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Zenodo
2025
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17129364 |
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- <p><span lang="EN-US">This theoretical paper — building on and developing the author's earlier Japanese works (Makino 2010, 2012, 2013) — proposes a<strong> feature-based analysis of the indicative and subjunctive tenses in Portuguese</strong>, grounded in four primitive anchoring-aspect features and their figurative extensions:<strong> [non-assertive], [VP</strong></span><strong><span lang="EN-US">∈</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"><strong>past], [finished]</strong> and <strong>[assumptive]</strong>. </span><span lang="EN-US">In contrast to the tense-driven systems typical of other Romance languages, Portuguese is assumed to employ a perspective-and-aspect-driven system. This structural opposition between the two systems accounts for a range of cross-Romance differences, including the functional erosion of the future tense and the associated future-oriented use of the preterite, and the remarkable vitality of the so-called preterite (PPS) in this language, and <strong>the uniquely Portuguese reanalysis of the present perfect indicative — PPC:</strong></span></p> <p> </p> <p><strong><span lang="EN-US"> [−VP</span><span lang="EN-US">∈</span><span lang="EN-US">past, <em>+finished</em>, [</span><span lang="EN-US">✓</span><span lang="EN-US">initiated, </span><span lang="EN-US">✓</span><span lang="EN-US"><em>result-</em>stative, −finished]]</span></strong></p> <p><strong><span lang="EN-US"> ↓</span></strong></p> <p><strong><span lang="EN-US"> [−VP</span><span lang="EN-US">∈</span><span lang="EN-US">past, <em><s>+finished</s></em>, [</span><span lang="EN-US">✓</span><span lang="EN-US">initiated, </span><span lang="EN-US">✓</span><em><s><span lang="EN-US">result</span></s></em><span lang="EN-US"><em>-</em>stative, −finished]]</span></strong></p> <p><strong><span lang="EN-US"> ↓</span></strong></p> <p><strong><span lang="EN-US"> [−VP</span><span lang="EN-US">∈</span><span lang="EN-US">past, </span><span lang="EN-US">✓</span><span lang="EN-US">initiated, </span><span lang="EN-US">✓</span><span lang="EN-US">stative, −finished]</span></strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong><span lang="EN-US">Due to the functional competition with the PPS: [−VP∈past, <em>+finished</em>]</span></strong></p> <div> <p> </p> <p><span lang="EN-US">How to cite: Makino, S. (2025). <em>A Perspective-and-Aspect-Driven System of Temporal Anchoring in Portuguese: semantic reanalysis of the Present Perfect and other Cross-Romance divergences</em>. Preprint, LingBuzz/Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15420846">10.5281/zenodo.15420846</a></span><span lang="EN-US">.</span></p> </div> <p>This paper is closely related to another work by the same author, <em>On the Essential Semantic Function of the Preterite Indicative (PPS) in Portuguese</em> (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16185844">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16185844</a>).</p>