| _version_ | 1866901537496760320 |
|---|---|
| author | Karaca, Mehmet |
| author_facet | Karaca, Mehmet |
| contents | <p><b><i>Prozercon gamzeae</i> sp. nov.</b></p><p><b>Specimens examined.</b> Holotype (♀): soil, litter and moss samples under oak (<i>Quercus</i> sp.), 41º21'N, 26º58'E, 31 m a.s.l., vicinity of Akarca and Kadriye villages, Pehlivanköy county (Kırklareli province), 23.03.2014. Paratypes: (1 ♀, 1 DN) same data as holotype.</p><p><b>Diagnosis.</b> On podonotum, setae <i>j2–6</i>, <i>z2</i>, <i>z4–5</i>, <i>s1</i> and <i>s4</i> smooth, other podonotal setae plumose with various lenghts. On opisthonotum, marginal setae <i>R1–7</i> smooth and thorn-like, other opisthonotal setae plumose with various lenghts. Gland pore <i>gdS2</i> located on the line connecting setae <i>Z2</i> and <i>S2</i>, <i>closer to S2</i>, <i>gdZ3</i> located on the line connecting setae <i>J4</i> and <i>Z4</i>, closer to <i>Z4</i>. Dorsal cavities weakly developed. Podonotum covered by reticulate pattern, opisthonotum with tile-like pattern in anterior parts, alveolar pits and irregular dots in middle and posterior parts.</p><p><b>Description</b></p><p><b>Female (n=2)</b></p><p>(Fig. 9)</p><p><i>Dorsal idiosoma</i>. Length (without gnathosoma) and width in holotype 372 and 266, respectively. Measurement of one paratype: length 357, width 257. Ornamentation of idiosomal shields were illustrated in Fig. 9. Dorsal cavities uniform, outer pair is slightly larger than inner pair, saddle-like and weakly sclerotized. Podonotal shields with 20 pairs of setae, including six pairs in <i>j</i> row (<i>j1–6</i>), five pairs in <i>z</i> row (<i>z2–6</i>), six pairs in <i>s</i> row (<i>s1–6</i>), and three pairs in <i>r</i> row (<i>r2</i> and <i>r4–5</i>). Setae <i>r1</i> and <i>r3</i> inserted ventrally, on peritrematal shields. Setae <i>j1</i>, <i>z3</i>, <i>r4–5</i>, <i>s3</i> and <i>s6</i> markedly elongate, densely plumose, brush-like and apically rounded. Setae <i>j2–6</i>, <i>z2</i>, <i>z4–5</i>, <i>s1</i> and <i>s4</i> short, smooth and thorn-like. Setae <i>z6</i>, <i>s2</i>, <i>s5</i> and <i>r2</i> partly short, but plumose. Seta <i>z6</i> reaching the margin of posterior part of podonotum. All smooth podonotal setae about the same size. Podonotal shield covered with reticulate pattern with irregular pits in the crossing points on its central and posterocentral surface. Opisthonotal shields with 22 pairs of setae, including five pairs in <i>J</i> row (<i>J1–5</i>), five pairs in <i>Z</i> row (<i>Z1–5</i>), five pairs in <i>S</i> row (<i>S1–5</i>), and seven pairs in <i>R</i> row (<i>R1–7</i>). All opisthonotal setae (except marginal) located on enlarged raised bases. The bases of the setae <i>J3–5</i> and <i>Z4</i> are especially enlarged. Except setae <i>R1–7</i>, all the others bilateral plumose. Setae <i>J1–5</i>, <i>Z1–4</i> and <i>S1–3</i> similar in appearance and length. Setae <i>Z5</i> and <i>S4–5</i> densely plumose, brush-like and apically rounded. In the marginal row, only seta <i>S1</i> plumose and longer than the others. Setae <i>R1–7</i> short, smooth and thorn-like. None of setae reaching the insertions of the following seta in <i>J</i>, <i>Z</i> and <i>S</i> rows. Setae <i>Z5</i> and <i>S4–5</i> reaching beyond margin of opisthonotum. The range between <i>Z5–Z5</i> 76–80 and <i>Z5–JV5</i> 27–31, respectively. Opisthonotal shield covered with tile-like pattern in anterior parts, relatively large alveolar pits in the middle parts and irregular dots in the remaining parts (Fig. 9). Gland pore <i>gds1</i> located on the line connecting setae <i>s1</i> and <i>j3</i>, closer to <i>s1</i>, <i>gdj4</i> located on the line connecting setae <i>j4</i> and <i>z4</i>, closer to <i>z4</i>, <i>gds4</i> located on the line connecting setae <i>s4</i> and <i>s5</i>, <i>gdZ1</i> located above the insertion of seta <i>Z1</i>, <i>gdS2</i> located on the line connecting setae <i>Z2</i> and <i>S2</i>, <i>closer to S2</i>, <i>gdZ3</i> located on the line connecting setae <i>J4</i> and <i>Z4</i>, closer to <i>Z4</i>, <i>gdS5</i> located below the insertion of seta <i>S5</i> (Fig. 9). All opisthonotal gland pores about the same size.</p><p><i>Ventral idiosoma</i> (Fig. 2). Posterolateral tips of peritrematal shield reaching the level of setae <i>R1–2</i>. Chaetotaxy and ornamentation of peritrematal shield characteristical for <i>Prozercon</i> species. Peritrematal shield with two pairs of setae (<i>r1</i> and <i>r3</i>), both short, smooth and needle-like. Peritreme slightly twisted anteriorly, and gland pore <i>gv1</i> located closer to anterior part of peritreme. Sternal shield with three pairs of setae (<i>st1–3</i>). Epigynal shield with one pair of setae (<i>st5</i>). Setae <i>st4</i> present between posterior part of sternal shield and anterior part of epigynal shield. All the above-mentioned setae (<i>st1–5</i>) short, smooth and needle-like or thorn-like. Gland pore <i>gv2</i> absent between posterior part of epigynal shield and anterior part of ventrianal shield. Ventrianal shield with nine pairs of short, smooth and needle-like setae (<i>JV1–5</i>, <i>ZV2–4</i>, <i>Ad</i>), postanal longest, one pair of gland pore, and one single postanal seta (<i>Pa</i>). Seta <i>JV5</i> similar to opisthonotal setae <i>Z5</i> and <i>S 4–5</i> in terms of shape, but shorter them. Anterior margin of ventrianal shield with one pair of setae (<i>JV1</i> present, <i>ZV1</i> absent). Gland pore <i>gv3</i> located closer to the insertions of adanal setae. Anterior part of ventrianal shield covered with squamous pattern, continuously extending the insertions of setae <i>JV3</i> and <i>ZV3–4</i>.</p><p><b>Deutonymph.</b> (Fig. 10).</p><p>Length and width of idiosoma 273 and 223, respectively. Dorsal cavities uniform, equal in size and weakly sclerotised. Podonotal setae <i>j2–6</i>, <i>z2</i>, <i>z4–6</i>, <i>s1–2</i>, <i>s4–5</i> and <i>r2</i> short, smooth and needle-like or thorn-like. Other podonotal setae plumose with various lengths. Setae <i>j1</i>, <i>z3</i>, <i>s3</i> and <i>s6</i> markedly elongate, densely plumose, brush-like and apically rounded. Setae <i>r4–5</i> plumose, but shorter than other plumose setae on podonotum. All gland pores visible on podonotum. Gland pore <i>gds1</i> located closer to insertion of seta <i>s1</i>, <i>gdj4</i> located closer to insertion of seta <i>z4</i>, <i>gds4</i> located closer to insertion of seta <i>s4</i>. On opisthonotum, only marginal setae <i>R1–5</i> short, smooth and thorn-like. Unlike female specimens, setae <i>R6–7</i> invisible. All the others setae plumose with various lengths on opisthonotum. Setae <i>J1–5</i>, <i>Z1–4</i> and <i>S1–3</i> similar in appearance and length. Setae <i>Z5</i> and <i>S4–5</i> markedly elongate, densely plumose, brush-like and apically rounded, all of them reaching beyond margin of opisthonotum. Setae <i>J4</i> and <i>S3</i> reaching the insertions of the following seta in the same row. Setae <i>J5</i> and <i>Z4</i> reaching beyond margin of opisthonotum. Three pairs of gland pore visible on opisthonotum, <i>gdZ1</i> located above the insertion of seta <i>Z1</i>, <i>gdS2</i> located on the line connecting setae <i>Z2</i> and <i>S2</i>, <i>gdZ3</i> located on the line connecting setae <i>J5</i> and <i>Z4</i>, closer to <i>J5</i>. Gland pore <i>gdS5</i> invisible. The range between <i>Z5–Z5</i> 63 and <i>Z5–JV5</i> 31, respectively. Podonotum covered by reticulate pattern, opisthonotum with tile-like pattern in anterior parts, alveolar pits in the middle parts and irregular dots in the remaining parts.</p><p>Lengths and ranges of opisthonotal setae are given in Table 5 for the female and deutonymph specimens.</p><p><b>Male, protonymph and larva.</b> Not found.</p><p><b>Etymology.</b> The name of the new species is dedicated to Gamze Karaca, my wife and also the mother of my beloved children Miraç and Miray.</p><p><b>Remarks.</b> <i>Prozercon gamzeae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> is quite similar to <i>P</i>. <i>martae</i> Ujvári, 2010, <i>P</i>. <i>morazae</i> Ujvári, 2011 and <i>P</i>. <i>yavuzi</i> Urhan, 1998. These species have common morphological features as follows: podonotal seta <i>j5</i> smooth, all marginal setae (<i>z3</i>, <i>s2–3</i>, <i>s6</i>, <i>r2</i>, <i>r4–5</i>) on podonotum plumose, opisthonotal seta <i>S1</i> plumose, big majority of marginal <i>R</i> setae on opisthonotum smooth (except <i>P</i>. <i>martae</i>), gland pore <i>gdS2</i> located closer to the insertions of setae <i>Z1–2</i> or <i>S2</i>, gland pore <i>gdZ3</i> located between <i>J</i> and <i>Z</i> setal rows (except for <i>P</i>. <i>martae</i>, located between <i>S</i> and <i>R</i> setal rows), none of setae in <i>Z</i> and <i>S</i> rows reaching the insertions of the following setae in the same rows, seta <i>JV5</i> plumose, dorsal cavities equal in size and parallel to transverse axis. On the other hand, the distinctive morphological features of these four species are shown in Table 6, where all species are compared in terms of shapes of some setae and locations of some gland pores on the podonotal and opisthonotal regions. Most of the opisthonotal setae of the new species are plumose with various lengths. However, some podonotal setae (<i>j2–6</i>, <i>s1</i>, <i>s4</i>, <i>z2</i> and <i>z4–5</i>) and all marginal setae in <i>R</i> row (<i>R1–7</i>) are smooth, and their shape looks needle-like or thorn-like. Comparing the other species in Table 6, the absence of opisthonotal seta <i>S4</i> is an important distinguishing character for <i>P</i>. <i>yavuzi</i> in contrary of the remaining species.</p><p>When all 70 species in the genus were evaluated in terms of the shape of the marginal setae on opistonotum, it was understood that only in 14 species the seta <i>S1</i> plumose and other <i>R</i> setae smooth. It is possible to collect these species in four different categories according to their type localities and compare each group within itself. The first group is the species originating from Türkiye (<i>P</i>. <i>balikesirensis</i>, <i>P</i>. <i>esati</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, <i>P</i>. <i>gamzeae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, <i>P</i>. <i>giresunensis</i>, and <i>P</i>. <i>yavuzi</i>). For the first group, only two species (<i>P</i>. <i>gamzeae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> and <i>P</i>. <i>giresunensis</i>) have the full complementary setae in <i>S</i> series. Except these species, in the <i>P</i>. <i>balikesirensis</i>, <i>P</i>. <i>esati</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> and <i>P</i>. <i>yavuzi</i>, opisthonotal seta <i>S4</i> absent. For the two species with seta <i>S4</i>, in the <i>P</i>. <i>gamzeae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> opisthonotal seta <i>S3</i> not reaching the margin of opisthonotum and seta <i>JV5</i> smooth, while in the <i>P</i>. <i>giresunensis</i> seta <i>S3</i> reaching beyond the margin of opisthonotum and seta <i>JV5</i> plumose. The second group is the species originating from Iran (<i>P</i>. <i>caspiansis</i>, <i>P</i>. <i>dominiaki</i>, and <i>P</i>. <i>iranensis</i>). In all of these species, setae in the <i>J-</i> series on opisthonotum are elongated and reach the base of the next seta. In the <i>P</i>. <i>gamzeae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, none of the setae in <i>J-</i> series reach the base of the next seta. The third group is the species originating from Balkan Peninsula (<i>P</i>. <i>bulgariensis</i>, <i>P</i>. <i>dramaensis</i>, <i>P</i>. <i>morazae</i>, and <i>P</i>. <i>norae</i>). All of these species have been described from Bulgaria and Greece, all the species have the full complementary setae in <i>S</i> series. However, opisthonotal seta <i>S3</i> reaching beyond the margin of opisthonotum in <i>P</i>. <i>bulgariensis</i>, <i>P</i>. <i>dramaensis</i> and <i>P</i>. <i>norae</i>, this seta not reaching the margin of opisthonotum in <i>P</i>. <i>gamzeae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> and <i>P</i>. <i>morazae</i>. In the <i>P</i>. <i>gamzeae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, setae <i>z6</i> and <i>s5</i> plumose and all other setae smooth on podonotum, while in <i>P</i>. <i>morazae</i>, seta <i>j5</i> smooth and all other setae plumose. The last group is the species originating from Europe (<i>P</i>. <i>kunsti</i> and <i>P</i>. <i>lutulentus</i>). The opisthonotal seta <i>S2</i> smooth in <i>P</i>. <i>lutulentus</i>, however it is plumose in <i>P</i>. <i>gamzeae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> and <i>P</i>. <i>kunsti</i>. While seta <i>S3</i> reaching beyond the margin of opisthonotum in <i>P</i>. <i>lutulentus</i> and P. <i>kunsti</i>, it is not reaching the margin of opisthonotum in <i>P</i>. <i>gamzeae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> Additionally, gland pore <i>gdZ3</i> located between setae <i>J4</i> and <i>Z 4</i> in <i>P</i>. <i>gamzeae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, it is located between setae <i>Z4</i> and <i>S 4</i> in <i>P</i>. <i>kunsti</i> and <i>P</i>. <i>lutulentus</i>. In light of this data, <i>P</i>. <i>gamzeae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> was presented as a new species in this study.</p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_15495136 |
| institution | Zenodo |
| language | |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
| record_format | zenodo |
| spellingShingle | Prozercon gamzeae Karaca, 2025, sp. nov. Karaca, Mehmet Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Arachnida Mesostigmata Zerconidae Prozercon Prozercon gamzeae <p><b><i>Prozercon gamzeae</i> sp. nov.</b></p><p><b>Specimens examined.</b> Holotype (♀): soil, litter and moss samples under oak (<i>Quercus</i> sp.), 41º21'N, 26º58'E, 31 m a.s.l., vicinity of Akarca and Kadriye villages, Pehlivanköy county (Kırklareli province), 23.03.2014. Paratypes: (1 ♀, 1 DN) same data as holotype.</p><p><b>Diagnosis.</b> On podonotum, setae <i>j2–6</i>, <i>z2</i>, <i>z4–5</i>, <i>s1</i> and <i>s4</i> smooth, other podonotal setae plumose with various lenghts. On opisthonotum, marginal setae <i>R1–7</i> smooth and thorn-like, other opisthonotal setae plumose with various lenghts. Gland pore <i>gdS2</i> located on the line connecting setae <i>Z2</i> and <i>S2</i>, <i>closer to S2</i>, <i>gdZ3</i> located on the line connecting setae <i>J4</i> and <i>Z4</i>, closer to <i>Z4</i>. Dorsal cavities weakly developed. Podonotum covered by reticulate pattern, opisthonotum with tile-like pattern in anterior parts, alveolar pits and irregular dots in middle and posterior parts.</p><p><b>Description</b></p><p><b>Female (n=2)</b></p><p>(Fig. 9)</p><p><i>Dorsal idiosoma</i>. Length (without gnathosoma) and width in holotype 372 and 266, respectively. Measurement of one paratype: length 357, width 257. Ornamentation of idiosomal shields were illustrated in Fig. 9. Dorsal cavities uniform, outer pair is slightly larger than inner pair, saddle-like and weakly sclerotized. Podonotal shields with 20 pairs of setae, including six pairs in <i>j</i> row (<i>j1–6</i>), five pairs in <i>z</i> row (<i>z2–6</i>), six pairs in <i>s</i> row (<i>s1–6</i>), and three pairs in <i>r</i> row (<i>r2</i> and <i>r4–5</i>). Setae <i>r1</i> and <i>r3</i> inserted ventrally, on peritrematal shields. Setae <i>j1</i>, <i>z3</i>, <i>r4–5</i>, <i>s3</i> and <i>s6</i> markedly elongate, densely plumose, brush-like and apically rounded. Setae <i>j2–6</i>, <i>z2</i>, <i>z4–5</i>, <i>s1</i> and <i>s4</i> short, smooth and thorn-like. Setae <i>z6</i>, <i>s2</i>, <i>s5</i> and <i>r2</i> partly short, but plumose. Seta <i>z6</i> reaching the margin of posterior part of podonotum. All smooth podonotal setae about the same size. Podonotal shield covered with reticulate pattern with irregular pits in the crossing points on its central and posterocentral surface. Opisthonotal shields with 22 pairs of setae, including five pairs in <i>J</i> row (<i>J1–5</i>), five pairs in <i>Z</i> row (<i>Z1–5</i>), five pairs in <i>S</i> row (<i>S1–5</i>), and seven pairs in <i>R</i> row (<i>R1–7</i>). All opisthonotal setae (except marginal) located on enlarged raised bases. The bases of the setae <i>J3–5</i> and <i>Z4</i> are especially enlarged. Except setae <i>R1–7</i>, all the others bilateral plumose. Setae <i>J1–5</i>, <i>Z1–4</i> and <i>S1–3</i> similar in appearance and length. Setae <i>Z5</i> and <i>S4–5</i> densely plumose, brush-like and apically rounded. In the marginal row, only seta <i>S1</i> plumose and longer than the others. Setae <i>R1–7</i> short, smooth and thorn-like. None of setae reaching the insertions of the following seta in <i>J</i>, <i>Z</i> and <i>S</i> rows. Setae <i>Z5</i> and <i>S4–5</i> reaching beyond margin of opisthonotum. The range between <i>Z5–Z5</i> 76–80 and <i>Z5–JV5</i> 27–31, respectively. Opisthonotal shield covered with tile-like pattern in anterior parts, relatively large alveolar pits in the middle parts and irregular dots in the remaining parts (Fig. 9). Gland pore <i>gds1</i> located on the line connecting setae <i>s1</i> and <i>j3</i>, closer to <i>s1</i>, <i>gdj4</i> located on the line connecting setae <i>j4</i> and <i>z4</i>, closer to <i>z4</i>, <i>gds4</i> located on the line connecting setae <i>s4</i> and <i>s5</i>, <i>gdZ1</i> located above the insertion of seta <i>Z1</i>, <i>gdS2</i> located on the line connecting setae <i>Z2</i> and <i>S2</i>, <i>closer to S2</i>, <i>gdZ3</i> located on the line connecting setae <i>J4</i> and <i>Z4</i>, closer to <i>Z4</i>, <i>gdS5</i> located below the insertion of seta <i>S5</i> (Fig. 9). All opisthonotal gland pores about the same size.</p><p><i>Ventral idiosoma</i> (Fig. 2). Posterolateral tips of peritrematal shield reaching the level of setae <i>R1–2</i>. Chaetotaxy and ornamentation of peritrematal shield characteristical for <i>Prozercon</i> species. Peritrematal shield with two pairs of setae (<i>r1</i> and <i>r3</i>), both short, smooth and needle-like. Peritreme slightly twisted anteriorly, and gland pore <i>gv1</i> located closer to anterior part of peritreme. Sternal shield with three pairs of setae (<i>st1–3</i>). Epigynal shield with one pair of setae (<i>st5</i>). Setae <i>st4</i> present between posterior part of sternal shield and anterior part of epigynal shield. All the above-mentioned setae (<i>st1–5</i>) short, smooth and needle-like or thorn-like. Gland pore <i>gv2</i> absent between posterior part of epigynal shield and anterior part of ventrianal shield. Ventrianal shield with nine pairs of short, smooth and needle-like setae (<i>JV1–5</i>, <i>ZV2–4</i>, <i>Ad</i>), postanal longest, one pair of gland pore, and one single postanal seta (<i>Pa</i>). Seta <i>JV5</i> similar to opisthonotal setae <i>Z5</i> and <i>S 4–5</i> in terms of shape, but shorter them. Anterior margin of ventrianal shield with one pair of setae (<i>JV1</i> present, <i>ZV1</i> absent). Gland pore <i>gv3</i> located closer to the insertions of adanal setae. Anterior part of ventrianal shield covered with squamous pattern, continuously extending the insertions of setae <i>JV3</i> and <i>ZV3–4</i>.</p><p><b>Deutonymph.</b> (Fig. 10).</p><p>Length and width of idiosoma 273 and 223, respectively. Dorsal cavities uniform, equal in size and weakly sclerotised. Podonotal setae <i>j2–6</i>, <i>z2</i>, <i>z4–6</i>, <i>s1–2</i>, <i>s4–5</i> and <i>r2</i> short, smooth and needle-like or thorn-like. Other podonotal setae plumose with various lengths. Setae <i>j1</i>, <i>z3</i>, <i>s3</i> and <i>s6</i> markedly elongate, densely plumose, brush-like and apically rounded. Setae <i>r4–5</i> plumose, but shorter than other plumose setae on podonotum. All gland pores visible on podonotum. Gland pore <i>gds1</i> located closer to insertion of seta <i>s1</i>, <i>gdj4</i> located closer to insertion of seta <i>z4</i>, <i>gds4</i> located closer to insertion of seta <i>s4</i>. On opisthonotum, only marginal setae <i>R1–5</i> short, smooth and thorn-like. Unlike female specimens, setae <i>R6–7</i> invisible. All the others setae plumose with various lengths on opisthonotum. Setae <i>J1–5</i>, <i>Z1–4</i> and <i>S1–3</i> similar in appearance and length. Setae <i>Z5</i> and <i>S4–5</i> markedly elongate, densely plumose, brush-like and apically rounded, all of them reaching beyond margin of opisthonotum. Setae <i>J4</i> and <i>S3</i> reaching the insertions of the following seta in the same row. Setae <i>J5</i> and <i>Z4</i> reaching beyond margin of opisthonotum. Three pairs of gland pore visible on opisthonotum, <i>gdZ1</i> located above the insertion of seta <i>Z1</i>, <i>gdS2</i> located on the line connecting setae <i>Z2</i> and <i>S2</i>, <i>gdZ3</i> located on the line connecting setae <i>J5</i> and <i>Z4</i>, closer to <i>J5</i>. Gland pore <i>gdS5</i> invisible. The range between <i>Z5–Z5</i> 63 and <i>Z5–JV5</i> 31, respectively. Podonotum covered by reticulate pattern, opisthonotum with tile-like pattern in anterior parts, alveolar pits in the middle parts and irregular dots in the remaining parts.</p><p>Lengths and ranges of opisthonotal setae are given in Table 5 for the female and deutonymph specimens.</p><p><b>Male, protonymph and larva.</b> Not found.</p><p><b>Etymology.</b> The name of the new species is dedicated to Gamze Karaca, my wife and also the mother of my beloved children Miraç and Miray.</p><p><b>Remarks.</b> <i>Prozercon gamzeae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> is quite similar to <i>P</i>. <i>martae</i> Ujvári, 2010, <i>P</i>. <i>morazae</i> Ujvári, 2011 and <i>P</i>. <i>yavuzi</i> Urhan, 1998. These species have common morphological features as follows: podonotal seta <i>j5</i> smooth, all marginal setae (<i>z3</i>, <i>s2–3</i>, <i>s6</i>, <i>r2</i>, <i>r4–5</i>) on podonotum plumose, opisthonotal seta <i>S1</i> plumose, big majority of marginal <i>R</i> setae on opisthonotum smooth (except <i>P</i>. <i>martae</i>), gland pore <i>gdS2</i> located closer to the insertions of setae <i>Z1–2</i> or <i>S2</i>, gland pore <i>gdZ3</i> located between <i>J</i> and <i>Z</i> setal rows (except for <i>P</i>. <i>martae</i>, located between <i>S</i> and <i>R</i> setal rows), none of setae in <i>Z</i> and <i>S</i> rows reaching the insertions of the following setae in the same rows, seta <i>JV5</i> plumose, dorsal cavities equal in size and parallel to transverse axis. On the other hand, the distinctive morphological features of these four species are shown in Table 6, where all species are compared in terms of shapes of some setae and locations of some gland pores on the podonotal and opisthonotal regions. Most of the opisthonotal setae of the new species are plumose with various lengths. However, some podonotal setae (<i>j2–6</i>, <i>s1</i>, <i>s4</i>, <i>z2</i> and <i>z4–5</i>) and all marginal setae in <i>R</i> row (<i>R1–7</i>) are smooth, and their shape looks needle-like or thorn-like. Comparing the other species in Table 6, the absence of opisthonotal seta <i>S4</i> is an important distinguishing character for <i>P</i>. <i>yavuzi</i> in contrary of the remaining species.</p><p>When all 70 species in the genus were evaluated in terms of the shape of the marginal setae on opistonotum, it was understood that only in 14 species the seta <i>S1</i> plumose and other <i>R</i> setae smooth. It is possible to collect these species in four different categories according to their type localities and compare each group within itself. The first group is the species originating from Türkiye (<i>P</i>. <i>balikesirensis</i>, <i>P</i>. <i>esati</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, <i>P</i>. <i>gamzeae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, <i>P</i>. <i>giresunensis</i>, and <i>P</i>. <i>yavuzi</i>). For the first group, only two species (<i>P</i>. <i>gamzeae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> and <i>P</i>. <i>giresunensis</i>) have the full complementary setae in <i>S</i> series. Except these species, in the <i>P</i>. <i>balikesirensis</i>, <i>P</i>. <i>esati</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> and <i>P</i>. <i>yavuzi</i>, opisthonotal seta <i>S4</i> absent. For the two species with seta <i>S4</i>, in the <i>P</i>. <i>gamzeae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> opisthonotal seta <i>S3</i> not reaching the margin of opisthonotum and seta <i>JV5</i> smooth, while in the <i>P</i>. <i>giresunensis</i> seta <i>S3</i> reaching beyond the margin of opisthonotum and seta <i>JV5</i> plumose. The second group is the species originating from Iran (<i>P</i>. <i>caspiansis</i>, <i>P</i>. <i>dominiaki</i>, and <i>P</i>. <i>iranensis</i>). In all of these species, setae in the <i>J-</i> series on opisthonotum are elongated and reach the base of the next seta. In the <i>P</i>. <i>gamzeae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, none of the setae in <i>J-</i> series reach the base of the next seta. The third group is the species originating from Balkan Peninsula (<i>P</i>. <i>bulgariensis</i>, <i>P</i>. <i>dramaensis</i>, <i>P</i>. <i>morazae</i>, and <i>P</i>. <i>norae</i>). All of these species have been described from Bulgaria and Greece, all the species have the full complementary setae in <i>S</i> series. However, opisthonotal seta <i>S3</i> reaching beyond the margin of opisthonotum in <i>P</i>. <i>bulgariensis</i>, <i>P</i>. <i>dramaensis</i> and <i>P</i>. <i>norae</i>, this seta not reaching the margin of opisthonotum in <i>P</i>. <i>gamzeae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> and <i>P</i>. <i>morazae</i>. In the <i>P</i>. <i>gamzeae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, setae <i>z6</i> and <i>s5</i> plumose and all other setae smooth on podonotum, while in <i>P</i>. <i>morazae</i>, seta <i>j5</i> smooth and all other setae plumose. The last group is the species originating from Europe (<i>P</i>. <i>kunsti</i> and <i>P</i>. <i>lutulentus</i>). The opisthonotal seta <i>S2</i> smooth in <i>P</i>. <i>lutulentus</i>, however it is plumose in <i>P</i>. <i>gamzeae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> and <i>P</i>. <i>kunsti</i>. While seta <i>S3</i> reaching beyond the margin of opisthonotum in <i>P</i>. <i>lutulentus</i> and P. <i>kunsti</i>, it is not reaching the margin of opisthonotum in <i>P</i>. <i>gamzeae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> Additionally, gland pore <i>gdZ3</i> located between setae <i>J4</i> and <i>Z 4</i> in <i>P</i>. <i>gamzeae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, it is located between setae <i>Z4</i> and <i>S 4</i> in <i>P</i>. <i>kunsti</i> and <i>P</i>. <i>lutulentus</i>. In light of this data, <i>P</i>. <i>gamzeae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> was presented as a new species in this study.</p> |
| title | Prozercon gamzeae Karaca, 2025, sp. nov. |
| topic | Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Arachnida Mesostigmata Zerconidae Prozercon Prozercon gamzeae |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15495136 |