Acestridium Haseman 1911
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2017
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| author | Delapieve, Maria Laura S. A., Pablo Lehmann Reis, Roberto E. |
| author_facet | Delapieve, Maria Laura S. A., Pablo Lehmann Reis, Roberto E. |
| contents | <p><b>Genus <i>Acestridium</i> Haseman, 1911</b></p><p><i>Acestridium</i> Haseman, 1911: 319.</p><p>Type-species: <i>Acestridium discus</i> Haseman, 1911. Type by monotypy. Gender neuter.</p><p><b>Included species.</b> <i>Acestridium colombiensis</i> Retzer, 2005; <i>Acestridium dichromum</i> Retzer, Nico, Provenzano, 1999; <i>Acestridium discus</i> Haseman, 1911; <i>Acestridium gymnogaster</i> Reis, Lehmann, 2009; <i>Acestridium martini</i> Retzer, Nico, Provenzano, 1999; <i>Acestridium scutatum</i> Reis, Lehmann, 2009; <i>Acestridium triplax</i> Rodriguez, Reis, 2007.</p><p><b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>Acestridium</i> is diagnosed as monophyletic based on ten exclusive synapomorphies: large exposure of mesethmoid on dorsal surface of snout (char. 5.2); anterolateral margin of anterohyal concave (char. 32.1); lack of articulation of neural spine of sixth vertebral centrum to parieto-supraoccipital (char. 39.1); dorsal fin attached to neural spine of vertebral centrum 11-13 (char. 45.2); anterior margin of cleithrum convex, with hollow in mesial lamina (char. 58.1); lateropterygium absent (char. 61.1); ventral margin of infraorbital 4 expanded anteroventrally, its deepest point surpassing anterior margin of bone (char. 72.2); mid-ventral series of lateral plates absent (char. 83.3); and spatulate projections of snout are present (char. 90.1). In addition, there are 14 non-exclusive synapomorphies: ventral condyle of mesethmoid oval (char. 3.3); nasal capsule completely encapsulated (char. 7.0); posterolateral portion of lateral ethmoid narrower or as wide as anterior margin (char. 10.0); dorsal wall of swimbladder formed by compound pterotic and supraoccipital (char. 13.1); condyle of hyomandibula articulates to neurocranium only by prootic (char. 15.3); crest for insertion of <i>levator arcus palatini</i> muscle robust (char. 18.0); one lateral foramen in hyomandibula (char. 20.1); metapterygoyde-hyomandibula suture large (char. 21.0); interhyal absent (char. 33.1); second and third radials of pectoral fin joined along longest axis (char. 54.1); two postrostral plates (char. 66.2); odontodes on dorsal surface of pectoral-fin spine randomly distributed (char. 95.0); iris operculum present (char. 100.0); and lack of skin flap on dorsal surface of first pelvic-fin ray in males (char. 103.1).</p><p><b>Comparisons.</b> The species of <i>Acestridium</i> are further distinguished from other hypoptopomatins by a highly distinctive slender and elongated body, usually with green color in life. <i>Acestridium</i> is further distinguished by a snout that is produced into an anterior spatulate projection that bears hypertrofied odontodes (<i>vs</i>. snout not elongated) and by lacking the mid-ventral series of lateral plates (<i>vs</i>. midventral series present). They also have very delicate and poorly developed fins and the odontodes of the trunk are small and aligned forming conspicuous rows (<i>vs</i>. normally developed fins and odontodes not clearly aligned). It differs from all other genera, except for some species of <i>Otocinclus</i>, by possessing an iris operculum (<i>vs.</i> iris operculum absent). <i>Acestridium</i> is additionally distinguished from <i>Hypoptopoma</i>, <i>Nannoptopoma</i>, <i>Otocinclus</i>, <i>Leptotocinclus</i>, and <i>Nannoxyropsis</i> by the caudal peduncle, which is strongly depressed, elongated, and narrow (<i>vs</i>. caudal peduncle oval in cross-section). <i>Acestridium</i> is further distinguished from <i>Niobichthys</i>, its sister genus, by having a spatulate snout projection (<i>vs</i>. spatulate snout projection absent), by ten or 12 branched rays in the caudal-fin (<i>vs</i>. 14 branched rays); by the lateral-line canal that shifts to the ventral series of lateral plates after truncation of the median plate series (<i>vs</i>. shifting to the dorsal series); and by odontodes on the dorsal surface of the pectoral-fin spine that are randomly arranged (<i>vs</i>. arranged in two or three rows).</p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_15642920 |
| institution | Zenodo |
| language | |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
| record_format | zenodo |
| spellingShingle | Acestridium Haseman 1911 Delapieve, Maria Laura S. A., Pablo Lehmann Reis, Roberto E. Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Chordata Actinopterygii Siluriformes Loricariidae Acestridium <p><b>Genus <i>Acestridium</i> Haseman, 1911</b></p><p><i>Acestridium</i> Haseman, 1911: 319.</p><p>Type-species: <i>Acestridium discus</i> Haseman, 1911. Type by monotypy. Gender neuter.</p><p><b>Included species.</b> <i>Acestridium colombiensis</i> Retzer, 2005; <i>Acestridium dichromum</i> Retzer, Nico, Provenzano, 1999; <i>Acestridium discus</i> Haseman, 1911; <i>Acestridium gymnogaster</i> Reis, Lehmann, 2009; <i>Acestridium martini</i> Retzer, Nico, Provenzano, 1999; <i>Acestridium scutatum</i> Reis, Lehmann, 2009; <i>Acestridium triplax</i> Rodriguez, Reis, 2007.</p><p><b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>Acestridium</i> is diagnosed as monophyletic based on ten exclusive synapomorphies: large exposure of mesethmoid on dorsal surface of snout (char. 5.2); anterolateral margin of anterohyal concave (char. 32.1); lack of articulation of neural spine of sixth vertebral centrum to parieto-supraoccipital (char. 39.1); dorsal fin attached to neural spine of vertebral centrum 11-13 (char. 45.2); anterior margin of cleithrum convex, with hollow in mesial lamina (char. 58.1); lateropterygium absent (char. 61.1); ventral margin of infraorbital 4 expanded anteroventrally, its deepest point surpassing anterior margin of bone (char. 72.2); mid-ventral series of lateral plates absent (char. 83.3); and spatulate projections of snout are present (char. 90.1). In addition, there are 14 non-exclusive synapomorphies: ventral condyle of mesethmoid oval (char. 3.3); nasal capsule completely encapsulated (char. 7.0); posterolateral portion of lateral ethmoid narrower or as wide as anterior margin (char. 10.0); dorsal wall of swimbladder formed by compound pterotic and supraoccipital (char. 13.1); condyle of hyomandibula articulates to neurocranium only by prootic (char. 15.3); crest for insertion of <i>levator arcus palatini</i> muscle robust (char. 18.0); one lateral foramen in hyomandibula (char. 20.1); metapterygoyde-hyomandibula suture large (char. 21.0); interhyal absent (char. 33.1); second and third radials of pectoral fin joined along longest axis (char. 54.1); two postrostral plates (char. 66.2); odontodes on dorsal surface of pectoral-fin spine randomly distributed (char. 95.0); iris operculum present (char. 100.0); and lack of skin flap on dorsal surface of first pelvic-fin ray in males (char. 103.1).</p><p><b>Comparisons.</b> The species of <i>Acestridium</i> are further distinguished from other hypoptopomatins by a highly distinctive slender and elongated body, usually with green color in life. <i>Acestridium</i> is further distinguished by a snout that is produced into an anterior spatulate projection that bears hypertrofied odontodes (<i>vs</i>. snout not elongated) and by lacking the mid-ventral series of lateral plates (<i>vs</i>. midventral series present). They also have very delicate and poorly developed fins and the odontodes of the trunk are small and aligned forming conspicuous rows (<i>vs</i>. normally developed fins and odontodes not clearly aligned). It differs from all other genera, except for some species of <i>Otocinclus</i>, by possessing an iris operculum (<i>vs.</i> iris operculum absent). <i>Acestridium</i> is additionally distinguished from <i>Hypoptopoma</i>, <i>Nannoptopoma</i>, <i>Otocinclus</i>, <i>Leptotocinclus</i>, and <i>Nannoxyropsis</i> by the caudal peduncle, which is strongly depressed, elongated, and narrow (<i>vs</i>. caudal peduncle oval in cross-section). <i>Acestridium</i> is further distinguished from <i>Niobichthys</i>, its sister genus, by having a spatulate snout projection (<i>vs</i>. spatulate snout projection absent), by ten or 12 branched rays in the caudal-fin (<i>vs</i>. 14 branched rays); by the lateral-line canal that shifts to the ventral series of lateral plates after truncation of the median plate series (<i>vs</i>. shifting to the dorsal series); and by odontodes on the dorsal surface of the pectoral-fin spine that are randomly arranged (<i>vs</i>. arranged in two or three rows).</p> |
| title | Acestridium Haseman 1911 |
| topic | Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Chordata Actinopterygii Siluriformes Loricariidae Acestridium |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15642920 |