Nautes Pascoe 1866
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| author | Aalbu, Rolf L. Johnston, M. Andrew |
| author_facet | Aalbu, Rolf L. Johnston, M. Andrew |
| contents | <p><b><i>Nautes</i> Pascoe, 1866 and <i>Tarpela</i> Bates, 1870</b></p><p>As discussed above, <i>Nautes</i> and <i>Tarpela</i> are together separated from <i>“ Helops ”</i> primarily on the basis of flight. This is not a binary system, however. Some species, like <i>Helops arizonensis</i> Horn, 1874 have fully macropterous and flighted males while females have wings shorter than the elytra and have not been observed to fly to lights where males are readily collected. Indeed, even for species of <i>“ Helops ”</i> which have historically been classified as flightless, largely due to the distance between the middle and hind coxae and the general body form, possess reduced metathoracic wings (Fig. 4). <i>Nautes, Tarpela</i> as well New World “ <i>Helops ”</i> have been found to be without any dependable genus-level defining morphological character(s) and thus not satisfactorily distinguished in any keys. This has discouraged taxonomic works on North American helopines due to the inability of new species to be reliably placed to genus.</p><p>Nabozhenko & Ando (2018: 283) agreed and suggested that “The main and indistinct differences between <i>Nautes-Tarpela</i> and New World <i>Helops</i> are in the structure of the prosternal process and mesoventrite. <i>Tarpela</i> and <i>Nautes</i> have projected prosternal process and very deeply depressed mesoventrite with strongly elevated and flat or weakly convex lateral margins of mesocoxal process.” This is true of the type species of both <i>Tarpela</i> and <i>Nautes</i> but does not fit into the huge amount of variation we found in both the prosternal process and the mesosternal excavation in the 147 species we examined. We outline these variations below:</p><p>Prosternal process:</p><p>1. completely declivious rounded behind procoxae. (Fig. 8)</p><p>2. straight but declivious (various angles) (Fig. 7)</p><p>3. declivious rounded then straight</p><p>4. declivious straight then upcurved (Fig. 9)</p><p>5. completely straight (Fig. 11)</p><p>Mesosternal lateral elevations and mid cavity:</p><p>1. completely flat (Fig. 7)</p><p>2. slightly inflated, cavity shallow (Fig. 8)</p><p>3. slightly inflated, cavity deep</p><p>4. moderately inflated, cavity shallow</p><p>5. moderately inflated, cavity deep (Fig. 9)</p><p>6. strongly inflated, rounded, cavity shallow</p><p>7. strongly inflated, rounded, cavity deep (Fig.10)</p><p>8. strongly inflated, angulate, cavity deep (Fig. 11)</p><p>Various combinations of these characters exist and some variation within species was also found. Prosternal processes vary from completely declivious to declivious but then straight to then upcurved to partially declivious. Mesosterna vary from completely flat to slightly inflated to moderately inflated to strongly inflated but rounded (as in both <i>Nautes fervidus</i> Pascoe and <i>Tarpela browni</i> Bates) to strongly inflated with anterior apex angulate as in <i>T. catenata</i> Champion, <i>T. costata</i> Champion, <i>T. thoracica</i> Champion (Fig. 12) and <i>T. recticulata</i> Champion. However, <i>T. occidentalis</i> (Allard) from Jamaica (Fig. 13) which would seem to fall in this group morphologically, the prosternal process is decumbent to decumbent and sometimes upcurved and the mesosternum is shallow with sides only slightly inflated. The inconsistency and wide variation of both the prosternal process and the mesosternum, even within a single species discounts using these characters as generic differential characters.</p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_15350276 |
| institution | Zenodo |
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| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
| record_format | zenodo |
| spellingShingle | Nautes Pascoe 1866 Aalbu, Rolf L. Johnston, M. Andrew Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Tenebrionidae Nautes <p><b><i>Nautes</i> Pascoe, 1866 and <i>Tarpela</i> Bates, 1870</b></p><p>As discussed above, <i>Nautes</i> and <i>Tarpela</i> are together separated from <i>“ Helops ”</i> primarily on the basis of flight. This is not a binary system, however. Some species, like <i>Helops arizonensis</i> Horn, 1874 have fully macropterous and flighted males while females have wings shorter than the elytra and have not been observed to fly to lights where males are readily collected. Indeed, even for species of <i>“ Helops ”</i> which have historically been classified as flightless, largely due to the distance between the middle and hind coxae and the general body form, possess reduced metathoracic wings (Fig. 4). <i>Nautes, Tarpela</i> as well New World “ <i>Helops ”</i> have been found to be without any dependable genus-level defining morphological character(s) and thus not satisfactorily distinguished in any keys. This has discouraged taxonomic works on North American helopines due to the inability of new species to be reliably placed to genus.</p><p>Nabozhenko & Ando (2018: 283) agreed and suggested that “The main and indistinct differences between <i>Nautes-Tarpela</i> and New World <i>Helops</i> are in the structure of the prosternal process and mesoventrite. <i>Tarpela</i> and <i>Nautes</i> have projected prosternal process and very deeply depressed mesoventrite with strongly elevated and flat or weakly convex lateral margins of mesocoxal process.” This is true of the type species of both <i>Tarpela</i> and <i>Nautes</i> but does not fit into the huge amount of variation we found in both the prosternal process and the mesosternal excavation in the 147 species we examined. We outline these variations below:</p><p>Prosternal process:</p><p>1. completely declivious rounded behind procoxae. (Fig. 8)</p><p>2. straight but declivious (various angles) (Fig. 7)</p><p>3. declivious rounded then straight</p><p>4. declivious straight then upcurved (Fig. 9)</p><p>5. completely straight (Fig. 11)</p><p>Mesosternal lateral elevations and mid cavity:</p><p>1. completely flat (Fig. 7)</p><p>2. slightly inflated, cavity shallow (Fig. 8)</p><p>3. slightly inflated, cavity deep</p><p>4. moderately inflated, cavity shallow</p><p>5. moderately inflated, cavity deep (Fig. 9)</p><p>6. strongly inflated, rounded, cavity shallow</p><p>7. strongly inflated, rounded, cavity deep (Fig.10)</p><p>8. strongly inflated, angulate, cavity deep (Fig. 11)</p><p>Various combinations of these characters exist and some variation within species was also found. Prosternal processes vary from completely declivious to declivious but then straight to then upcurved to partially declivious. Mesosterna vary from completely flat to slightly inflated to moderately inflated to strongly inflated but rounded (as in both <i>Nautes fervidus</i> Pascoe and <i>Tarpela browni</i> Bates) to strongly inflated with anterior apex angulate as in <i>T. catenata</i> Champion, <i>T. costata</i> Champion, <i>T. thoracica</i> Champion (Fig. 12) and <i>T. recticulata</i> Champion. However, <i>T. occidentalis</i> (Allard) from Jamaica (Fig. 13) which would seem to fall in this group morphologically, the prosternal process is decumbent to decumbent and sometimes upcurved and the mesosternum is shallow with sides only slightly inflated. The inconsistency and wide variation of both the prosternal process and the mesosternum, even within a single species discounts using these characters as generic differential characters.</p> |
| title | Nautes Pascoe 1866 |
| topic | Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Tenebrionidae Nautes |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15350276 |