Seasonal Variation in Hydrochemical Characteristics and Heavy Metal Risk Assessment Of Groundwater in Andoni-Isiokwan District, Niger Delta, Nigeria
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2025
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| author | IJMSRT |
| author_facet | IJMSRT |
| contents | <p>This study investigates seasonal variations <br>in groundwater quality and heavy metal <br>contamination in five oil-exposed rural <br>communities—Dema, Ibotirem, Samanga, <br>Ajakajak, <br>and <br>Isiokwan <br>Udungama—within the <br>District <br>of <br>Andoni <br>Local <br>Government Area, Niger Delta, Nigeria. <br>Groundwater samples were collected from <br>hand-dug wells in each community during <br>the dry, wet, and post-rainy seasons and <br>analysed for physicochemical parameters <br>and toxic metals. Parameters assessed <br>included <br>pH, <br>turbidity, <br>electrical <br>conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids <br>(TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical <br>oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical <br>oxygen <br>demand <br>(COD), <br>while <br>concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), <br>arsenic (As), and iron (Fe) were measured <br>using <br>Atomic <br>Absorption <br>Spectrophotometry. Results showed that pH <br>remained acidic across all seasons, with <br>values ranging from 5.19 to 5.42. EC and <br>TDS were highest during the dry season, <br>indicating concentration effects due to reduced aquifer recharge, while turbidity <br>and organic pollution indicators increased <br>during the wet and post-rainy seasons, <br>respectively. Pb, Cd, and As concentrations <br>consistently <br>exceeded <br>WHO safety <br>thresholds in all samples and seasons, <br>posing serious public health risks. Iron <br>exceeded aesthetic limits but remained <br>within health-based guidelines. The study <br>concludes that the hand-dug well water in <br>the investigated communities is unsafe for <br>direct <br>human <br>consumption <br>without <br>treatment. The findings reveal critical <br>groundwater <br>vulnerability <br>hydrocarbon <br>pollution <br>and <br>due <br>to <br>seasonal <br>hydrological shifts, highlighting the urgent <br>need for integrated water safety planning, <br>well <br>protection, <br>and <br>strengthened <br>environmental regulation in oil-producing <br>regions of the Niger Delta. </p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_16903886 |
| institution | Zenodo |
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| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
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| spellingShingle | Seasonal Variation in Hydrochemical Characteristics and Heavy Metal Risk Assessment Of Groundwater in Andoni-Isiokwan District, Niger Delta, Nigeria IJMSRT <p>This study investigates seasonal variations <br>in groundwater quality and heavy metal <br>contamination in five oil-exposed rural <br>communities—Dema, Ibotirem, Samanga, <br>Ajakajak, <br>and <br>Isiokwan <br>Udungama—within the <br>District <br>of <br>Andoni <br>Local <br>Government Area, Niger Delta, Nigeria. <br>Groundwater samples were collected from <br>hand-dug wells in each community during <br>the dry, wet, and post-rainy seasons and <br>analysed for physicochemical parameters <br>and toxic metals. Parameters assessed <br>included <br>pH, <br>turbidity, <br>electrical <br>conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids <br>(TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical <br>oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical <br>oxygen <br>demand <br>(COD), <br>while <br>concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), <br>arsenic (As), and iron (Fe) were measured <br>using <br>Atomic <br>Absorption <br>Spectrophotometry. Results showed that pH <br>remained acidic across all seasons, with <br>values ranging from 5.19 to 5.42. EC and <br>TDS were highest during the dry season, <br>indicating concentration effects due to reduced aquifer recharge, while turbidity <br>and organic pollution indicators increased <br>during the wet and post-rainy seasons, <br>respectively. Pb, Cd, and As concentrations <br>consistently <br>exceeded <br>WHO safety <br>thresholds in all samples and seasons, <br>posing serious public health risks. Iron <br>exceeded aesthetic limits but remained <br>within health-based guidelines. The study <br>concludes that the hand-dug well water in <br>the investigated communities is unsafe for <br>direct <br>human <br>consumption <br>without <br>treatment. The findings reveal critical <br>groundwater <br>vulnerability <br>hydrocarbon <br>pollution <br>and <br>due <br>to <br>seasonal <br>hydrological shifts, highlighting the urgent <br>need for integrated water safety planning, <br>well <br>protection, <br>and <br>strengthened <br>environmental regulation in oil-producing <br>regions of the Niger Delta. </p> |
| title | Seasonal Variation in Hydrochemical Characteristics and Heavy Metal Risk Assessment Of Groundwater in Andoni-Isiokwan District, Niger Delta, Nigeria |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16903886 |