Neonatal Dengue Fever with Multiple Comorbidities in the Youngest Recorded Patient: Case Report and Literature Review
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2025
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| author | Li, Guanghong |
| author_facet | Li, Guanghong |
| contents | <p><strong><span>Rationale: </span></strong><span>Perinatal complications such as meconium-stained amniotic fluid and maternal dengue fever during pregnancy can precipitate neonatal respiratory distress, necessitating prompt evaluation and management. This case underscores the intersection of maternal infection and neonatal morbidity in a term infant.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Patient Concerns: </span></strong><span>A male neonate, born at 40 weeks</span><span>’ </span><span>gestation via spontaneous vaginal delivery, presented with respiratory distress and phlegm sounds shortly after birth, attributed to grade III meconium-stained amniotic fluid. The mother reported a peak fever of 39</span><span>°</span><span>C during pregnancy due to dengue fever.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Diagnoses: </span></strong><span>Clinical evaluation, laboratory findings (procalcitonin 0.095 ng/mL, C-reactive protein 25.70 mg/L, neutrophils 87.50%), and imaging refined the diagnoses to: 1. Dengue fever (maternally transmitted), 2. Meconium aspiration syndrome, 3. Neonatal cephalohematoma, 4. Neonatal bacterial pneumonia (likely secondary to Ureaplasma infection), 5. Neonatal ischemic-hypoxic myocardial injury, and 6. Patent foramen ovale.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Interventions: </span></strong><span>Upon admission, the neonate received supportive care for respiratory distress and was treated with antibiotics for suspected bacterial pneumonia. Intravenous fluids, vitamin K supplementation, and antibiotics were administered to manage suspected infections and to prevent further complications. Diagnostic tests, including blood gas analysis, coagulation profile, and complete blood counts, were performed, revealing elevated lactate levels and mild anemia. The neonate also received nutritional support and ongoing monitoring in the neonatal unit.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Outcomes: </span></strong><span>The neonate showed gradual improvement with treatment. Although the initial management was intensive due to the severity of respiratory distress and infection, the neonate recovered without further complications. The patient was discharged on day 14, with stable vitals, normal platelet counts, and a resolution of the respiratory symptoms. The final outcome was favorable with no long-term sequelae noted.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Lessons: </span></strong><span>This case highlights the importance of early recognition and management of neonatal complications arising from maternal dengue, as well as the need for thorough diagnostic evaluation in neonates presenting with respiratory distress and systemic symptoms. Early interventions, including appropriate antibiotic therapy and supportive care, can lead to favorable outcomes. Additionally, neonatal dengue and its associated complications should be considered in endemic regions when evaluating neonates born to mothers with a history of dengue infection.</span></p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_14982581 |
| institution | Zenodo |
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| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
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| spellingShingle | Neonatal Dengue Fever with Multiple Comorbidities in the Youngest Recorded Patient: Case Report and Literature Review Li, Guanghong Neonatal dengue; Maternal vertical transmission; Meconium aspiration syndrome; Neonatal pneumonia; Neonatal anemia <p><strong><span>Rationale: </span></strong><span>Perinatal complications such as meconium-stained amniotic fluid and maternal dengue fever during pregnancy can precipitate neonatal respiratory distress, necessitating prompt evaluation and management. This case underscores the intersection of maternal infection and neonatal morbidity in a term infant.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Patient Concerns: </span></strong><span>A male neonate, born at 40 weeks</span><span>’ </span><span>gestation via spontaneous vaginal delivery, presented with respiratory distress and phlegm sounds shortly after birth, attributed to grade III meconium-stained amniotic fluid. The mother reported a peak fever of 39</span><span>°</span><span>C during pregnancy due to dengue fever.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Diagnoses: </span></strong><span>Clinical evaluation, laboratory findings (procalcitonin 0.095 ng/mL, C-reactive protein 25.70 mg/L, neutrophils 87.50%), and imaging refined the diagnoses to: 1. Dengue fever (maternally transmitted), 2. Meconium aspiration syndrome, 3. Neonatal cephalohematoma, 4. Neonatal bacterial pneumonia (likely secondary to Ureaplasma infection), 5. Neonatal ischemic-hypoxic myocardial injury, and 6. Patent foramen ovale.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Interventions: </span></strong><span>Upon admission, the neonate received supportive care for respiratory distress and was treated with antibiotics for suspected bacterial pneumonia. Intravenous fluids, vitamin K supplementation, and antibiotics were administered to manage suspected infections and to prevent further complications. Diagnostic tests, including blood gas analysis, coagulation profile, and complete blood counts, were performed, revealing elevated lactate levels and mild anemia. The neonate also received nutritional support and ongoing monitoring in the neonatal unit.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Outcomes: </span></strong><span>The neonate showed gradual improvement with treatment. Although the initial management was intensive due to the severity of respiratory distress and infection, the neonate recovered without further complications. The patient was discharged on day 14, with stable vitals, normal platelet counts, and a resolution of the respiratory symptoms. The final outcome was favorable with no long-term sequelae noted.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Lessons: </span></strong><span>This case highlights the importance of early recognition and management of neonatal complications arising from maternal dengue, as well as the need for thorough diagnostic evaluation in neonates presenting with respiratory distress and systemic symptoms. Early interventions, including appropriate antibiotic therapy and supportive care, can lead to favorable outcomes. Additionally, neonatal dengue and its associated complications should be considered in endemic regions when evaluating neonates born to mothers with a history of dengue infection.</span></p> |
| title | Neonatal Dengue Fever with Multiple Comorbidities in the Youngest Recorded Patient: Case Report and Literature Review |
| topic | Neonatal dengue; Maternal vertical transmission; Meconium aspiration syndrome; Neonatal pneumonia; Neonatal anemia |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14982581 |