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| Autores principales: | , |
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| Formato: | Recurso digital |
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| Publicado: |
Zenodo
2025
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| Acceso en línea: | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17760803 |
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- The period from 1870 to 1914, often termed the Second Industrial Revolution or the Belle Époque, stands as a pivotal "Epoch of Flux" that fundamentally reshaped human existence and inaugurated the modern world. This paper explores the dual processes of "powering" and "producing a new humanity" during this transformative era. Powering encompasses the revolutionary advancements in energy sources and industrial technologies, such as electricity, the internal combustion engine, and new methods of steel production, which fueled unprecedented economic growth, urbanization, and the expansion of global empires. Simultaneously, these material transformations catalysed profound demographic, social, and cultural shifts, effectively "producing a new humanity." This new humanity was characterized by mass migration, the emergence of new social classes, evolving gender roles, the rise of mass culture, and novel forms of social and political organization. Through an interdisciplinary analysis of economic, social, and cultural history, this study argues that the interconnected forces of technological innovation and societal restructuring created a dynamic and often contradictory landscape that laid the essential groundwork for the complexities of the twentieth century and beyond. The paper elucidates how these interwoven developments established durable patterns of modernity, from consumerism and globalized economies to the challenges of industrial labor and nascent environmental concerns.