Figures from "CART: Carrier-Based Actuatable and Reprogrammable Transport" DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202406635
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2024
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| author | Mandsberg, Nikolaj Kofoed Levkin, Pavel Serna, Julian A. |
| author_facet | Mandsberg, Nikolaj Kofoed Levkin, Pavel Serna, Julian A. |
| contents | <p>These SVG files contain Figure 1-6 from the publication: N. K. Mandsberg, J. A. Serna, P. A. Levkin, <em>Adv. Funct. Mater.</em> 2024, 34, 2406635. These file formats the figure as vector graphics to allow detailed analysis and reuse. The original dataset and experimental details are available via the publication. This upload is supplementary to the publication with DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202406635.</p> <p>Figure 1:<br>Concept of Carrier-based Actuatable and Reprogrammable Transport (CART), an approach for manipulating and transporting microcargo on substrates. a) CART uses a magnetically actuatable carrier intermediate between the cargo and the substrate. b) The combination of substrate and cargo no longer is responsible for the functionality; rather, the functionality is integrated into the carrier thereby decoupling cargo and substrate choices. This gives, c) high versatility in both (i) cargo choice (liquid, solid, gas) and (ii) substrate choice (solid or liquid). d) Carrier properties can be tailored via (i) shape, (ii) patterning, and (iii) differences in top and bottom properties (“Janus” properties). e) Carrier actuation includes untethered (i) translation, (ii) rotation, (iii) inversion, and (iv) lifting. f) A multi-carrier system permits additional manipulation of the cargo, such as (i) transfer, (ii) merging, (iii) splitting, and (iv) mixing, making CART a powerful tool with potential for diverse application fields.</p> <p>Figure 2:<br>Simple realization of CART. a) Photo of a basic CART system (solid substrate, magnetic carrier, and water-based cargo). b) This specific carrier type is created by infusing ferrofluid into a porous material, thereby making it magnetically responsive for untethered cargo transport. c) CART has amphibian characteristics: Photo sequence of the carrier being moved from a dry to a wet substrate, then lifted by inflating a water droplet, and finally returned from liquid substrate to its home position on the solid substrate.</p> <p>Figure 3:<br>jCART's (Janus-CART) adaptability with various cargoes and substrates. a) Advanced jCART system (i) photographed with diverse cargo types: (ii) liquid, (iii) solid, and (iv) gas. The jCART comprises an (v) actuation region and a functionalized top-part, such as a (vi-vii) nanostructured silicon chip with a highly water pinning hydrophilic circular region surrounded by a superhydrophobic barrier. b) Video frame montage of continuous jCART actuation across diverse solid surfaces (dry and wet glass, textured tape, and nitrile glove). c) Sequential images demonstrate the jCART (i) rescuing a mini-Eiffel Tower model on a solid surface, and (ii) operating non-interactively on a liquid substrate, hovering over the submerged model.</p> <p>Figure 4:<br>Carrier actuation. a) Magnetic attraction facilitates complete carrier inversion along a curved substrate. b) Carrier size and orientation affect water cargo capacity for 3 mm and 8 mm circular carriers, with insets showing maximum loads for the 3 mm carrier (n = 3). c) (1-5) Sling-shot maneuver-inspired transition of CART from solid to liquid substrates, with (bottom) quantified carrier speed. d) Ultra-low friction enables rotation and spiraling on liquid substrates: (i) setup, (ii) angular speed operational range, and (iii) photos at rotational extremes (0 and 200 rpm). (iv) Spiraling motion sequence. e) Cargo merging demonstrated through magnetic lift, highlighting the option for non-lateral actuation: (i) separated jCARTs, (ii) lift via magnetic field-induced ferrofluid accumulation, (iii-iv) cargo splitting, (v) lifting mechanism schematic, (vi) lifting-reversibility over five cycles, and (vii) magnet distance versus lift relationship (n = 5).</p> <p>Figure 5:<br>Liquid cargo manipulation in a two-carrier system. A two-carrier system with one horizontal and one inverted carrier enables cargo manipulation: a) transfer, b) merge, and c) split. d,e) By changing the speed of carrier separation, the splitting ratio can be tuned. Inserts show splitting for speeds of 0.6, 16, and 23 cm s<sup>−1</sup> (n = 5). f, Experimental setup to determine the limit of stable transport of liquid cargo. g, Phase diagram showing the stable/unstable transport of water cargo with a jCART (3 mm hydrophilic spot) for variation of (dyed) water cargo volume, V, and carrier acceleration, a<sub>c</sub> (n = 3 device replicates).</p> <p>Figure 6:<br>Reservoir Sampling and Tea Leaf Effect. a) pH measurement application. (i) A CART is prepared with a pH-sensitive indicator cargo. (ii) Non-contaminating sample extraction from reaction reservoir with an inverted jCART. (iii) Extracted sample. (iv) Merging sample with the indicator cargo results in (v) a colorimetric change, indicating the acidity level of the reservoir. b) Tea leaf effect quantification: Heatmap visualizing distribution of blue dye over time in rotated micro-droplet (analysis of C – top row). c) Visualization of Tea Leaf Effect. A water cargo carrier is rotated, causing added dye to migrate to the droplet triple line. Subsequently, deceleration induces a secondary flow that can centralize the dye. (top row) Video frame sequence demonstrates the effect, visible only when deceleration precedes a critical timing. (middle row) Delaying deceleration beyond this point leaves the dye at the droplet's edge. (bottom row) Exploiting this timing, we spatially separate two dyes by introducing them at intervals governed by the critical timing.</p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_17329184 |
| institution | Zenodo |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
| record_format | zenodo |
| spellingShingle | Figures from "CART: Carrier-Based Actuatable and Reprogrammable Transport" DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202406635 Mandsberg, Nikolaj Kofoed Levkin, Pavel Serna, Julian A. <p>These SVG files contain Figure 1-6 from the publication: N. K. Mandsberg, J. A. Serna, P. A. Levkin, <em>Adv. Funct. Mater.</em> 2024, 34, 2406635. These file formats the figure as vector graphics to allow detailed analysis and reuse. The original dataset and experimental details are available via the publication. This upload is supplementary to the publication with DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202406635.</p> <p>Figure 1:<br>Concept of Carrier-based Actuatable and Reprogrammable Transport (CART), an approach for manipulating and transporting microcargo on substrates. a) CART uses a magnetically actuatable carrier intermediate between the cargo and the substrate. b) The combination of substrate and cargo no longer is responsible for the functionality; rather, the functionality is integrated into the carrier thereby decoupling cargo and substrate choices. This gives, c) high versatility in both (i) cargo choice (liquid, solid, gas) and (ii) substrate choice (solid or liquid). d) Carrier properties can be tailored via (i) shape, (ii) patterning, and (iii) differences in top and bottom properties (“Janus” properties). e) Carrier actuation includes untethered (i) translation, (ii) rotation, (iii) inversion, and (iv) lifting. f) A multi-carrier system permits additional manipulation of the cargo, such as (i) transfer, (ii) merging, (iii) splitting, and (iv) mixing, making CART a powerful tool with potential for diverse application fields.</p> <p>Figure 2:<br>Simple realization of CART. a) Photo of a basic CART system (solid substrate, magnetic carrier, and water-based cargo). b) This specific carrier type is created by infusing ferrofluid into a porous material, thereby making it magnetically responsive for untethered cargo transport. c) CART has amphibian characteristics: Photo sequence of the carrier being moved from a dry to a wet substrate, then lifted by inflating a water droplet, and finally returned from liquid substrate to its home position on the solid substrate.</p> <p>Figure 3:<br>jCART's (Janus-CART) adaptability with various cargoes and substrates. a) Advanced jCART system (i) photographed with diverse cargo types: (ii) liquid, (iii) solid, and (iv) gas. The jCART comprises an (v) actuation region and a functionalized top-part, such as a (vi-vii) nanostructured silicon chip with a highly water pinning hydrophilic circular region surrounded by a superhydrophobic barrier. b) Video frame montage of continuous jCART actuation across diverse solid surfaces (dry and wet glass, textured tape, and nitrile glove). c) Sequential images demonstrate the jCART (i) rescuing a mini-Eiffel Tower model on a solid surface, and (ii) operating non-interactively on a liquid substrate, hovering over the submerged model.</p> <p>Figure 4:<br>Carrier actuation. a) Magnetic attraction facilitates complete carrier inversion along a curved substrate. b) Carrier size and orientation affect water cargo capacity for 3 mm and 8 mm circular carriers, with insets showing maximum loads for the 3 mm carrier (n = 3). c) (1-5) Sling-shot maneuver-inspired transition of CART from solid to liquid substrates, with (bottom) quantified carrier speed. d) Ultra-low friction enables rotation and spiraling on liquid substrates: (i) setup, (ii) angular speed operational range, and (iii) photos at rotational extremes (0 and 200 rpm). (iv) Spiraling motion sequence. e) Cargo merging demonstrated through magnetic lift, highlighting the option for non-lateral actuation: (i) separated jCARTs, (ii) lift via magnetic field-induced ferrofluid accumulation, (iii-iv) cargo splitting, (v) lifting mechanism schematic, (vi) lifting-reversibility over five cycles, and (vii) magnet distance versus lift relationship (n = 5).</p> <p>Figure 5:<br>Liquid cargo manipulation in a two-carrier system. A two-carrier system with one horizontal and one inverted carrier enables cargo manipulation: a) transfer, b) merge, and c) split. d,e) By changing the speed of carrier separation, the splitting ratio can be tuned. Inserts show splitting for speeds of 0.6, 16, and 23 cm s<sup>−1</sup> (n = 5). f, Experimental setup to determine the limit of stable transport of liquid cargo. g, Phase diagram showing the stable/unstable transport of water cargo with a jCART (3 mm hydrophilic spot) for variation of (dyed) water cargo volume, V, and carrier acceleration, a<sub>c</sub> (n = 3 device replicates).</p> <p>Figure 6:<br>Reservoir Sampling and Tea Leaf Effect. a) pH measurement application. (i) A CART is prepared with a pH-sensitive indicator cargo. (ii) Non-contaminating sample extraction from reaction reservoir with an inverted jCART. (iii) Extracted sample. (iv) Merging sample with the indicator cargo results in (v) a colorimetric change, indicating the acidity level of the reservoir. b) Tea leaf effect quantification: Heatmap visualizing distribution of blue dye over time in rotated micro-droplet (analysis of C – top row). c) Visualization of Tea Leaf Effect. A water cargo carrier is rotated, causing added dye to migrate to the droplet triple line. Subsequently, deceleration induces a secondary flow that can centralize the dye. (top row) Video frame sequence demonstrates the effect, visible only when deceleration precedes a critical timing. (middle row) Delaying deceleration beyond this point leaves the dye at the droplet's edge. (bottom row) Exploiting this timing, we spatially separate two dyes by introducing them at intervals governed by the critical timing.</p> |
| title | Figures from "CART: Carrier-Based Actuatable and Reprogrammable Transport" DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202406635 |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17329184 |