Table 2 in A new deep-water Tethya (Porifera, Tethyida, Tethyidae) from the Great Australian Bight and an updated Tethyida phylogeny
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| author | Sorokin, Shirley J. Ekins, Merrick G. Yang, Qi Cárdenas, Paco |
| author_facet | Sorokin, Shirley J. Ekins, Merrick G. Yang, Qi Cárdenas, Paco |
| contents | <p><b>Table 2</b> (continued). Comparison of morphology between species of <i>Tethya</i> Lamarck, 1815 from Australia and New Zealand.</p><table><thead><tr><th><b>Species</b></th><th><b>External appearance</b></th><th><b>Body diam. Colour</b></th><th><b>Skeletal arrangement</b></th><th><b>Spicules</b></th><th><b>Type locality</b></th><th><b>Depth</b> (m)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th><i>T. compacta</i> Bergquist, 1961 3</th><td>Rhomboid, with lateral fan- like projections. Stony.</td><td>8 mm Mid brown (in ethanol)</td><td>Tracts (356–722) (in ectosome). Endosome with radiate structure.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> strongyloxeas (to 1574 × 21) <b>me:</b> spherasters (25–43) <b>mi:</b> tylasters (7–12)</td><td>Chatham Rise, New Zealand</td><td>402</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. communis</i> Bergquist & Kelly-Borges, 1991 2</th><td>Spherical to subspherical; growing in clumps.</td><td>7–12 mm Dull grey pink (in ethanol)</td><td>Flexuous tracts of megasclere bundles (125–300) have elaborate tertiary branching.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> anisostrongyloxeas (to 1225 × 12) <b>me:</b> oxyspherasters (38–55), oxyasters (7–12) <b>mi:</b> includes polyrhabds</td><td>Cape Banks, New South Wales, Australia</td><td>Intertidal</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. dendyi</i> Sarà & Sarà, 2004 1</th><td>Body covered in small, flattened tubercules. <b>Rhizoid-like stolons.</b></td><td>20 mm Pale buff (in ethanol)</td><td>Tracts of megasclere bundles (250–500) branch in choanosome and form fans in cortex.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> strongyloxeas and styles (to 980 × 15) <b>me:</b> spherasters 20–30 <b>mi:</b> tylasters/chiasters/oxyasters (10–16)</td><td>Pt Phillip Heads, Victoria, Australia</td><td>Unknowna</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. expansa</i> Sarà & Sarà, 2004 1</th><td>Irregular shape, very hard, irregular labyrinthine tubercules.</td><td>20–30 mm Unknown</td><td>Tracts of megasclere bundles (250–500) form secondary branching in cortex with fans at surface.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> strongyloxeas and anisostrongyles (1400 × 28) <b>me:</b> spherasters/oxyasters (30–50) <b>mi:</b> tylasters/chiasters/oxyasters (7–13)</td><td>Ahipara Bay, New Zealand</td><td>Unknown</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. fastigata</i> Bergquist & Kelly-Borges, 1991 2</th><td>Ovoid; 1–3 large raised apical oscules; surface conulose. <b>Short, thick stolons.</b></td><td>40–60 mm Bright orange</td><td>Fine, widely separated tracts of megasclere bundles (275–539) radiate slightly towards surface.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> anisostrongyloxeas (to 2425 × 35) <b>me:</b> oxyasters (18–39) <b>mi:</b> various incl. acanthotylasters/chiasters (9–20)</td><td>Poor Knights Isl. New Zealand</td><td>25–40</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. fissurata</i> Lendenfeld, 1888 4,5</th><td>Spherical; tubercules separated by deep grooves. <b>Thick stalk which divides into roots.</b></td><td>40 mm Beige (in ethanol)</td><td>Tracts of megasclere bundles branch in the tubercules, supporting the edge of the tubercules and spicules extend through the surface.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> strongyloxeas (to 4000 × 80) <b>me:</b> short-rayed spherasters (160), long- rayed spherasters (240) <b>mi:</b> oxyasters (55), tylasters (19)</td><td>Pt Jackson, New South Wales, Australia</td><td>Unknownb</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. flexuosa</i> Sarà & Sarà, 2004 1</th><td>Irregular spherical shape. Tubercules rounded and slightly conical and carry thin filaments. Elastic consistency. <b>Basal rhizoid stolons.</b></td><td>18–35 mm Brownish- white</td><td>Tracts of megasclere bundles (250–750) branch into secondary and tertiary branches in cortex.</td><td><b>Ms</b> strongyloxeas and anisostrongyles (to 2600 × 50) <b>me:</b> spherasters & oxyspherasters (30–80) <b>mi:</b> tylasters (10–15), oxyasters (10–50)</td><td>NW Australia</td><td>30–62</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. gigantea</i> (Lendenfeld, 1888) 4</th><td>Spherical; surface with 7 mm high mounds; tuberculose.</td><td>60–90 mm Orange-red</td><td>Widely spaced tracts of megasclere bundles (500–700), separating only slightly in surface tufts.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> strongyles (2000 × 35) <b>me:</b> oxyspherasters (30–60) <b>mi:</b> chiasters/oxyasters (10–20) & polyrhabds</td><td>Pt Jackson, New South Wales, Australia</td><td>Unknownb</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. gunni</i> Sarà & Sarà, 2004 1</th><td>Smooth with small conulated tubercules.</td><td>25 mm Faded purple (in ethanol)</td><td>Tracts of megasclere bundles (250–500) branch in the choanosome ending in compact fans in tubercules.</td><td><b>Ms</b> strongyloxeas (to 1850 × 35), styles (to 800 × 10) <b>me:</b> spherasters (20–55) <b>mi:</b> tylasters/chiasters/oxyasters</td><td>Tasmania, Australia</td><td>Unknown</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. hooperi</i> Sarà & Sarà, 2004 1</th><td>Body ellipsoid; smooth surface, no tubercules.</td><td>20–30 mm Ochraceous (in ethanol)</td><td>Tracts of megasclere bundles (250–500) radiate in cortex with secondary and tertiary branching.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> strongyloxeas (to 1530 × 20) <b>me:</b> spherasters (30–60) <b>mi:</b> tylasters (8–14) oxyasters (15–25)</td><td>Heron, Is. Great Barrier Reef, Australia</td><td>12</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. ingalli</i> Bowerbank, 1858 1</th><td>Spherical/sub-spherical; flattened often inconspicuous tubercules. <b>Basal stolons.</b></td><td>30–50 mm Pinkish</td><td>Tracts of megasclere bundles split into secondary and tertiary branches in cortex.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> strongyloxeas/anisostrongyles (to 2130 × 30) <b>me:</b> oxyspherasters (70–90) <b>mi:</b> tylasters (10–15), chiasters, oxyasters (20–30)</td><td>SW Australia</td><td>30–50</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. japonica</i> Sollas, 1888 6</th><td>Spherical; conules rounded; gemmiferous.</td><td>13–22 mm Greyish white</td><td>[No details on tracts.]</td><td><b>Ms:</b> strongyloxeas (to 1500 × 26) <b>me:</b> spherasters (67) <b>mi:</b> chiasters (12)</td><td>Eastern Philippines</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. laevis</i> (Lendenfeld, 1888) 4</th><td>Spherical/ovate; surface smooth to tuberculate.</td><td>30–45 mm Light brown (in ethanol)</td><td>Tracts of megasclere bundles (500–800) expand to surface tufts.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> strongyloxeas (to 2000 × 36) <b>me:</b> spherasters (30–60) <b>mi:</b> chiasters/oxyasters (10–20), tylasters (10–15), polyrhabds</td><td>Pt Jackson, New South Wales, Australia</td><td>Unknown2</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. magna</i> Kirkpatrick, 1903 1,7</th><td>Oval or spherical; conulated surface (in young specimens), expanding to polygonal plates. <b>Tree-like rootlets.</b></td><td>70 mm Purplebrown (in ethanol)</td><td>Tracts of stout megasclere bundles (500–1000), unbranched but with terminal fans.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> strongyloxeas (to 4805 × 75) <b>me:</b> spherasters (120) <b>mi:</b> asters (35–45), chiasters (12–17)</td><td>Natal, South Africa</td><td>62</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. microstella</i> Sarà, 1990 8</th><td>Hemispherical/cushion- like; tubercules vary from conules to flat papillae.</td><td>10 mm Brownish/ light yellow</td><td>Tracts of megasclere bundles in choanosome are accompanied by styles in cortex.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> strongyloxeas (to 1600 × 15) <b>me:</b> spherasters (30–80) <b>mi:</b> tylasters (4–6) & larger ‘other micrasters’</td><td>Pioneer Bay, Orpheus Is, Queensland, Australia</td><td>0–1</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. monstrosa</i> (Burton, 1924) 9</th><td>Spherical; sub-glabrous, a few small buds attached. <b>Rooting processes well developed.</b></td><td>14–25 mm Nut brown (in ethanol)</td><td>Radial tracts of megasclere bundles spread out into fans at surface.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> strongyloxeas <b>me:</b> spherasters (48) <b>mi:</b> tylasters (20) & oxyasters (32). Many microscleres have abnormalities where the tyles & spines are reduced to knobs or absent leaving just a sphere.</td><td>Tasmania</td><td>Unknown</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. mortoni</i> Bergquist & Kelly-Borges, 1991 2</th><td>Ovoid; low tubercules. Buds on erect filaments.</td><td>6–8 mm Maize yellow</td><td>Fine tracts of megasclere bundles (122–490) uniform from choanosome to cortex, expand slightly in cortex. Interstitial spicules radial.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> anisostrongyloxeas (to1092 × 21) <b>me:</b> long-rayed oxyspherasters (26–62), short rayed oxyspherasters (28–52) <b>mi:</b> incl. acanthostrongylasters & acanthotylasters (8–13)</td><td>Manukau Harbour, Auckland, New Zealand</td><td>0.5</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. multistella</i> Lendenfeld, 1888 4,1</th><td>Spherical to subspherical; regularly tuberculose.</td><td>20–40 mm Red, flesh or rose</td><td>Radial tracts of megasclere bundles (300–500) are trumpet- like in shape and spread to secondary and tertiary branches in tubercules.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> strongyloxeas (to 3500 × 18) <b>me:</b> spherasters (20–50) <b>mi:</b> tylasters (12–16), oxyasters (5–10)</td><td>Pt. Jackson, New South Wales Australia</td><td>Unknown</td></tr><tr><th><i>T.</i> <i>orphei</i> Sarà, 1990 8</th><td>Subspherical; lengthened</td><td></td><td>[Tracts/bundles not</td><td><b>Ms:</b> strongyloxeas, (to 1600 × 15) styles</td><td>Pioneer Bay,</td><td>0–1</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>but apically flattened tubercules at top of sponge, smooth elsewhere.</td><td>5 mm Brown yellowish</td><td>described.]</td><td>(to 1200 × 10) <b>me:</b> spherasters (10–50) <b>mi:</b> chiasters & tylasters (8–12), oxyasters (10–30)</td><td>Orpheus Is, Queensland, Australia</td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>T.</i> <i>pellis</i> Bergquist & Kelly-Borges, 1991 2</th><td>Flattened subspherical, tubercules divided by pore grooves; firm but compressible.</td><td>40 mm Flesh rose</td><td>Tracts of megasclere bundles widely spaced – branch in top third of cortex into fans.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> anisostrongyloxeas (to 2075 × 30) <b>me:</b> oxyspherasters (25–120), oxyasters (20–25) <b>mi:</b> acantho-chiasters/tylasters/ oxyspherasters (13–18), microoxyasters (5–11)</td><td>Fairlight, Sydney Harbour, New South Wales, Australia</td><td>Intertidal</td></tr><tr><th><i>T.</i> <i>popae</i> Bergquist & Kelly-Borges, 1991 2</th><td>Irregular subspherical; ill-defined tubercules or smooth; 2–8 apical oscules; sponges can cluster connected by stolons.</td><td>8–16 mm Bright deep orange</td><td>Flexuous tracts of megasclere bundles have elaborate tertiary branching.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> anisostrongyloxeas (to 910 × 10) <b>me:</b> oxyspherasters (20–55) <b>mi:</b> acanthochiasters & acanthostrongylasters (7–13), microoxyasters (2–10)</td><td>Cape Banks, New South Wales, Australia</td><td>Intertidal</td></tr><tr><th><i>T.</i> <i>pulitzeri</i> Sarà & Sarà, 2004 1</th><td>[No description, species designation from slides only.]</td><td>Unknown Unknown</td><td>Unknown.</td><td><b>Ms</b>: strongyloxeas, anisostrongyles (to 1100 × 15) <b>me:</b> oxyspherasters (30–50) <b>mi:</b> tylasters & chiasters (8–10), oxyasters (10–15)</td><td>Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia</td><td>Unknown</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. robusta</i> (Bowerbank, 1873) 1</th><td>Hemispherical; polygonal areas separated by grooves <b>Attached by short broad robust basal stolons.</b></td><td>30–50 mm Yellow-grey</td><td>Slim tracts of megasclere bundles expand slightly in cortex.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> anisostrongyloxeas (to 1850 × 32) <b>me:</b> oxyspheraster (30–90), oxyasters (11–22) <b>mi:</b> acantho-tylasters/strongylasters (7–12), microoxyspherasters (4–5)</td><td>Australia</td><td>0.2–30</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. seychellensis</i> (Wright, 1881) 1,2</th><td>Spherical or hemispherical; smooth with flattened</td><td></td><td>Tracts of megasclere bundles (250–500) have</td><td><b>Ms:</b> anisostrongyloxeas (to 1500 × 30) <b>me:</b> oxyspherasters (17–76), oxyasters</td><td>Dampier, Western Australia</td><td>Intertidal</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>polygonal tubercules separated by grooves; firm compressible. <b>Attached by fine stolons.</b></td><td>15–25 mm Brown red</td><td>secondary branching in cortex – spicules protrude well beyond surface.</td><td>(32–50) <b>mi:</b> acanthochiasters & acanthostrongylasters (7–13), microasters (7–17)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>T. stellodermis</i> Sarà & Sarà, 2004 1</th><td>[Shape not described]; surface of very flattened tubercules; very hard.</td><td>25 mm Pale purple brown (in ethanol)</td><td>Thick tracts of megasclere bundles (300–500) branch into secondary and tertiary tracts in cortex.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> strongyloxeas (to 1400 × 28) <b>me:</b> spherasters/oxyasters (10–40) <b>mi:</b> various incl. tylasters (20–25), oxyasters (5–10)</td><td>Pt Phillip Heads, Victoria</td><td>Unknown</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. stolonifera</i> Bergquist & Kelly- Borges, 1991 2</th><td>Spherical to subspherical; circular or polygonal tubercules; soft compressible. <b>Extensive stolons.</b></td><td>3–11 mm Reddish yellow</td><td>Narrow well separated tracts of megasclere bundles (200–425) radiate in cortex forming conical brushes.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> anisostrongyloxeas (to 1225 × 26) <b>me:</b> oxyspherasters (13–76); <b>mi:</b> acanthostrongylasters, acanthotylasters (8–14) rare microoxyspherasters (3–10)</td><td>Waitemata Harbour, Auckland, New Zealand</td><td>0. 5–1.5</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. tasmaniae</i> Sarà & Sarà, 2004 1</th><td>Spherical with small tubercules.</td><td>20 mm Unknown</td><td>Tracts of megasclere bundles (500–1000) branch in choanosome and end in cortex as wide cones.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> strongyloxeas/anisostrongyles (to 1200 × 20) <b>me:</b> spherasters 20–50 <b>mi:</b> various e.g., tylasters, oxyasters (3 types), chiasters</td><td>Blackmans Bay, Tasmania, Australia</td><td>Unknown</td></tr></tbody></table><p><b>Sources.</b> <sup>1</sup> Sarà & Sarà (2004); <sup>2</sup> Bergquist & Kelly-Borges (1991); <sup>3</sup> Bergquist (1961); <sup>4</sup> Lendenfeld (1888); <sup>5</sup> Hallmann (1914); <sup>6</sup> Sollas (1888); <sup>7</sup> Kirkpatrick (1903); <sup>8</sup> Sarà (1990); <sup>9</sup> Burton (1924).</p><p><b>Notes.</b> * unknown, or not noted in sources. <sup>a</sup> Maximum depth of Pt Phillip Heads is 50 m (Barton <i>et al</i>. 2012); <sup>b</sup> Maximum depth of Pt Jackson is 45 m (Johnston <i>et al</i>. 2015). <i>Tethya diploderma</i> Schmidt, 1870 is listed as occurring in New Zealand by Kelly <i>et al.</i> (2009), but is not included as this is currently shown as inaccurate by van Soest (2019). <i>Tethya compacta</i> Bergquist, 1961 is not included in the list of Australia and New Zealand species by Sarà & Sarà (2004) due to its synonymisation by Bergquist with <i>T. aurantium</i> (Pallas, 1766), however they note that the taxonomic status of <i>T. compacta</i> “remains uncertain”; it is included here as it is shown as accepted by van Soest (2019). The occurance of <i>T. aurantium</i> in New Zealand is shown as inaccurate (van Soest 2019) and is not included here.</p> |
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| publisher | Zenodo |
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| spellingShingle | Table 2 in A new deep-water Tethya (Porifera, Tethyida, Tethyidae) from the Great Australian Bight and an updated Tethyida phylogeny Sorokin, Shirley J. Ekins, Merrick G. Yang, Qi Cárdenas, Paco Biodiversity Taxonomy <p><b>Table 2</b> (continued). Comparison of morphology between species of <i>Tethya</i> Lamarck, 1815 from Australia and New Zealand.</p><table><thead><tr><th><b>Species</b></th><th><b>External appearance</b></th><th><b>Body diam. Colour</b></th><th><b>Skeletal arrangement</b></th><th><b>Spicules</b></th><th><b>Type locality</b></th><th><b>Depth</b> (m)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th><i>T. compacta</i> Bergquist, 1961 3</th><td>Rhomboid, with lateral fan- like projections. Stony.</td><td>8 mm Mid brown (in ethanol)</td><td>Tracts (356–722) (in ectosome). Endosome with radiate structure.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> strongyloxeas (to 1574 × 21) <b>me:</b> spherasters (25–43) <b>mi:</b> tylasters (7–12)</td><td>Chatham Rise, New Zealand</td><td>402</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. communis</i> Bergquist & Kelly-Borges, 1991 2</th><td>Spherical to subspherical; growing in clumps.</td><td>7–12 mm Dull grey pink (in ethanol)</td><td>Flexuous tracts of megasclere bundles (125–300) have elaborate tertiary branching.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> anisostrongyloxeas (to 1225 × 12) <b>me:</b> oxyspherasters (38–55), oxyasters (7–12) <b>mi:</b> includes polyrhabds</td><td>Cape Banks, New South Wales, Australia</td><td>Intertidal</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. dendyi</i> Sarà & Sarà, 2004 1</th><td>Body covered in small, flattened tubercules. <b>Rhizoid-like stolons.</b></td><td>20 mm Pale buff (in ethanol)</td><td>Tracts of megasclere bundles (250–500) branch in choanosome and form fans in cortex.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> strongyloxeas and styles (to 980 × 15) <b>me:</b> spherasters 20–30 <b>mi:</b> tylasters/chiasters/oxyasters (10–16)</td><td>Pt Phillip Heads, Victoria, Australia</td><td>Unknowna</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. expansa</i> Sarà & Sarà, 2004 1</th><td>Irregular shape, very hard, irregular labyrinthine tubercules.</td><td>20–30 mm Unknown</td><td>Tracts of megasclere bundles (250–500) form secondary branching in cortex with fans at surface.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> strongyloxeas and anisostrongyles (1400 × 28) <b>me:</b> spherasters/oxyasters (30–50) <b>mi:</b> tylasters/chiasters/oxyasters (7–13)</td><td>Ahipara Bay, New Zealand</td><td>Unknown</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. fastigata</i> Bergquist & Kelly-Borges, 1991 2</th><td>Ovoid; 1–3 large raised apical oscules; surface conulose. <b>Short, thick stolons.</b></td><td>40–60 mm Bright orange</td><td>Fine, widely separated tracts of megasclere bundles (275–539) radiate slightly towards surface.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> anisostrongyloxeas (to 2425 × 35) <b>me:</b> oxyasters (18–39) <b>mi:</b> various incl. acanthotylasters/chiasters (9–20)</td><td>Poor Knights Isl. New Zealand</td><td>25–40</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. fissurata</i> Lendenfeld, 1888 4,5</th><td>Spherical; tubercules separated by deep grooves. <b>Thick stalk which divides into roots.</b></td><td>40 mm Beige (in ethanol)</td><td>Tracts of megasclere bundles branch in the tubercules, supporting the edge of the tubercules and spicules extend through the surface.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> strongyloxeas (to 4000 × 80) <b>me:</b> short-rayed spherasters (160), long- rayed spherasters (240) <b>mi:</b> oxyasters (55), tylasters (19)</td><td>Pt Jackson, New South Wales, Australia</td><td>Unknownb</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. flexuosa</i> Sarà & Sarà, 2004 1</th><td>Irregular spherical shape. Tubercules rounded and slightly conical and carry thin filaments. Elastic consistency. <b>Basal rhizoid stolons.</b></td><td>18–35 mm Brownish- white</td><td>Tracts of megasclere bundles (250–750) branch into secondary and tertiary branches in cortex.</td><td><b>Ms</b> strongyloxeas and anisostrongyles (to 2600 × 50) <b>me:</b> spherasters & oxyspherasters (30–80) <b>mi:</b> tylasters (10–15), oxyasters (10–50)</td><td>NW Australia</td><td>30–62</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. gigantea</i> (Lendenfeld, 1888) 4</th><td>Spherical; surface with 7 mm high mounds; tuberculose.</td><td>60–90 mm Orange-red</td><td>Widely spaced tracts of megasclere bundles (500–700), separating only slightly in surface tufts.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> strongyles (2000 × 35) <b>me:</b> oxyspherasters (30–60) <b>mi:</b> chiasters/oxyasters (10–20) & polyrhabds</td><td>Pt Jackson, New South Wales, Australia</td><td>Unknownb</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. gunni</i> Sarà & Sarà, 2004 1</th><td>Smooth with small conulated tubercules.</td><td>25 mm Faded purple (in ethanol)</td><td>Tracts of megasclere bundles (250–500) branch in the choanosome ending in compact fans in tubercules.</td><td><b>Ms</b> strongyloxeas (to 1850 × 35), styles (to 800 × 10) <b>me:</b> spherasters (20–55) <b>mi:</b> tylasters/chiasters/oxyasters</td><td>Tasmania, Australia</td><td>Unknown</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. hooperi</i> Sarà & Sarà, 2004 1</th><td>Body ellipsoid; smooth surface, no tubercules.</td><td>20–30 mm Ochraceous (in ethanol)</td><td>Tracts of megasclere bundles (250–500) radiate in cortex with secondary and tertiary branching.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> strongyloxeas (to 1530 × 20) <b>me:</b> spherasters (30–60) <b>mi:</b> tylasters (8–14) oxyasters (15–25)</td><td>Heron, Is. Great Barrier Reef, Australia</td><td>12</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. ingalli</i> Bowerbank, 1858 1</th><td>Spherical/sub-spherical; flattened often inconspicuous tubercules. <b>Basal stolons.</b></td><td>30–50 mm Pinkish</td><td>Tracts of megasclere bundles split into secondary and tertiary branches in cortex.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> strongyloxeas/anisostrongyles (to 2130 × 30) <b>me:</b> oxyspherasters (70–90) <b>mi:</b> tylasters (10–15), chiasters, oxyasters (20–30)</td><td>SW Australia</td><td>30–50</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. japonica</i> Sollas, 1888 6</th><td>Spherical; conules rounded; gemmiferous.</td><td>13–22 mm Greyish white</td><td>[No details on tracts.]</td><td><b>Ms:</b> strongyloxeas (to 1500 × 26) <b>me:</b> spherasters (67) <b>mi:</b> chiasters (12)</td><td>Eastern Philippines</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. laevis</i> (Lendenfeld, 1888) 4</th><td>Spherical/ovate; surface smooth to tuberculate.</td><td>30–45 mm Light brown (in ethanol)</td><td>Tracts of megasclere bundles (500–800) expand to surface tufts.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> strongyloxeas (to 2000 × 36) <b>me:</b> spherasters (30–60) <b>mi:</b> chiasters/oxyasters (10–20), tylasters (10–15), polyrhabds</td><td>Pt Jackson, New South Wales, Australia</td><td>Unknown2</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. magna</i> Kirkpatrick, 1903 1,7</th><td>Oval or spherical; conulated surface (in young specimens), expanding to polygonal plates. <b>Tree-like rootlets.</b></td><td>70 mm Purplebrown (in ethanol)</td><td>Tracts of stout megasclere bundles (500–1000), unbranched but with terminal fans.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> strongyloxeas (to 4805 × 75) <b>me:</b> spherasters (120) <b>mi:</b> asters (35–45), chiasters (12–17)</td><td>Natal, South Africa</td><td>62</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. microstella</i> Sarà, 1990 8</th><td>Hemispherical/cushion- like; tubercules vary from conules to flat papillae.</td><td>10 mm Brownish/ light yellow</td><td>Tracts of megasclere bundles in choanosome are accompanied by styles in cortex.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> strongyloxeas (to 1600 × 15) <b>me:</b> spherasters (30–80) <b>mi:</b> tylasters (4–6) & larger ‘other micrasters’</td><td>Pioneer Bay, Orpheus Is, Queensland, Australia</td><td>0–1</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. monstrosa</i> (Burton, 1924) 9</th><td>Spherical; sub-glabrous, a few small buds attached. <b>Rooting processes well developed.</b></td><td>14–25 mm Nut brown (in ethanol)</td><td>Radial tracts of megasclere bundles spread out into fans at surface.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> strongyloxeas <b>me:</b> spherasters (48) <b>mi:</b> tylasters (20) & oxyasters (32). Many microscleres have abnormalities where the tyles & spines are reduced to knobs or absent leaving just a sphere.</td><td>Tasmania</td><td>Unknown</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. mortoni</i> Bergquist & Kelly-Borges, 1991 2</th><td>Ovoid; low tubercules. Buds on erect filaments.</td><td>6–8 mm Maize yellow</td><td>Fine tracts of megasclere bundles (122–490) uniform from choanosome to cortex, expand slightly in cortex. Interstitial spicules radial.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> anisostrongyloxeas (to1092 × 21) <b>me:</b> long-rayed oxyspherasters (26–62), short rayed oxyspherasters (28–52) <b>mi:</b> incl. acanthostrongylasters & acanthotylasters (8–13)</td><td>Manukau Harbour, Auckland, New Zealand</td><td>0.5</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. multistella</i> Lendenfeld, 1888 4,1</th><td>Spherical to subspherical; regularly tuberculose.</td><td>20–40 mm Red, flesh or rose</td><td>Radial tracts of megasclere bundles (300–500) are trumpet- like in shape and spread to secondary and tertiary branches in tubercules.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> strongyloxeas (to 3500 × 18) <b>me:</b> spherasters (20–50) <b>mi:</b> tylasters (12–16), oxyasters (5–10)</td><td>Pt. Jackson, New South Wales Australia</td><td>Unknown</td></tr><tr><th><i>T.</i> <i>orphei</i> Sarà, 1990 8</th><td>Subspherical; lengthened</td><td></td><td>[Tracts/bundles not</td><td><b>Ms:</b> strongyloxeas, (to 1600 × 15) styles</td><td>Pioneer Bay,</td><td>0–1</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>but apically flattened tubercules at top of sponge, smooth elsewhere.</td><td>5 mm Brown yellowish</td><td>described.]</td><td>(to 1200 × 10) <b>me:</b> spherasters (10–50) <b>mi:</b> chiasters & tylasters (8–12), oxyasters (10–30)</td><td>Orpheus Is, Queensland, Australia</td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>T.</i> <i>pellis</i> Bergquist & Kelly-Borges, 1991 2</th><td>Flattened subspherical, tubercules divided by pore grooves; firm but compressible.</td><td>40 mm Flesh rose</td><td>Tracts of megasclere bundles widely spaced – branch in top third of cortex into fans.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> anisostrongyloxeas (to 2075 × 30) <b>me:</b> oxyspherasters (25–120), oxyasters (20–25) <b>mi:</b> acantho-chiasters/tylasters/ oxyspherasters (13–18), microoxyasters (5–11)</td><td>Fairlight, Sydney Harbour, New South Wales, Australia</td><td>Intertidal</td></tr><tr><th><i>T.</i> <i>popae</i> Bergquist & Kelly-Borges, 1991 2</th><td>Irregular subspherical; ill-defined tubercules or smooth; 2–8 apical oscules; sponges can cluster connected by stolons.</td><td>8–16 mm Bright deep orange</td><td>Flexuous tracts of megasclere bundles have elaborate tertiary branching.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> anisostrongyloxeas (to 910 × 10) <b>me:</b> oxyspherasters (20–55) <b>mi:</b> acanthochiasters & acanthostrongylasters (7–13), microoxyasters (2–10)</td><td>Cape Banks, New South Wales, Australia</td><td>Intertidal</td></tr><tr><th><i>T.</i> <i>pulitzeri</i> Sarà & Sarà, 2004 1</th><td>[No description, species designation from slides only.]</td><td>Unknown Unknown</td><td>Unknown.</td><td><b>Ms</b>: strongyloxeas, anisostrongyles (to 1100 × 15) <b>me:</b> oxyspherasters (30–50) <b>mi:</b> tylasters & chiasters (8–10), oxyasters (10–15)</td><td>Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia</td><td>Unknown</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. robusta</i> (Bowerbank, 1873) 1</th><td>Hemispherical; polygonal areas separated by grooves <b>Attached by short broad robust basal stolons.</b></td><td>30–50 mm Yellow-grey</td><td>Slim tracts of megasclere bundles expand slightly in cortex.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> anisostrongyloxeas (to 1850 × 32) <b>me:</b> oxyspheraster (30–90), oxyasters (11–22) <b>mi:</b> acantho-tylasters/strongylasters (7–12), microoxyspherasters (4–5)</td><td>Australia</td><td>0.2–30</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. seychellensis</i> (Wright, 1881) 1,2</th><td>Spherical or hemispherical; smooth with flattened</td><td></td><td>Tracts of megasclere bundles (250–500) have</td><td><b>Ms:</b> anisostrongyloxeas (to 1500 × 30) <b>me:</b> oxyspherasters (17–76), oxyasters</td><td>Dampier, Western Australia</td><td>Intertidal</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>polygonal tubercules separated by grooves; firm compressible. <b>Attached by fine stolons.</b></td><td>15–25 mm Brown red</td><td>secondary branching in cortex – spicules protrude well beyond surface.</td><td>(32–50) <b>mi:</b> acanthochiasters & acanthostrongylasters (7–13), microasters (7–17)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>T. stellodermis</i> Sarà & Sarà, 2004 1</th><td>[Shape not described]; surface of very flattened tubercules; very hard.</td><td>25 mm Pale purple brown (in ethanol)</td><td>Thick tracts of megasclere bundles (300–500) branch into secondary and tertiary tracts in cortex.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> strongyloxeas (to 1400 × 28) <b>me:</b> spherasters/oxyasters (10–40) <b>mi:</b> various incl. tylasters (20–25), oxyasters (5–10)</td><td>Pt Phillip Heads, Victoria</td><td>Unknown</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. stolonifera</i> Bergquist & Kelly- Borges, 1991 2</th><td>Spherical to subspherical; circular or polygonal tubercules; soft compressible. <b>Extensive stolons.</b></td><td>3–11 mm Reddish yellow</td><td>Narrow well separated tracts of megasclere bundles (200–425) radiate in cortex forming conical brushes.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> anisostrongyloxeas (to 1225 × 26) <b>me:</b> oxyspherasters (13–76); <b>mi:</b> acanthostrongylasters, acanthotylasters (8–14) rare microoxyspherasters (3–10)</td><td>Waitemata Harbour, Auckland, New Zealand</td><td>0. 5–1.5</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. tasmaniae</i> Sarà & Sarà, 2004 1</th><td>Spherical with small tubercules.</td><td>20 mm Unknown</td><td>Tracts of megasclere bundles (500–1000) branch in choanosome and end in cortex as wide cones.</td><td><b>Ms:</b> strongyloxeas/anisostrongyles (to 1200 × 20) <b>me:</b> spherasters 20–50 <b>mi:</b> various e.g., tylasters, oxyasters (3 types), chiasters</td><td>Blackmans Bay, Tasmania, Australia</td><td>Unknown</td></tr></tbody></table><p><b>Sources.</b> <sup>1</sup> Sarà & Sarà (2004); <sup>2</sup> Bergquist & Kelly-Borges (1991); <sup>3</sup> Bergquist (1961); <sup>4</sup> Lendenfeld (1888); <sup>5</sup> Hallmann (1914); <sup>6</sup> Sollas (1888); <sup>7</sup> Kirkpatrick (1903); <sup>8</sup> Sarà (1990); <sup>9</sup> Burton (1924).</p><p><b>Notes.</b> * unknown, or not noted in sources. <sup>a</sup> Maximum depth of Pt Phillip Heads is 50 m (Barton <i>et al</i>. 2012); <sup>b</sup> Maximum depth of Pt Jackson is 45 m (Johnston <i>et al</i>. 2015). <i>Tethya diploderma</i> Schmidt, 1870 is listed as occurring in New Zealand by Kelly <i>et al.</i> (2009), but is not included as this is currently shown as inaccurate by van Soest (2019). <i>Tethya compacta</i> Bergquist, 1961 is not included in the list of Australia and New Zealand species by Sarà & Sarà (2004) due to its synonymisation by Bergquist with <i>T. aurantium</i> (Pallas, 1766), however they note that the taxonomic status of <i>T. compacta</i> “remains uncertain”; it is included here as it is shown as accepted by van Soest (2019). The occurance of <i>T. aurantium</i> in New Zealand is shown as inaccurate (van Soest 2019) and is not included here.</p> |
| title | Table 2 in A new deep-water Tethya (Porifera, Tethyida, Tethyidae) from the Great Australian Bight and an updated Tethyida phylogeny |
| topic | Biodiversity Taxonomy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15153471 |