffused by black (Figs. 81, 84) (<b>Phyllothelyinae</b>)................................................ 8</p><p>- Mid and hind femora with (Figs. 108, 113, 116) or without (Figs. 98, 103, 105) small lobe. If it is present, then not merged with sub-apical lobe. Area around the spines on fore coxa without black suffusion (Fig. 110).............................. 9</p><p>8. Pronotum not elongated, with lateral pronotal expansion, metazone 1.5 times as long as prozone (Fig. 81). Upper edge of fore tibiae dilated (Fig. 81) (<b>Parablepharini</b>)........................................................ <i>Parablepharis</i></p><p>- Pronotum elongated, without lateral pronotal expansion, metazona at least 3 times as long as prozone (Fig. 83). Upper edge of fore tibiae almost straight, not dilated (Fig. 84) (<b>Phyllothelyini</b>)....................................... <i>Phyllothelys</i></p><p>9. Dorsal edge of fore femora more or less dilated like a leaf (Figs. 98, 102, 103, 105, 107, 110). Pronotum short. Metazone almost as long as prozone (Figs. 101, 105, 109) (<b>Oxypilinae</b>)....................................................... 10</p><p>- Dorsal edge of fore femora not dilated like a leaf (Figs. 111, 115, 116). Pronotum elongated. Metazone at least 1.5 times as long as prozone (Figs. 112, 115, 116) (<b>Acromantinae</b>)........................................................... 14</p><p>10. Disc of pronotum with conical tubercles (Fig. 109). Margins between posteroventral spines of fore femora without denticles (Fig. 110) (<b>Oxypilini</b>)........................................................................ <i>Ceratomantis</i></p><p>- Disc of pronotum without any tubercles. Margins between posteroventral spines of fore femora with small denticles (Fig. 107) (<b>Hestiasulini</b>)....................................................................................... 11</p><p>11. Vertex with process (Figs. 104, 106). Styli present in males................................................... 12</p><p>- Vertex without any process (Fig. 99). Styli absent in males (Fig. 100).................................... <i>Astyliasula</i></p><p>12. Wings iridescent in both sexes (Fig. 101). Margins between posteroventral spines of fore femora slightly serrated.................................................................................................... <i>Catestiasula</i></p><p>- Wings not iridescent (Fig. 105). Margins between posteroventral spines of fore femora highly serrated................. 13</p><p>13. Disc of lower frons with indistinct carinae and central area between them not depressed (Fig. 104)............. <i>Hestiasula</i></p><p>- Disc of lower frons with well-developed carinae and central area between them highly depressed forming a notch (Fig. 106).......................................................................................... <i>Ephestiasula</i></p><p>14. Disc of pronotum with prominent granules (Fig. 112). Fore coxa slightly widened distally (Fig. 112)............. <i>Ambivia</i></p><p>- Disc of pronotum smooth, sometimes with granules. Fore coxa simple (Fig. 116).................................. 15</p><p>15. Eyes conical, sometimes with tubercle (Fig. 115)................................................. <i>Metacromantis</i></p><p>- Eyes round, without tubercle (Fig. 117)............................................................ <i>Acromantis</i></p> |
| title | Hymenopodidae Giglio-Tos 1915 |
| topic | Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Mantodea Hymenopodidae |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14719814 |