Caloenas G. R. GRAY 1840
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2020
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| _version_ | 1866902310903349248 |
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| author | Worthy, Trevor H. Burley, David V. |
| author_facet | Worthy, Trevor H. Burley, David V. |
| contents | <p><b>GENUS <i>CALOENAS</i> G.R. GRAY, 1840</b></p><p><i>Remarks:</i> The genus <i>Caloenas</i> is represented by one extant species, the Nicobar pigeon <i>Caloenas nicobarica</i> (Linnaeus, 1758). This is a large pigeon, with spectacular plumage, that is restricted to insular parts of Southeast Asia through Indonesia and New Guinea, extending to the Solomons (Dickinson & Remsen, 2013). The extinct species <i>Caloenas canacorum</i> Balouet & Olson, 1989 was described from New Caledonia based on three coracoids, part of a sternum, two scapulae and a distal humerus, which reveal a bird some 25% larger than the Nicobar pigeon (Balouet & Olson, 1989). Steadman (1989, 2006a) referred specimens from Tonga (archaeological sites on Lifuka, Ha'ano and Ha'afeva in the Ha'apai Group) to <i>Caloenas</i> cf. <i>nicobarica</i>. In addition, there is a single specimen of a third species, <i>Caloenas maculata</i> (Gmelin, 1789), collected historically from an unknown location before 1783. This specimen is a bird 32 cm long, smaller than <i>C. nicobarica</i> (40 cm), and has been confirmed as a member of <i>Caloenas</i> based on molecular data (Heupink <i>et al.</i>, 2014). Tongan specimens referred to <i>C. canacorum</i> cannot be <i>C. maculata</i>, because they are of similar size to the New Caledonian bones, and thus are from a much larger taxon.</p><p>Thespecimenslistedbelowallrepresentalargepigeon distinct from <i>Ducula</i>, and thus differ substantially from the giant form described below in that genus. They are identified as being from a species of <i>Caloenas</i> because of the combination of features observed in the coracoid, tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus (Fig. 3). <i>Coracoid:</i> with the cotyla scapularis elongated laterosternally into an acute angle, and the tuberculum A (Worthy, 2012) globose, dorsally prominent over the sulcus supracoracoideus and with a relatively narrow separation from the cotyla scapularis. Sternally, the impressio m. sternocoracoidei is pneumatic and widely separated from the medial margin by a dorsoventrally thickened (inflated) section of the corpus extending from the angulus medialis. <i>Tibiotarsus:</i> distal end, craniocaudal depth of condylus medialis greater than distal width; proximal attachment for retinaculum extensorium tibiotarsi (ptRET) close to condylus medialis (separation less than proximodistal length of condyle); distal attachment for retinaculum extensorium tibiotarsi (dtRET) is wider than long; the sulcus extensorius is bounded laterally by a rounded ridge (not sharp crest). <i>Tarsometatarsus:</i> elongate, but fossa parahypotarsalis medialis nearly reaches fossa metatarsi I; foramen vascularia proximalia both small; tuberositas m. tibialis cranialis deep set in sulcus extensorius, not prominent; anterior facies adjacent to sulcus extensorius flat to slightly convex; and trochlea metatarsi IV not deeply notched distoplantarly and ends proximad to trochlea metatarsi II.</p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_14857359 |
| institution | Zenodo |
| language | |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
| record_format | zenodo |
| spellingShingle | Caloenas G. R. GRAY 1840 Worthy, Trevor H. Burley, David V. Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Chordata Aves Columbiformes Columbidae Caloenas <p><b>GENUS <i>CALOENAS</i> G.R. GRAY, 1840</b></p><p><i>Remarks:</i> The genus <i>Caloenas</i> is represented by one extant species, the Nicobar pigeon <i>Caloenas nicobarica</i> (Linnaeus, 1758). This is a large pigeon, with spectacular plumage, that is restricted to insular parts of Southeast Asia through Indonesia and New Guinea, extending to the Solomons (Dickinson & Remsen, 2013). The extinct species <i>Caloenas canacorum</i> Balouet & Olson, 1989 was described from New Caledonia based on three coracoids, part of a sternum, two scapulae and a distal humerus, which reveal a bird some 25% larger than the Nicobar pigeon (Balouet & Olson, 1989). Steadman (1989, 2006a) referred specimens from Tonga (archaeological sites on Lifuka, Ha'ano and Ha'afeva in the Ha'apai Group) to <i>Caloenas</i> cf. <i>nicobarica</i>. In addition, there is a single specimen of a third species, <i>Caloenas maculata</i> (Gmelin, 1789), collected historically from an unknown location before 1783. This specimen is a bird 32 cm long, smaller than <i>C. nicobarica</i> (40 cm), and has been confirmed as a member of <i>Caloenas</i> based on molecular data (Heupink <i>et al.</i>, 2014). Tongan specimens referred to <i>C. canacorum</i> cannot be <i>C. maculata</i>, because they are of similar size to the New Caledonian bones, and thus are from a much larger taxon.</p><p>Thespecimenslistedbelowallrepresentalargepigeon distinct from <i>Ducula</i>, and thus differ substantially from the giant form described below in that genus. They are identified as being from a species of <i>Caloenas</i> because of the combination of features observed in the coracoid, tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus (Fig. 3). <i>Coracoid:</i> with the cotyla scapularis elongated laterosternally into an acute angle, and the tuberculum A (Worthy, 2012) globose, dorsally prominent over the sulcus supracoracoideus and with a relatively narrow separation from the cotyla scapularis. Sternally, the impressio m. sternocoracoidei is pneumatic and widely separated from the medial margin by a dorsoventrally thickened (inflated) section of the corpus extending from the angulus medialis. <i>Tibiotarsus:</i> distal end, craniocaudal depth of condylus medialis greater than distal width; proximal attachment for retinaculum extensorium tibiotarsi (ptRET) close to condylus medialis (separation less than proximodistal length of condyle); distal attachment for retinaculum extensorium tibiotarsi (dtRET) is wider than long; the sulcus extensorius is bounded laterally by a rounded ridge (not sharp crest). <i>Tarsometatarsus:</i> elongate, but fossa parahypotarsalis medialis nearly reaches fossa metatarsi I; foramen vascularia proximalia both small; tuberositas m. tibialis cranialis deep set in sulcus extensorius, not prominent; anterior facies adjacent to sulcus extensorius flat to slightly convex; and trochlea metatarsi IV not deeply notched distoplantarly and ends proximad to trochlea metatarsi II.</p> |
| title | Caloenas G. R. GRAY 1840 |
| topic | Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Chordata Aves Columbiformes Columbidae Caloenas |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14857359 |