| _version_ | 1866901777884905472 |
|---|---|
| author | Vishav Bharti |
| author_facet | Vishav Bharti |
| contents | <p><span>Rabies remains one of the oldest yet most fatal viral diseases known to humanity, responsible for an estimated 59,000 human deaths annually, primarily in Asia and Africa. Despite the availability of highly effective vaccines, access to timely post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) remains a major limitation, particularly in resource-limited settings. Conventional rabies immunoglobulins (RIGs) derived from human or equine sources have long been used as a component of PEP but are constrained by limited availability, high cost, and potential adverse reactions. Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based immunotherapy has emerged as a promising alternative to RIGs, offering specificity, consistent quality, and scalable production. This article reviews the development, mechanism of action, efficacy, and global progress of monoclonal antibodies in rabies prophylaxis and therapy. Particular focus is given to approved products such as Rabishield™ and Twinrab™ in India, and ongoing international efforts to replace polyclonal RIGs with affordable mAb cocktails. The discussion also highlights molecular design strategies, neutralization mechanisms, and challenges for regulatory approval and mass adoption.</span></p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_18103205 |
| institution | Zenodo |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
| record_format | zenodo |
| spellingShingle | Monoclonal antibody-based rabies immunotherapy Vishav Bharti Rabies Monoclonal antibodies <p><span>Rabies remains one of the oldest yet most fatal viral diseases known to humanity, responsible for an estimated 59,000 human deaths annually, primarily in Asia and Africa. Despite the availability of highly effective vaccines, access to timely post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) remains a major limitation, particularly in resource-limited settings. Conventional rabies immunoglobulins (RIGs) derived from human or equine sources have long been used as a component of PEP but are constrained by limited availability, high cost, and potential adverse reactions. Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based immunotherapy has emerged as a promising alternative to RIGs, offering specificity, consistent quality, and scalable production. This article reviews the development, mechanism of action, efficacy, and global progress of monoclonal antibodies in rabies prophylaxis and therapy. Particular focus is given to approved products such as Rabishield™ and Twinrab™ in India, and ongoing international efforts to replace polyclonal RIGs with affordable mAb cocktails. The discussion also highlights molecular design strategies, neutralization mechanisms, and challenges for regulatory approval and mass adoption.</span></p> |
| title | Monoclonal antibody-based rabies immunotherapy |
| topic | Rabies Monoclonal antibodies |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18103205 |