| _version_ | 1866901337795461120 |
|---|---|
| author | Blanco, Mario A. |
| author_facet | Blanco, Mario A. |
| contents | <p><i>Lockhartia rugosifolia</i> M.A.Blanco, <i>sp. nov</i>. (Figs. 3, 5B,C)</p><p>Distinguished by its long, pendulous stems, rugulose leaves, and campanulate, yellow flowers with an oblong callus. Differs from <i>Lockhartia parthenocomos</i> (Reichenbach 1852a: 639) Reichenbach (1852b: 767) by its rugulose leaves, inflorescence rachis completely concealed by bracts, smaller, yellow flowers (6−11 mm across), retuse labellum, and rectangular callus (vs. smooth leaves, inflorescence rachis not concealed by bracts, larger, white to cream flowers (10−15 mm across), suborbicular, labellum apex widely round, and callus formed by a transverse ledge in <i>L. parthenocomos</i>).</p><p><b>Type:—</b> PERU. Amazonas: [prov. Bongará?], Utcubamba river floodplain forest near Jazan (below Shipasbamba), 1400 m, 29 June 1962, <i>Wurdack 1090</i> (holotype: AMES!; isotypes: NY!, USM!).</p><p>Stems completely pendulous, more or less flexible, 28−84 cm long when reproductive, with 38−72 leaves; shoots (stem and leaves) 13−25 mm wide. Leaves marcescent, unifacial, laterally flattened, narrowly triangular in side view, with straight to slightly convex or concave abaxial (outer) margins, acute, rugulose–foveolate; exposed part of largest leaves 11−56 × 2−9 mm. Inflorescences both terminal and axillary from distal half of the stem, resembling grass spikelets, up to 11 per stem (sequentially produced?), with 1−4 flowers produced more or less sequentially; the rachis completely obscured by the bracts; exserted portion (i.e., part not hidden by the subtending leaf sheath) 1−2 cm long, internodes 1−2 mm long; inflorescence bracts amplexicaul, conduplicate, narrowly triangular to ovate, acute, scarious, 5−11 × 1−4 mm; pedicel and ovary 5−7 mm long, hidden by the floral bract. Flowers pendulous to resupinate, campanulate, 6−11 mm across, dark yellow with several pale brownish-orange horizontal bars across the center of the labellum (under the trichome pad). Sepals ovate, slightly concave, acute, 5−6 × 3−4 mm. Petals widely elliptic, flat, apically rounded, 6 × 5 mm. Labellum suborbicular, shallowly 3-lobate, 7−8 mm long, 10−11 mm wide when flattened; side lobes wider than long, transversely elliptic, slightly concave, 3 × 6−7 mm; midlobe wider than long, 2-lobulate, retuse, slightly reflexed, 2−3 × 5−6 mm; callus oblong, smooth, puberulous, not markedly thickened, occupying the central portion of the labellum, 4 × 2.5 mm. Column narrowly winged, subrhombic to spathulate, 3 × 2 mm, the wings obliquely oval and decurrent, wider distally, 0.5 × 1.5 mm; anther cap galeate, 1 × 1 mm; pollinarium 1 mm long. Fruit (undehisced) obovoid, 12−15 × 7 mm.</p><p><b>Phenology:—</b> Field collections indicate that <i>Lockhartia rugosifolia</i> flowers at least in the months of January, May, June, August, and October. Flowers may actually be produced continuously or sporadically throughout the year.</p><p><b>Distribution:—</b> Presently known from the Peruvian department of Amazonas, in the provinces of Bongará, Chachapoyas, and Rodríguez de Mendoza, in the Utcubamba River basin, from 1200 to 1600 m (but see below), on the eastern (Amazonian) side of the Andes. Apparently also present in the southeastern Ecuadorian province of Zamora-Chinchipe, on the basis of <i>Hirtz et al. 7329</i> (SEL, from a cultivated plant reportedly collected in Zumba) and <i>D’Alessandro 753</i> (RPSC, not found, listed as <i>L. parthenocomos</i> in Dodson & Bennett 1989 and in the Tropicos database (http://www.tropicos.org/Specimen/642345, last consulted on 28 January 2013); see commentary regarding confusion with the latter species).</p><p>I have also not been able to locate the specimen <i>D. & A. Bennett 3409</i>, cited by Dodson & Bennett (1989, as <i>L. parthenocomos</i>), reportedly collected in Chachapoyas (PERU, Amazonas) at 2800 m. This specimen most likely represents <i>L. rugosifolia</i>, and if so, it would significantly increase the elevational range reported above for this species.</p><p><b>Additional specimens examined:</b> — ECUADOR. Without additional locality data, cultivated: 3 May 2004, <i>Blanco 2568</i> (FLAS), 3 May 2004, <i>Blanco 2569</i> (FLAS), 3 May 2004, <i>Blanco 2570</i> (FLAS); 25 January 2000, <i>Whitten et al. 1645</i> (FLAS); 29 September 2003, <i>Whitten et al. 2432</i> (FLAS, QCA). Zamora-Chinchipe: Zumba, March 2000 (cultivated), <i>Hirtz et al. 7329</i> (SEL). PERU. Without additional locality data: <i>anonymous s.n.</i> (Kspirit no. 28138.000); <i>Mathews s.n.</i> (BM no. 534522). Amazonas: Bongara, vicinity of Campomiento Ingenio 1−3 km up road to Pomacocha from Puente Ingenio, 1300 m, 27 January and 5 May 1974, <i>Hutchinson & Wright 3837</i> (AMES, UC), Campomiento Ingenio on Río Utcubamba, 300 km E of Olmos, 1250 m, 10 October 1964, <i>Hutchinson & Wright 6849</i> (UC 2 sheets); Chachapoyas, Jazán (Ingenio–Chachapoyas), ribera derecha del Utcubamba, 1200 m, 28 May 1963, <i>López et al. 4275</i> (AMES, HUT); [Rodríguez de Mendoza], Mendoza, 1600 m, 8 August 1963, <i>Woytkowski 8172</i> (GH, MO, SEL).</p><p><b>Conservation status:—</b> <i>Lockhartia rugosifolia</i> is apparently a rare species, restricted to undisturbed forest in the Utcubamba River basin and possibly southeastern Ecuador. It is probably best to consider it Vulnerable.</p><p><b>Etymology:—</b> From the Latin <i>rugosus</i> (rugose, wrinkled), and <i>folium</i> (leaf), in reference to the rugulose leaves, an almost unique condition in the genus.</p><p><b>Comments:—</b> <i>Lockhartia rugosifolia</i> is remarkable for its long, pendulous stems, and holds the record for the largest recorded stem length in the genus (84 cm); <i>L. longifolia</i> (Lindley 1846: 13) Schlechter (1919: 99), also with pendulous stems, has a maximum recorded stem length of 80 cm, only slightly shorter. The rugulose leaf texture, and the spikelet-like condensed inflorescences with strongly conduplicate, laterally flattened, distichous bracts, are also diagnostic features of <i>L. rugosifolia</i>.</p><p>The leaves of <i>L. parthenoglossa</i> Reichenbach (1865: 300) (not <i>L. parthenocomos</i>) also have a rugulose texture, but much less pronounced and visible only under magnification. <i>Lockhartia parthenoglossa</i> occurs only from Belize to Colombia and not in Peru.</p><p><i>Lockhartia rugosifolia</i> has been confused with both <i>L. longifolia</i> and <i>L. parthenocomos</i>, both of which it resembles superficially, especially in its pendulous stems and yellow flowers. It differs from <i>L. longifolia</i> in its straight, verruculose leaves, campanulate flowers, concave labellum and a low, oblong callus (vs. generally sigmoid, smooth leaves, widely open flowers, convex labellum and a crateriform callus in <i>L. longifolia</i>). The floral morphology is more similar to that of <i>L. parthenocomos</i>, although that species has smooth leaves, much larger, white to cream flowers, a transverse, ledge-like callus, and occurs only in the Venezuelan Coastal Range.</p><p>Escobar (1998: Figure 1060) published a photograph of <i>Lockhartia rugosifolia</i> (as <i>Lockhartia</i> sp.) in volume 6 of Native Colombian Orchids, labeled as <i>Escobar Nº 8170</i> (voucher not found). The figure legend says “without exact locality, Antioquia? [...] Grower: Rodrigo Escobar”. The northernmost field collection of <i>L. rugosifolia</i> is from Zumba in southeastern Ecuador, more than 600 km south of the Colombian border. Thus, the plant illustrated by Escobar was probably not collected in Colombia.</p><p>Dodson & Bennett (1989) and Dodson (2002) also published illustrations of <i>Lockhartia rugosifolia</i>, erroneously identified as <i>L. parthenocomos</i>. Some authors (e.g., Brako & Zarucchi 1993, Jørgensen & León-Yánez 1999, Zelenko & Bermúdez 2009) have propagated this error, listing <i>L. parthenocomos</i> in species checklists for Ecuador and Peru. Zelenko & Bermúdez (2009) published a photo of <i>L. rugosifolia</i> (as <i>Lockhartia</i> sp.), and misidentified a photo of <i>L. longifolia</i> (as <i>L. parthenocomos</i>).</p><p><i>Lockhartia rugosifolia</i> has been in cultivation for several years, almost always under the name <i>L. parthenocomos</i>. Unlike most other species of <i>Lockhartia</i>, <i>L. rugosifolia</i> appears to be difficult to keep alive in cultivation for long periods, at least in places where the nighttime summer temperatures cannot be maintained below 25ºC (M.A. Blanco, personal observation).</p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_15191082 |
| institution | Zenodo |
| language | |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
| record_format | zenodo |
| spellingShingle | Lockhartia rugosifolia M. A. Blanco. A. Plant 2014, sp. nov. Blanco, Mario A. Biodiversity Taxonomy Plantae Tracheophyta Liliopsida Asparagales Orchidaceae Lockhartia Lockhartia rugosifolia <p><i>Lockhartia rugosifolia</i> M.A.Blanco, <i>sp. nov</i>. (Figs. 3, 5B,C)</p><p>Distinguished by its long, pendulous stems, rugulose leaves, and campanulate, yellow flowers with an oblong callus. Differs from <i>Lockhartia parthenocomos</i> (Reichenbach 1852a: 639) Reichenbach (1852b: 767) by its rugulose leaves, inflorescence rachis completely concealed by bracts, smaller, yellow flowers (6−11 mm across), retuse labellum, and rectangular callus (vs. smooth leaves, inflorescence rachis not concealed by bracts, larger, white to cream flowers (10−15 mm across), suborbicular, labellum apex widely round, and callus formed by a transverse ledge in <i>L. parthenocomos</i>).</p><p><b>Type:—</b> PERU. Amazonas: [prov. Bongará?], Utcubamba river floodplain forest near Jazan (below Shipasbamba), 1400 m, 29 June 1962, <i>Wurdack 1090</i> (holotype: AMES!; isotypes: NY!, USM!).</p><p>Stems completely pendulous, more or less flexible, 28−84 cm long when reproductive, with 38−72 leaves; shoots (stem and leaves) 13−25 mm wide. Leaves marcescent, unifacial, laterally flattened, narrowly triangular in side view, with straight to slightly convex or concave abaxial (outer) margins, acute, rugulose–foveolate; exposed part of largest leaves 11−56 × 2−9 mm. Inflorescences both terminal and axillary from distal half of the stem, resembling grass spikelets, up to 11 per stem (sequentially produced?), with 1−4 flowers produced more or less sequentially; the rachis completely obscured by the bracts; exserted portion (i.e., part not hidden by the subtending leaf sheath) 1−2 cm long, internodes 1−2 mm long; inflorescence bracts amplexicaul, conduplicate, narrowly triangular to ovate, acute, scarious, 5−11 × 1−4 mm; pedicel and ovary 5−7 mm long, hidden by the floral bract. Flowers pendulous to resupinate, campanulate, 6−11 mm across, dark yellow with several pale brownish-orange horizontal bars across the center of the labellum (under the trichome pad). Sepals ovate, slightly concave, acute, 5−6 × 3−4 mm. Petals widely elliptic, flat, apically rounded, 6 × 5 mm. Labellum suborbicular, shallowly 3-lobate, 7−8 mm long, 10−11 mm wide when flattened; side lobes wider than long, transversely elliptic, slightly concave, 3 × 6−7 mm; midlobe wider than long, 2-lobulate, retuse, slightly reflexed, 2−3 × 5−6 mm; callus oblong, smooth, puberulous, not markedly thickened, occupying the central portion of the labellum, 4 × 2.5 mm. Column narrowly winged, subrhombic to spathulate, 3 × 2 mm, the wings obliquely oval and decurrent, wider distally, 0.5 × 1.5 mm; anther cap galeate, 1 × 1 mm; pollinarium 1 mm long. Fruit (undehisced) obovoid, 12−15 × 7 mm.</p><p><b>Phenology:—</b> Field collections indicate that <i>Lockhartia rugosifolia</i> flowers at least in the months of January, May, June, August, and October. Flowers may actually be produced continuously or sporadically throughout the year.</p><p><b>Distribution:—</b> Presently known from the Peruvian department of Amazonas, in the provinces of Bongará, Chachapoyas, and Rodríguez de Mendoza, in the Utcubamba River basin, from 1200 to 1600 m (but see below), on the eastern (Amazonian) side of the Andes. Apparently also present in the southeastern Ecuadorian province of Zamora-Chinchipe, on the basis of <i>Hirtz et al. 7329</i> (SEL, from a cultivated plant reportedly collected in Zumba) and <i>D’Alessandro 753</i> (RPSC, not found, listed as <i>L. parthenocomos</i> in Dodson & Bennett 1989 and in the Tropicos database (http://www.tropicos.org/Specimen/642345, last consulted on 28 January 2013); see commentary regarding confusion with the latter species).</p><p>I have also not been able to locate the specimen <i>D. & A. Bennett 3409</i>, cited by Dodson & Bennett (1989, as <i>L. parthenocomos</i>), reportedly collected in Chachapoyas (PERU, Amazonas) at 2800 m. This specimen most likely represents <i>L. rugosifolia</i>, and if so, it would significantly increase the elevational range reported above for this species.</p><p><b>Additional specimens examined:</b> — ECUADOR. Without additional locality data, cultivated: 3 May 2004, <i>Blanco 2568</i> (FLAS), 3 May 2004, <i>Blanco 2569</i> (FLAS), 3 May 2004, <i>Blanco 2570</i> (FLAS); 25 January 2000, <i>Whitten et al. 1645</i> (FLAS); 29 September 2003, <i>Whitten et al. 2432</i> (FLAS, QCA). Zamora-Chinchipe: Zumba, March 2000 (cultivated), <i>Hirtz et al. 7329</i> (SEL). PERU. Without additional locality data: <i>anonymous s.n.</i> (Kspirit no. 28138.000); <i>Mathews s.n.</i> (BM no. 534522). Amazonas: Bongara, vicinity of Campomiento Ingenio 1−3 km up road to Pomacocha from Puente Ingenio, 1300 m, 27 January and 5 May 1974, <i>Hutchinson & Wright 3837</i> (AMES, UC), Campomiento Ingenio on Río Utcubamba, 300 km E of Olmos, 1250 m, 10 October 1964, <i>Hutchinson & Wright 6849</i> (UC 2 sheets); Chachapoyas, Jazán (Ingenio–Chachapoyas), ribera derecha del Utcubamba, 1200 m, 28 May 1963, <i>López et al. 4275</i> (AMES, HUT); [Rodríguez de Mendoza], Mendoza, 1600 m, 8 August 1963, <i>Woytkowski 8172</i> (GH, MO, SEL).</p><p><b>Conservation status:—</b> <i>Lockhartia rugosifolia</i> is apparently a rare species, restricted to undisturbed forest in the Utcubamba River basin and possibly southeastern Ecuador. It is probably best to consider it Vulnerable.</p><p><b>Etymology:—</b> From the Latin <i>rugosus</i> (rugose, wrinkled), and <i>folium</i> (leaf), in reference to the rugulose leaves, an almost unique condition in the genus.</p><p><b>Comments:—</b> <i>Lockhartia rugosifolia</i> is remarkable for its long, pendulous stems, and holds the record for the largest recorded stem length in the genus (84 cm); <i>L. longifolia</i> (Lindley 1846: 13) Schlechter (1919: 99), also with pendulous stems, has a maximum recorded stem length of 80 cm, only slightly shorter. The rugulose leaf texture, and the spikelet-like condensed inflorescences with strongly conduplicate, laterally flattened, distichous bracts, are also diagnostic features of <i>L. rugosifolia</i>.</p><p>The leaves of <i>L. parthenoglossa</i> Reichenbach (1865: 300) (not <i>L. parthenocomos</i>) also have a rugulose texture, but much less pronounced and visible only under magnification. <i>Lockhartia parthenoglossa</i> occurs only from Belize to Colombia and not in Peru.</p><p><i>Lockhartia rugosifolia</i> has been confused with both <i>L. longifolia</i> and <i>L. parthenocomos</i>, both of which it resembles superficially, especially in its pendulous stems and yellow flowers. It differs from <i>L. longifolia</i> in its straight, verruculose leaves, campanulate flowers, concave labellum and a low, oblong callus (vs. generally sigmoid, smooth leaves, widely open flowers, convex labellum and a crateriform callus in <i>L. longifolia</i>). The floral morphology is more similar to that of <i>L. parthenocomos</i>, although that species has smooth leaves, much larger, white to cream flowers, a transverse, ledge-like callus, and occurs only in the Venezuelan Coastal Range.</p><p>Escobar (1998: Figure 1060) published a photograph of <i>Lockhartia rugosifolia</i> (as <i>Lockhartia</i> sp.) in volume 6 of Native Colombian Orchids, labeled as <i>Escobar Nº 8170</i> (voucher not found). The figure legend says “without exact locality, Antioquia? [...] Grower: Rodrigo Escobar”. The northernmost field collection of <i>L. rugosifolia</i> is from Zumba in southeastern Ecuador, more than 600 km south of the Colombian border. Thus, the plant illustrated by Escobar was probably not collected in Colombia.</p><p>Dodson & Bennett (1989) and Dodson (2002) also published illustrations of <i>Lockhartia rugosifolia</i>, erroneously identified as <i>L. parthenocomos</i>. Some authors (e.g., Brako & Zarucchi 1993, Jørgensen & León-Yánez 1999, Zelenko & Bermúdez 2009) have propagated this error, listing <i>L. parthenocomos</i> in species checklists for Ecuador and Peru. Zelenko & Bermúdez (2009) published a photo of <i>L. rugosifolia</i> (as <i>Lockhartia</i> sp.), and misidentified a photo of <i>L. longifolia</i> (as <i>L. parthenocomos</i>).</p><p><i>Lockhartia rugosifolia</i> has been in cultivation for several years, almost always under the name <i>L. parthenocomos</i>. Unlike most other species of <i>Lockhartia</i>, <i>L. rugosifolia</i> appears to be difficult to keep alive in cultivation for long periods, at least in places where the nighttime summer temperatures cannot be maintained below 25ºC (M.A. Blanco, personal observation).</p> |
| title | Lockhartia rugosifolia M. A. Blanco. A. Plant 2014, sp. nov. |
| topic | Biodiversity Taxonomy Plantae Tracheophyta Liliopsida Asparagales Orchidaceae Lockhartia Lockhartia rugosifolia |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15191082 |