Joditi
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2018
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| _version_ | 1866902015705088000 |
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| author | Ban, Xiaoshuang Jiang, Nan Cheng, Rui Xue, Dayong Han, Hongxiang |
| author_facet | Ban, Xiaoshuang Jiang, Nan Cheng, Rui Xue, Dayong Han, Hongxiang |
| contents | <p><b>JODITI + <i>APORANDRIA</i> + THALASSODITI</b></p><p>The grouping of the Joditi, <i>Aporandria</i> and Thalassoditi is well supported in this study. The subtribe Joditi (as Jodini) was established by Inoue (1961) and was treated as a provisional tribe, including four Palaearctic and Indo-Pacific genera (<i>Jodis</i>, <i>Berta</i>, <i>Gelasma</i> and <i>Thalerura</i> Swinhoe, the latter two genera as synonyms of <i>Maxates</i>) by Hausmann (1996). Viidalepp (1996) and Holloway (1996) included Joditi in the wider concept of Hemitheini. Han & Xue (2011a) followed this definition, which is also supported in this molecular study.</p><p>The species of <i>Maxates</i> number over 100 and were separated in <i>Gelasma</i> Warren, <i>Maxates</i> and <i>Thalerura</i> (Prout, 1912, 1920–41) until Holloway (1996) synonymized <i>Gelasma</i> and <i>Thalerura</i> with <i>Maxates</i> and summarized the most distinctive feature of <i>Maxates</i> as the possession of a strong hindwing tail and a ventral flap on the valva.</p><p>When Prout (1934 –38) described <i>Ecchloropsis</i>, he made a comparison with <i>Hemistola</i> and <i>Dyschloropsis</i> but did not mention <i>Gelasma</i> and <i>Maxates</i>, perhaps because he did not examine the male genitalia. Han & Xue (2011a) summarized the diagnostic characters of <i>Ecchloropsis</i> and <i>Maxates</i> and listed the differences between them. Although they noted that <i>Ecchloropsis</i> has a ventral flap in the valva similar to that found in typical <i>Maxates</i>, the authors did not synonymize the two, given that <i>Ecchloropsis</i> lacks a frenulum, whereas almost all species of <i>Maxates</i> have one.</p><p>In this analysis, the genus <i>Maxates</i> is found to be polyphyletic, as <i>Maxates acutissima perplexata</i> and <i>M. grandificaria</i> are sister to <i>Ecchloropsis</i> with full support, whereas another three species, <i>M.</i> sp.1, <i>M.</i> sp.2 and <i>M. thetydaria</i>, are grouped as sister to <i>Berta</i> and <i>Jodis</i>. The genus <i>Berta</i> is also found to be paraphyletic, since two species of <i>Jodis</i> are nested within <i>Berta</i> species (including the type species <i>B. chrysolineata</i> Walker). Further research, including the type species of <i>Maxates</i> and <i>Jodis</i> and a greater number of other species, is needed to resolve the phylogenetic relationship among these four genera, the monophyly of the Joditi and the monophyly of <i>Maxates</i> and <i>Berta</i>.</p><p>The subtribe Thalassoditi (as Thalassodini) was also erected by Inoue (1961) with the inclusion of the genus <i>Thalassodes</i> Guenée, from which three genera (<i>Orothalassodes</i> Holloway, <i>Pelagodes</i> Holloway and <i>Remiformvalva</i> Inoue) were split and erected by Holloway (1996) and Inoue (2006), mainly based on the structures of the male genitalia and the eighth segment. Hausmann (1996) summarized the differential features of Thalassoditi as follows: cell of hindwing very short, discocellular vein oblique and lacking abdominal crests. Hausmann <i>et al.</i> (2016b) synonymized Thalassoditi with Hemistoliti because they share many morphological characters. However, the monophyly of Thalassoditi is fully supported in the present study, with <i>Thalassodes</i> at the basal position of the clade. The genera <i>Prasinocyma</i> and <i>Albinospila</i> Holloway are closely allied to <i>Orothalassodes</i> (Holloway, 1996), and they are expected to be clustered with <i>Orothalassodes</i> if they are sampled. Hausmann <i>et al.</i> (2016a) suggested that the current generic combinations within the large <i>Thalassodes</i> complex (Holloway, 1996) need to be revised. Further research is needed to explore the internal structure of the Thalassoditi by including more genera, such as <i>Prasinocyma</i> and <i>Albinospila</i>.</p><p><i>Aporandria</i> was placed in Hemistoliti by Hausmann (1996). He also stated that the external appearance of <i>Aporandria</i> resembles some genera of Geometrini but differs from the latter with respect to the tympanum and venation. In this study, the genus <i>Aporandria</i> is grouped with Thalassoditi with good support. The close relationship between <i>Aporandria</i> and Thalassoditi was first found in this study. However, we hesitate to place <i>Aporandria</i> in Thalassoditi due to its distinct wing patterns. Genera in Thalassoditi, together with <i>Aporandria</i>, are sister to part of Joditi and fall within Joditi. We suspect that the subtribe Thalassoditi may be a synonym of Joditi and that <i>Aporandria</i> also belongs to Joditi, but additional data are needed to validate this hypothesis.</p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_14825096 |
| institution | Zenodo |
| language | |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
| record_format | zenodo |
| spellingShingle | Joditi Ban, Xiaoshuang Jiang, Nan Cheng, Rui Xue, Dayong Han, Hongxiang Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Lepidoptera Geometridae <p><b>JODITI + <i>APORANDRIA</i> + THALASSODITI</b></p><p>The grouping of the Joditi, <i>Aporandria</i> and Thalassoditi is well supported in this study. The subtribe Joditi (as Jodini) was established by Inoue (1961) and was treated as a provisional tribe, including four Palaearctic and Indo-Pacific genera (<i>Jodis</i>, <i>Berta</i>, <i>Gelasma</i> and <i>Thalerura</i> Swinhoe, the latter two genera as synonyms of <i>Maxates</i>) by Hausmann (1996). Viidalepp (1996) and Holloway (1996) included Joditi in the wider concept of Hemitheini. Han & Xue (2011a) followed this definition, which is also supported in this molecular study.</p><p>The species of <i>Maxates</i> number over 100 and were separated in <i>Gelasma</i> Warren, <i>Maxates</i> and <i>Thalerura</i> (Prout, 1912, 1920–41) until Holloway (1996) synonymized <i>Gelasma</i> and <i>Thalerura</i> with <i>Maxates</i> and summarized the most distinctive feature of <i>Maxates</i> as the possession of a strong hindwing tail and a ventral flap on the valva.</p><p>When Prout (1934 –38) described <i>Ecchloropsis</i>, he made a comparison with <i>Hemistola</i> and <i>Dyschloropsis</i> but did not mention <i>Gelasma</i> and <i>Maxates</i>, perhaps because he did not examine the male genitalia. Han & Xue (2011a) summarized the diagnostic characters of <i>Ecchloropsis</i> and <i>Maxates</i> and listed the differences between them. Although they noted that <i>Ecchloropsis</i> has a ventral flap in the valva similar to that found in typical <i>Maxates</i>, the authors did not synonymize the two, given that <i>Ecchloropsis</i> lacks a frenulum, whereas almost all species of <i>Maxates</i> have one.</p><p>In this analysis, the genus <i>Maxates</i> is found to be polyphyletic, as <i>Maxates acutissima perplexata</i> and <i>M. grandificaria</i> are sister to <i>Ecchloropsis</i> with full support, whereas another three species, <i>M.</i> sp.1, <i>M.</i> sp.2 and <i>M. thetydaria</i>, are grouped as sister to <i>Berta</i> and <i>Jodis</i>. The genus <i>Berta</i> is also found to be paraphyletic, since two species of <i>Jodis</i> are nested within <i>Berta</i> species (including the type species <i>B. chrysolineata</i> Walker). Further research, including the type species of <i>Maxates</i> and <i>Jodis</i> and a greater number of other species, is needed to resolve the phylogenetic relationship among these four genera, the monophyly of the Joditi and the monophyly of <i>Maxates</i> and <i>Berta</i>.</p><p>The subtribe Thalassoditi (as Thalassodini) was also erected by Inoue (1961) with the inclusion of the genus <i>Thalassodes</i> Guenée, from which three genera (<i>Orothalassodes</i> Holloway, <i>Pelagodes</i> Holloway and <i>Remiformvalva</i> Inoue) were split and erected by Holloway (1996) and Inoue (2006), mainly based on the structures of the male genitalia and the eighth segment. Hausmann (1996) summarized the differential features of Thalassoditi as follows: cell of hindwing very short, discocellular vein oblique and lacking abdominal crests. Hausmann <i>et al.</i> (2016b) synonymized Thalassoditi with Hemistoliti because they share many morphological characters. However, the monophyly of Thalassoditi is fully supported in the present study, with <i>Thalassodes</i> at the basal position of the clade. The genera <i>Prasinocyma</i> and <i>Albinospila</i> Holloway are closely allied to <i>Orothalassodes</i> (Holloway, 1996), and they are expected to be clustered with <i>Orothalassodes</i> if they are sampled. Hausmann <i>et al.</i> (2016a) suggested that the current generic combinations within the large <i>Thalassodes</i> complex (Holloway, 1996) need to be revised. Further research is needed to explore the internal structure of the Thalassoditi by including more genera, such as <i>Prasinocyma</i> and <i>Albinospila</i>.</p><p><i>Aporandria</i> was placed in Hemistoliti by Hausmann (1996). He also stated that the external appearance of <i>Aporandria</i> resembles some genera of Geometrini but differs from the latter with respect to the tympanum and venation. In this study, the genus <i>Aporandria</i> is grouped with Thalassoditi with good support. The close relationship between <i>Aporandria</i> and Thalassoditi was first found in this study. However, we hesitate to place <i>Aporandria</i> in Thalassoditi due to its distinct wing patterns. Genera in Thalassoditi, together with <i>Aporandria</i>, are sister to part of Joditi and fall within Joditi. We suspect that the subtribe Thalassoditi may be a synonym of Joditi and that <i>Aporandria</i> also belongs to Joditi, but additional data are needed to validate this hypothesis.</p> |
| title | Joditi |
| topic | Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Lepidoptera Geometridae |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14825096 |