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2025
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16897523 |
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| author | Abdel-Sattar, Mahmoud F. |
| author_facet | Abdel-Sattar, Mahmoud F. |
| contents | <p>In this work, we present a novel derivation of the Hawking evaporation rate for black holes in an expanding FLRWspacetime, demonstrating that cosmic expansion induces a dynamical modification to the mass-loss rate. Using the FLRW metric, we first establish the dependence of the event horizon radius on the cosmic scale factor a(t), then derive an updated expression for the Hawking temperature that decays with cosmic expansion. We arrive at a modified evaporation equation, where the additional term accounts for the effect of cosmic expansion through the Hubble parameter H(t). We show that this modification becomes dominant in early cosmic epochs with high expansion rates (e.g., during inflation), where evaporation rates can increase by up to 20% for primordial black holes. These results provide new insights for resolving the information paradox, as cosmic expansion offers an additional mechanism for information ”leakage” via redshift. We also propose potential observational tests through spectral analysis of redshifted Hawking radiation or via cosmic microwave background observations.</p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_16897523 |
| institution | Zenodo |
| language | |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
| record_format | zenodo |
| spellingShingle | Dynamical Hawking Evaporation in an Expanding Universe: Modified Black Hole Radiation and Cosmic Horizon Coupling Abdel-Sattar, Mahmoud F. <p>In this work, we present a novel derivation of the Hawking evaporation rate for black holes in an expanding FLRWspacetime, demonstrating that cosmic expansion induces a dynamical modification to the mass-loss rate. Using the FLRW metric, we first establish the dependence of the event horizon radius on the cosmic scale factor a(t), then derive an updated expression for the Hawking temperature that decays with cosmic expansion. We arrive at a modified evaporation equation, where the additional term accounts for the effect of cosmic expansion through the Hubble parameter H(t). We show that this modification becomes dominant in early cosmic epochs with high expansion rates (e.g., during inflation), where evaporation rates can increase by up to 20% for primordial black holes. These results provide new insights for resolving the information paradox, as cosmic expansion offers an additional mechanism for information ”leakage” via redshift. We also propose potential observational tests through spectral analysis of redshifted Hawking radiation or via cosmic microwave background observations.</p> |
| title | Dynamical Hawking Evaporation in an Expanding Universe: Modified Black Hole Radiation and Cosmic Horizon Coupling |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16897523 |