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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Recurso digital |
| Language: | |
| Published: |
Zenodo
2025
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16162600 |
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Table of Contents:
- <p>Haptoglobin is a conserved plasma protein mainly produced in the liver, it is well recognized for its highaffinity binding to free haemoglobin, protecting tissues from oxidative damage during haemolysis and inflammation. It exists in three major phenotypes—Hp 1-1, Hp 2-1, and Hp 2-2—derived from polymorphic Hp1 and Hp2 alleles, each with distinct structural and functional profiles. Beyond Hb clearance, Hp influences antioxidant defence, nitric oxide regulation, prostaglandin synthesis, immune modulationand exerts bacteriostatic and angiogenic effects. Disease association studies across diverse populations indicate that the Hp1 allele is frequently linked to increased susceptibility to cancers such as breast, cervical, and lung, while the Hp2 alleleparticularly the Hp 2-2 phenotypeis more often implicated in chronic and inflammatory diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and chronic kidney disease.The variable distribution and impact of Hppolymorphisms underscore its emerging role as a biomarker in disease prognosis, risk stratification, and potential therapeutic targeting.</p>