Performance Evaluation of Compressed Earth Blocks (CEBs) vs. Conventional Building Materials in Nigeria: Multi-Criteria Analysis: Cost, Durability, Thermal Comfort & Environmental Sustainability
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| author | Banjo, Adeolu Victor Daramola, Samuel Adedeji Ajayi, Oluwatoyin Olarewaju Odefadehan, Christian Tayo |
| author_facet | Banjo, Adeolu Victor Daramola, Samuel Adedeji Ajayi, Oluwatoyin Olarewaju Odefadehan, Christian Tayo |
| contents | <p><em><span>The Nigerian construction sector continues to rely largely on traditional building materials such as sandcrete blocks, burned bricks, and concrete, which are not only energy-intensive but also costly and environmentally unsustainable.<span> </span>This study examines the performance of compressed earth blocks (CEBs), a locally produced, low-carbon alternative, using a multi-criteria assessment framework that includes cost, structural durability, thermal comfort, and environmental sustainability.<span> </span>Stabilized CEBs (5-8% cement) were compared to conventional walling systems based on existing Nigerian Building Codes and international standards using a mix of experimental testing, field data, and energy modeling tools (e.g., EnergyPlus).<span> </span>CEBs are a more affordable option at ₦3,500/m² compared to concrete blocks (₦7,500/m²). Thermal conductivity studies demonstrate that CEBs exceed traditional blocks in passive cooling effectiveness, resulting in 5-7°C lower interior temperatures and a 30% reduction in energy use.<span> </span>Structural studies show that CEBs fulfill the required compressive strength (4.5-7 MPa) for low-rise structures, especially when lime and cement are employed for stabilization.<span> </span>CEBs emit 0.05 kgCO₂/kg, which is more than 90% less than concrete, and have the lowest embodied energy.<span> </span>Despite its advantages, issues such as public perception, code integration, and restricted scalability persist.<span> </span>The paper advocates policy inclusion, focused training, and industry incentives to increase CEB usage. The findings validate CEBs as a sustainable, thermally efficient, and cost-effective material appropriate for Nigeria's different climatic zones, especially in light of rising housing demand and climate change concerns.</span></em></p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_18119304 |
| institution | Zenodo |
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| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
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| spellingShingle | Performance Evaluation of Compressed Earth Blocks (CEBs) vs. Conventional Building Materials in Nigeria: Multi-Criteria Analysis: Cost, Durability, Thermal Comfort & Environmental Sustainability Banjo, Adeolu Victor Daramola, Samuel Adedeji Ajayi, Oluwatoyin Olarewaju Odefadehan, Christian Tayo Compressed Earth Blocks (CEBs), Cost efficiency, Thermal Performance, Sustainable Construction, and Building Materials in Nigeria. <p><em><span>The Nigerian construction sector continues to rely largely on traditional building materials such as sandcrete blocks, burned bricks, and concrete, which are not only energy-intensive but also costly and environmentally unsustainable.<span> </span>This study examines the performance of compressed earth blocks (CEBs), a locally produced, low-carbon alternative, using a multi-criteria assessment framework that includes cost, structural durability, thermal comfort, and environmental sustainability.<span> </span>Stabilized CEBs (5-8% cement) were compared to conventional walling systems based on existing Nigerian Building Codes and international standards using a mix of experimental testing, field data, and energy modeling tools (e.g., EnergyPlus).<span> </span>CEBs are a more affordable option at ₦3,500/m² compared to concrete blocks (₦7,500/m²). Thermal conductivity studies demonstrate that CEBs exceed traditional blocks in passive cooling effectiveness, resulting in 5-7°C lower interior temperatures and a 30% reduction in energy use.<span> </span>Structural studies show that CEBs fulfill the required compressive strength (4.5-7 MPa) for low-rise structures, especially when lime and cement are employed for stabilization.<span> </span>CEBs emit 0.05 kgCO₂/kg, which is more than 90% less than concrete, and have the lowest embodied energy.<span> </span>Despite its advantages, issues such as public perception, code integration, and restricted scalability persist.<span> </span>The paper advocates policy inclusion, focused training, and industry incentives to increase CEB usage. The findings validate CEBs as a sustainable, thermally efficient, and cost-effective material appropriate for Nigeria's different climatic zones, especially in light of rising housing demand and climate change concerns.</span></em></p> |
| title | Performance Evaluation of Compressed Earth Blocks (CEBs) vs. Conventional Building Materials in Nigeria: Multi-Criteria Analysis: Cost, Durability, Thermal Comfort & Environmental Sustainability |
| topic | Compressed Earth Blocks (CEBs), Cost efficiency, Thermal Performance, Sustainable Construction, and Building Materials in Nigeria. |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18119304 |