Beyond Dual Flatness: Curvature Emergence via Anisotropic Metric Perturbations

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contents <p>Dually flat manifolds occupy a privileged position in information geometry, enabling closed-form geodesics, canonical divergences, and the celebrated Pythagorean theorem for Bregman divergences. Yet the structural conditions that preserve or destroy this flatness under metric perturbation remain incompletely characterized. We introduce a dichotomy framework distinguishing two classes of perturbation: isotropic perturbations, which uniformly scale the base divergence, and anisotropic point-dependent perturbations, which introduce directional selectivity modulated by position in parameter space. Our main result establishes that this dichotomy precisely characterizes the stability of the Pythagorean theorem: isotropic perturbations preserve the theorem for arbitrary perturbation magnitude, while anisotropic point-dependent perturbations generically violate it. The key mechanism is that point-dependent modulation induces non-vanishing third-order mixed derivatives, which in turn generate curvature in the dual connections. Numerical experiments on 2D Gaussian (ε_max = 9.75) and 4-category categorical (ε_max = 0.435) manifolds confirm the theoretical predictions with machine-precision agreement. These results provide a minimal sufficient condition for curvature emergence and offer practical guidance for the design of geometrically faithful divergence modifications.</p>
format Recurso digital
id zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_18019235
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publishDate 2025
publisher Zenodo
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spellingShingle Beyond Dual Flatness: Curvature Emergence via Anisotropic Metric Perturbations
HIDEKI
information geometry
dual flatness
Pythagorean theorem
metric perturbation
dual connections
curvature emergence
Bregman divergence
statistical manifolds
<p>Dually flat manifolds occupy a privileged position in information geometry, enabling closed-form geodesics, canonical divergences, and the celebrated Pythagorean theorem for Bregman divergences. Yet the structural conditions that preserve or destroy this flatness under metric perturbation remain incompletely characterized. We introduce a dichotomy framework distinguishing two classes of perturbation: isotropic perturbations, which uniformly scale the base divergence, and anisotropic point-dependent perturbations, which introduce directional selectivity modulated by position in parameter space. Our main result establishes that this dichotomy precisely characterizes the stability of the Pythagorean theorem: isotropic perturbations preserve the theorem for arbitrary perturbation magnitude, while anisotropic point-dependent perturbations generically violate it. The key mechanism is that point-dependent modulation induces non-vanishing third-order mixed derivatives, which in turn generate curvature in the dual connections. Numerical experiments on 2D Gaussian (ε_max = 9.75) and 4-category categorical (ε_max = 0.435) manifolds confirm the theoretical predictions with machine-precision agreement. These results provide a minimal sufficient condition for curvature emergence and offer practical guidance for the design of geometrically faithful divergence modifications.</p>
title Beyond Dual Flatness: Curvature Emergence via Anisotropic Metric Perturbations
topic information geometry
dual flatness
Pythagorean theorem
metric perturbation
dual connections
curvature emergence
Bregman divergence
statistical manifolds
url https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18019235