Nyctimus mutilloides Benjamin & Dhiya'ulhaq 2025, sp. nov.
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| author | Benjamin, Suresh P. Dhiya'ulhaq, Naufal Urfi Deeleman-Reinhold, Christa Buchori, Damayanti Hidayat, Purnama Scheu, Stefan Drescher, Jochen |
| author_facet | Benjamin, Suresh P. Dhiya'ulhaq, Naufal Urfi Deeleman-Reinhold, Christa Buchori, Damayanti Hidayat, Purnama Scheu, Stefan Drescher, Jochen |
| contents | <p><i>Nyctimus mutilloides</i> Benjamin & Dhiya’ulhaq sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 8</p><p><b>Etymology.</b></p><p>The specific epithet is derived from the latin name of the velvet ant family Mutillidae, and the Greek-derived suffix - <i>oides</i>, meaning “ resembling ” or “ like. ” Thus, <i>mutilloides</i> translates to “ mutillid-like, ” referring to the spider’s striking abdominal patterns resembling abdominal markings of certain trogaspidiine mutillids.</p><p><b>Type material.</b></p><p><b><i>Holotype</i>.</b> Malaysia – Sabah State • ♂; Kinabalu National Park, Poring Hot Springs; 05°59'N, 116°42’E; elev. 600–700 m; 9 Feb. 1997; A. Floren leg.; canopy fogging; RMNH RMNH.ARA.17882.</p><p><b>Diagnosis.</b></p><p><i>Nyctimus mutilloides</i>, sp. nov., can be readily distinguished from its congeners by its vivid white markings on the opisthosoma, forming a pattern highly suggestive of mutillid wasps (spots on all congeners). Furthermore, the male palp has a claw-shaped embolus that juts out from the distal margin of the bulb (different in other congeners; Fig. 8 B, C).</p><p><b>Description.</b></p><p><b>Male</b> (holotype RMNH.ARA.17882; Fig. 8). Total length 2.80. Prosoma length 1.22; width 1.23. Opisthosoma length 1.57; width 1.22. Diameter of eyes: AME 0.07; ALE 0.12; PLE 0.10; PME 0.08. Interdistances between eyes: AME – AME 0.16; AME – ALE 0.11; ALE – ALE 0.39; PME – PME 0.2; PME – PLE 0.18; ALE – PLE 0.10; AME – PME 0.07; PLE – PLE 0.69. Prosoma cuboid, almost as long as wide, slightly flattened, weakly granulated, dark brown with darker margins, laterally adorned with long macrosetae; cephalic region elevated. Legs slender, pale yellow with indistinct annulations. No conspicuous spines observed. Opisthosoma oval, dorsoventrally flattened, with white spots and bands on black background.</p><p>Palp (Fig. 8 B, C): cymbium slender, oval; tip rounded. Embolus claw-shaped, curved with a pointed tip, emerging distally from the tegulum. Tegulum oval; tegular hood wide, located retrolaterally near the base. RTA bilobed; both lobes roughly triangular; dorsal lobe with a serrated edge. VTA short, thumb-shaped, and slightly curved.</p><p><b>Female.</b> Unknown.</p><p><b>Distribution.</b></p><p>Known only from the type locality (Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah) (Fig. 19).</p><p><b>Remarks.</b></p><p>The white dots and stripes on the opisthosoma of <i>N. mutilloides</i> are reminiscent of those of mutillid wasps, especially those of the tribe Trogaspidiini (see figs 26–37 in Okayasu 2023). Whether this constitutes a form of Batesian mimicry is unclear, but it is possible given that certain Gnaphosidae, Salticidae, and Clubionidae seem to mimic velvet ants (Nentwig 2008). Its presence in canopy fogging samples indicates an arboreal lifestyle, a noteworthy ecological trait within the genus. Further surveys and molecular data could shed light on its placement within <i>Nyctimus</i> and potential mimicry evolution in this group.</p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_17306139 |
| institution | Zenodo |
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| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
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| spellingShingle | Nyctimus mutilloides Benjamin & Dhiya'ulhaq 2025, sp. nov. Benjamin, Suresh P. Dhiya'ulhaq, Naufal Urfi Deeleman-Reinhold, Christa Buchori, Damayanti Hidayat, Purnama Scheu, Stefan Drescher, Jochen Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Arachnida Araneae Thomisidae Nyctimus Nyctimus mutilloides <p><i>Nyctimus mutilloides</i> Benjamin & Dhiya’ulhaq sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 8</p><p><b>Etymology.</b></p><p>The specific epithet is derived from the latin name of the velvet ant family Mutillidae, and the Greek-derived suffix - <i>oides</i>, meaning “ resembling ” or “ like. ” Thus, <i>mutilloides</i> translates to “ mutillid-like, ” referring to the spider’s striking abdominal patterns resembling abdominal markings of certain trogaspidiine mutillids.</p><p><b>Type material.</b></p><p><b><i>Holotype</i>.</b> Malaysia – Sabah State • ♂; Kinabalu National Park, Poring Hot Springs; 05°59'N, 116°42’E; elev. 600–700 m; 9 Feb. 1997; A. Floren leg.; canopy fogging; RMNH RMNH.ARA.17882.</p><p><b>Diagnosis.</b></p><p><i>Nyctimus mutilloides</i>, sp. nov., can be readily distinguished from its congeners by its vivid white markings on the opisthosoma, forming a pattern highly suggestive of mutillid wasps (spots on all congeners). Furthermore, the male palp has a claw-shaped embolus that juts out from the distal margin of the bulb (different in other congeners; Fig. 8 B, C).</p><p><b>Description.</b></p><p><b>Male</b> (holotype RMNH.ARA.17882; Fig. 8). Total length 2.80. Prosoma length 1.22; width 1.23. Opisthosoma length 1.57; width 1.22. Diameter of eyes: AME 0.07; ALE 0.12; PLE 0.10; PME 0.08. Interdistances between eyes: AME – AME 0.16; AME – ALE 0.11; ALE – ALE 0.39; PME – PME 0.2; PME – PLE 0.18; ALE – PLE 0.10; AME – PME 0.07; PLE – PLE 0.69. Prosoma cuboid, almost as long as wide, slightly flattened, weakly granulated, dark brown with darker margins, laterally adorned with long macrosetae; cephalic region elevated. Legs slender, pale yellow with indistinct annulations. No conspicuous spines observed. Opisthosoma oval, dorsoventrally flattened, with white spots and bands on black background.</p><p>Palp (Fig. 8 B, C): cymbium slender, oval; tip rounded. Embolus claw-shaped, curved with a pointed tip, emerging distally from the tegulum. Tegulum oval; tegular hood wide, located retrolaterally near the base. RTA bilobed; both lobes roughly triangular; dorsal lobe with a serrated edge. VTA short, thumb-shaped, and slightly curved.</p><p><b>Female.</b> Unknown.</p><p><b>Distribution.</b></p><p>Known only from the type locality (Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah) (Fig. 19).</p><p><b>Remarks.</b></p><p>The white dots and stripes on the opisthosoma of <i>N. mutilloides</i> are reminiscent of those of mutillid wasps, especially those of the tribe Trogaspidiini (see figs 26–37 in Okayasu 2023). Whether this constitutes a form of Batesian mimicry is unclear, but it is possible given that certain Gnaphosidae, Salticidae, and Clubionidae seem to mimic velvet ants (Nentwig 2008). Its presence in canopy fogging samples indicates an arboreal lifestyle, a noteworthy ecological trait within the genus. Further surveys and molecular data could shed light on its placement within <i>Nyctimus</i> and potential mimicry evolution in this group.</p> |
| title | Nyctimus mutilloides Benjamin & Dhiya'ulhaq 2025, sp. nov. |
| topic | Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Arachnida Araneae Thomisidae Nyctimus Nyctimus mutilloides |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17306139 |