Emergence Without Scale: Inductive Resonance and Invariant Dynamics in Tiny Recurrent Networks

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Autore principale: Giebelhaus, M. Axel
Natura: Recurso digital
Lingua:inglese
Pubblicazione: Zenodo 2025
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author Giebelhaus, M. Axel
author_facet Giebelhaus, M. Axel
contents <p>Emergence in neural sequence models is typically framed as a scaling phenomenon, diagnosed by loss discontinuities or probe performance. We propose a mechanistic alternative: emergence is the acquisition of a hidden state transition operator F : ht → ht+1 that aligns with the latent dynamical laws of the data generator. We investigate this in minimal settings using single-layer tanh RNNs and GRUs (H ∈ [2, 32]) on synthetic worlds with known latent structure (nonlinear oscillators) and matched spectral nulls.</p> <p>While both architectures achieve predictive gains once capacity matches latent dimensionality, their internal mechanisms differ fundamentally. Lyapunov spectrum analysis reveals that trained GRUs develop a "high-Q resonant" regime: the leading Lyapunov exponent approaches neutral stability (λ1 ≈ 0) to preserve flow along the limit cycle, while transverse exponents are strongly contracting (λ>1 ≪ 0). In contrast, tanh RNNs behave as forced damped oscillators, where even the leading exponent is significantly contracting (λ1 < 0). Coasting experiments confirm this: when input forcing is removed, GRUs exhibit high-Q resonance, retaining phase and amplitude significantly longer than the strongly dissipative RNNs.</p> <p>Crucially, we find that the GRU's resonant structure is an architectural prior, not purely a learned behavior. When trained on null worlds (noise), the GRU converges to the same near-neutral spectrum and produces coherent oscillatory hallucinations, whereas the RNN correctly collapses to a stable sink. We conclude that emergence in gated networks is driven by inductive resonance: the gating mechanism enforces a quasi-conservative dynamical prior that leads to efficient learning when matched with oscillatory worlds, but coherent hallucination when mismatched with noise.</p>
format Recurso digital
id zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_17952632
institution Zenodo
language eng
publishDate 2025
publisher Zenodo
record_format zenodo
spellingShingle Emergence Without Scale: Inductive Resonance and Invariant Dynamics in Tiny Recurrent Networks
Giebelhaus, M. Axel
recurrent neural networks
GRU
emergence
Lyapunov exponents
dynamical systems
inductive bias
hallucination detection
neural network dynamics
machine learning
<p>Emergence in neural sequence models is typically framed as a scaling phenomenon, diagnosed by loss discontinuities or probe performance. We propose a mechanistic alternative: emergence is the acquisition of a hidden state transition operator F : ht → ht+1 that aligns with the latent dynamical laws of the data generator. We investigate this in minimal settings using single-layer tanh RNNs and GRUs (H ∈ [2, 32]) on synthetic worlds with known latent structure (nonlinear oscillators) and matched spectral nulls.</p> <p>While both architectures achieve predictive gains once capacity matches latent dimensionality, their internal mechanisms differ fundamentally. Lyapunov spectrum analysis reveals that trained GRUs develop a "high-Q resonant" regime: the leading Lyapunov exponent approaches neutral stability (λ1 ≈ 0) to preserve flow along the limit cycle, while transverse exponents are strongly contracting (λ>1 ≪ 0). In contrast, tanh RNNs behave as forced damped oscillators, where even the leading exponent is significantly contracting (λ1 < 0). Coasting experiments confirm this: when input forcing is removed, GRUs exhibit high-Q resonance, retaining phase and amplitude significantly longer than the strongly dissipative RNNs.</p> <p>Crucially, we find that the GRU's resonant structure is an architectural prior, not purely a learned behavior. When trained on null worlds (noise), the GRU converges to the same near-neutral spectrum and produces coherent oscillatory hallucinations, whereas the RNN correctly collapses to a stable sink. We conclude that emergence in gated networks is driven by inductive resonance: the gating mechanism enforces a quasi-conservative dynamical prior that leads to efficient learning when matched with oscillatory worlds, but coherent hallucination when mismatched with noise.</p>
title Emergence Without Scale: Inductive Resonance and Invariant Dynamics in Tiny Recurrent Networks
topic recurrent neural networks
GRU
emergence
Lyapunov exponents
dynamical systems
inductive bias
hallucination detection
neural network dynamics
machine learning
url https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17952632