Hydnophytum longiflorum A. Gray
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2019
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| author | Jebb, M. H. P. Huxley, C. R. |
| author_facet | Jebb, M. H. P. Huxley, C. R. |
| contents | <p><b>52. <i>Hydnophytum longiflorum</i> A.Gray — Fig. 55</b></p><p><i>Hydnophytum longiflorum</i> A.Gray (1858) 42; Seem. (1866) 138 p.p.; Drake (1890) 199; Hook.f. (1894) t. 7343; Parham (1964) 193 p.p.; (1972) 272 p.p.; A.C.Sm. (1988) 244, f. 90: c–f. — Type: <i>US Expl. Exp. 62267</i> (US), Fiji, Ovalau, 1840.</p><p><i>Squamellaria wilkinsonii</i> (Horne ex Baker) Chomicki in Chomicki & S.S. Renner (2016) 20. — <i>Hydnophytum wilkinsonii</i> Horne ex Baker (1883) 365, as <i>H. wilkinsoni</i>; Horne (1881) 263, <i>nom. nud</i>.; Becc. (1884) 125; (1885) 170, t. 44: 1–12; Drake (1890) 200; Parham (1964) 193; (1972) 272;A.C.Sm. (1988) 245. — Type: <i>Horne 1077</i> (erroneously published as <i>1078</i> in Beccari 1885) (lecto K barcode K000761990; iso GH, K barcode K000761991), Fiji, Vanua Levu, Mbua, Sept. 1878, syn. nov.</p><p><i>Hydnophytum horneanum</i> Becc.(1884) 125;(1885) 168,t. 43:15–25 (legend on plate as ‘ <i>H. horneianum</i> ’); Parham (1964) 193; (1972) 272. — <i>Hydnophytum borneanum</i> Becc. <i>Sphalm</i>. Govaerts et al. (2015). — Type: <i>Horne 282</i> (K), Fiji.</p><p><i>Squamellaria tenuiflora</i> (Becc.) Chomicki in Chomicki & S.S.Renner (2016) 20. — <i>Hydnophytum tenuiflorum</i> Becc.(1884) 125; (1885) 169,t. 43:1–14; Parham (1964) 193; (1972) 272. — Type: <i>Graeffe 1573</i> (lectotype selected by Smith (1988) K), Fiji, Ovalau.</p><p>non <i>Hydnophytum longiflorum</i> auct. non A.Gray (1858); A.Gray (1862a) 318; (1862b) 36 p.p.; Seeman (1862) 438; (1866) 138 p.p.; Drake (1890) 99; Becc. (1885) 172, t. 45: 1–7 p.p.; Parham (1964) 193; (1972) 272. <i>quae</i> = <i>H. grandiflorum</i>.</p><p><i>Tuber</i> clasping, flattened to rounded, irregular, to 30 by 27 cm. Surface brown, usually sparsely bearded with flexible, slightly recurved spines. Entrance holes scattered, of two types, conical to 4 mm, or funnel-like and irregular. <i>Stems</i> several to numerous, branching freely, erect to upcurving, to 40 by 0.8 cm. Internodes to 7 cm when sterile, 0.5–3 cm when fertile. <i>Leaves</i> erect to spreading. Lamina elliptic, 3 by 1 to 11.4 by 4 cm; apex rounded to acute; base tapered, attenuate; midrib prominent below; veins 4–6; leathery. Petiole 0–1 cm; stipules rounded, to 0.2 cm, with a short, recurved central process to 0.1 cm, which is contiguous with stem ridge; caducous. Inflorescence terminal and axillary, solitary, shortly pedunculate, to 1.5 cm. Bracts to 1 mm papery, more or less persistent. <i>Flowers</i> [6] heterogamous. Calyx 4-cuspidate or entire, to 1 mm. Corolla tube 10–18 mm; lobes elliptic to rounded, 2.5–4 mm; uncus <1 mm; entirely glabrous within. Anthers exserted at mouth of corolla tube. In female-sterile flowers, anthers 1.5–2 mm, containing 4-colpate pollen, 74–94 μm, wall 7.5 μm thick, reticulation coarse, brochi 6–12 μm across, with fine spines within reticulations. In male-sterile flowers anthers 0.5–1 mm, containing no pollen, stigma exserted, capitate, broadly 4-lobed, to 1.5 mm across. Disc prominent to 1 mm above level of calyx, persistent in fruit. <i>Fruit</i> turbinate, flattened, to 7 by 4 mm; with prominent disc at apex; siccate; green and pink or red in colour when ripe. Pyrenes wedge-shaped, to 5 by 2 mm, blunt and rounded at apex, truncate and flattened at base.</p><p>Ecology & Habitat — Mangroves to montane forest, sea level to 900 m. Usually ant-inhabited, with about 50 % of individual tubers occupied by the ant species <i>Philidris nagasau</i> Mann.</p><p>Distribution — Fiji Islands (Viti Levu, Ovalau and Vanua Levu).</p><p>Conservation status — Vulnerable (VU) under criteria B1ab (iii)+2ab(iii). This species is found on three islands, with herbarium specimens indicating eight locations (subpopulations) and an AOO of 76 km 2 (using a cell width of 2 km). Other information: georeferenced collections 21, EOO on Viti Levu 1 900 km 2.</p><p>Notes — <i>Squamellaria wilkinsonii</i>, as interpreted by Beccari (1884), with a cuspidate fruit, is regarded, by us, as an artefact of drying, and here synonymised with <i>H. longiflorum</i>. Smith (1988) has already reduced <i>H. horneanum</i> and <i>S. tenuiflora</i>, which were based on inconsequential differences in calyx shape and corolla length, respectively.</p><p>More regularly ant-inhabited than <i>H. grandiflorum</i>, this species is distinguished by having a tuber that is more usually (but not invariably) covered by numerous slender roots, a shorter corolla, that is quite glabrous within, and a flattened, turbinate fruit. Two of the taxa we recognise as synonymous with <i>H. longiflorum – S. tenuiflora</i> and <i>S. wilkinsonii</i> – have been transferred to <i>Squamellaria</i> by Chomicki & Renner (2016). They indicated that they considered three taxa as possible synonyms of <i>S. tenuiflora</i> (Becc.) Chomicki, namely <i>H. longiflorum</i>, <i>H. grandiflorum</i> and <i>H. horneanum</i>. They did not make the specific transfer pending DNA sequences from the type specimens. However, the dates of publication for these taxa – <i>H. longiflorum</i> (1858), <i>H. tenuiflorum</i> (1884), <i>H. grandiflorum</i> (1884) and <i>H. horneanum</i> (1884) – leaves no doubt that the name <i>H. longiflorum</i> has priority and is therefore used here.</p><p>The misspelling of the name <i>H. borneanum</i>, instead of <i>H. horneanum</i>, by Govaerts in the Kew Checklist for Rubiaceae (2015) has entered IPNI (2015) and The Plant List (2015), as pointed out by Low et al. (2016)</p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_16883005 |
| institution | Zenodo |
| language | |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
| record_format | zenodo |
| spellingShingle | Hydnophytum longiflorum A. Gray Jebb, M. H. P. Huxley, C. R. Biodiversity Taxonomy Plantae Tracheophyta Magnoliopsida Gentianales Rubiaceae Hydnophytum Hydnophytum longiflorum <p><b>52. <i>Hydnophytum longiflorum</i> A.Gray — Fig. 55</b></p><p><i>Hydnophytum longiflorum</i> A.Gray (1858) 42; Seem. (1866) 138 p.p.; Drake (1890) 199; Hook.f. (1894) t. 7343; Parham (1964) 193 p.p.; (1972) 272 p.p.; A.C.Sm. (1988) 244, f. 90: c–f. — Type: <i>US Expl. Exp. 62267</i> (US), Fiji, Ovalau, 1840.</p><p><i>Squamellaria wilkinsonii</i> (Horne ex Baker) Chomicki in Chomicki & S.S. Renner (2016) 20. — <i>Hydnophytum wilkinsonii</i> Horne ex Baker (1883) 365, as <i>H. wilkinsoni</i>; Horne (1881) 263, <i>nom. nud</i>.; Becc. (1884) 125; (1885) 170, t. 44: 1–12; Drake (1890) 200; Parham (1964) 193; (1972) 272;A.C.Sm. (1988) 245. — Type: <i>Horne 1077</i> (erroneously published as <i>1078</i> in Beccari 1885) (lecto K barcode K000761990; iso GH, K barcode K000761991), Fiji, Vanua Levu, Mbua, Sept. 1878, syn. nov.</p><p><i>Hydnophytum horneanum</i> Becc.(1884) 125;(1885) 168,t. 43:15–25 (legend on plate as ‘ <i>H. horneianum</i> ’); Parham (1964) 193; (1972) 272. — <i>Hydnophytum borneanum</i> Becc. <i>Sphalm</i>. Govaerts et al. (2015). — Type: <i>Horne 282</i> (K), Fiji.</p><p><i>Squamellaria tenuiflora</i> (Becc.) Chomicki in Chomicki & S.S.Renner (2016) 20. — <i>Hydnophytum tenuiflorum</i> Becc.(1884) 125; (1885) 169,t. 43:1–14; Parham (1964) 193; (1972) 272. — Type: <i>Graeffe 1573</i> (lectotype selected by Smith (1988) K), Fiji, Ovalau.</p><p>non <i>Hydnophytum longiflorum</i> auct. non A.Gray (1858); A.Gray (1862a) 318; (1862b) 36 p.p.; Seeman (1862) 438; (1866) 138 p.p.; Drake (1890) 99; Becc. (1885) 172, t. 45: 1–7 p.p.; Parham (1964) 193; (1972) 272. <i>quae</i> = <i>H. grandiflorum</i>.</p><p><i>Tuber</i> clasping, flattened to rounded, irregular, to 30 by 27 cm. Surface brown, usually sparsely bearded with flexible, slightly recurved spines. Entrance holes scattered, of two types, conical to 4 mm, or funnel-like and irregular. <i>Stems</i> several to numerous, branching freely, erect to upcurving, to 40 by 0.8 cm. Internodes to 7 cm when sterile, 0.5–3 cm when fertile. <i>Leaves</i> erect to spreading. Lamina elliptic, 3 by 1 to 11.4 by 4 cm; apex rounded to acute; base tapered, attenuate; midrib prominent below; veins 4–6; leathery. Petiole 0–1 cm; stipules rounded, to 0.2 cm, with a short, recurved central process to 0.1 cm, which is contiguous with stem ridge; caducous. Inflorescence terminal and axillary, solitary, shortly pedunculate, to 1.5 cm. Bracts to 1 mm papery, more or less persistent. <i>Flowers</i> [6] heterogamous. Calyx 4-cuspidate or entire, to 1 mm. Corolla tube 10–18 mm; lobes elliptic to rounded, 2.5–4 mm; uncus <1 mm; entirely glabrous within. Anthers exserted at mouth of corolla tube. In female-sterile flowers, anthers 1.5–2 mm, containing 4-colpate pollen, 74–94 μm, wall 7.5 μm thick, reticulation coarse, brochi 6–12 μm across, with fine spines within reticulations. In male-sterile flowers anthers 0.5–1 mm, containing no pollen, stigma exserted, capitate, broadly 4-lobed, to 1.5 mm across. Disc prominent to 1 mm above level of calyx, persistent in fruit. <i>Fruit</i> turbinate, flattened, to 7 by 4 mm; with prominent disc at apex; siccate; green and pink or red in colour when ripe. Pyrenes wedge-shaped, to 5 by 2 mm, blunt and rounded at apex, truncate and flattened at base.</p><p>Ecology & Habitat — Mangroves to montane forest, sea level to 900 m. Usually ant-inhabited, with about 50 % of individual tubers occupied by the ant species <i>Philidris nagasau</i> Mann.</p><p>Distribution — Fiji Islands (Viti Levu, Ovalau and Vanua Levu).</p><p>Conservation status — Vulnerable (VU) under criteria B1ab (iii)+2ab(iii). This species is found on three islands, with herbarium specimens indicating eight locations (subpopulations) and an AOO of 76 km 2 (using a cell width of 2 km). Other information: georeferenced collections 21, EOO on Viti Levu 1 900 km 2.</p><p>Notes — <i>Squamellaria wilkinsonii</i>, as interpreted by Beccari (1884), with a cuspidate fruit, is regarded, by us, as an artefact of drying, and here synonymised with <i>H. longiflorum</i>. Smith (1988) has already reduced <i>H. horneanum</i> and <i>S. tenuiflora</i>, which were based on inconsequential differences in calyx shape and corolla length, respectively.</p><p>More regularly ant-inhabited than <i>H. grandiflorum</i>, this species is distinguished by having a tuber that is more usually (but not invariably) covered by numerous slender roots, a shorter corolla, that is quite glabrous within, and a flattened, turbinate fruit. Two of the taxa we recognise as synonymous with <i>H. longiflorum – S. tenuiflora</i> and <i>S. wilkinsonii</i> – have been transferred to <i>Squamellaria</i> by Chomicki & Renner (2016). They indicated that they considered three taxa as possible synonyms of <i>S. tenuiflora</i> (Becc.) Chomicki, namely <i>H. longiflorum</i>, <i>H. grandiflorum</i> and <i>H. horneanum</i>. They did not make the specific transfer pending DNA sequences from the type specimens. However, the dates of publication for these taxa – <i>H. longiflorum</i> (1858), <i>H. tenuiflorum</i> (1884), <i>H. grandiflorum</i> (1884) and <i>H. horneanum</i> (1884) – leaves no doubt that the name <i>H. longiflorum</i> has priority and is therefore used here.</p><p>The misspelling of the name <i>H. borneanum</i>, instead of <i>H. horneanum</i>, by Govaerts in the Kew Checklist for Rubiaceae (2015) has entered IPNI (2015) and The Plant List (2015), as pointed out by Low et al. (2016)</p> |
| title | Hydnophytum longiflorum A. Gray |
| topic | Biodiversity Taxonomy Plantae Tracheophyta Magnoliopsida Gentianales Rubiaceae Hydnophytum Hydnophytum longiflorum |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16883005 |