Reliability Inference Drives Cue Extraction in Large Language Models Consuming External Reasoning Traces

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Main Author: HIDEKI
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Published: Zenodo 2026
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author HIDEKI
author_facet HIDEKI
contents <p>Large language models increasingly consume external reasoning traces (tool logs, multi-agent outputs), yet must infer trace reliability to choose between independent computation and cue extraction. We introduce a controlled corruption paradigm that independently manipulates trace degradation and embedded answer cues. Across 28 experiments (71,168 trials) with GPT-4o and Claude, we observe reliability-gated cue extraction. In verifiable arithmetic, GPT-4o's wrong-cue following increases monotonically with corruption (0.5% to 8.5% at λ=0.8), while Claude remains near zero. Vulnerability is consumer-determined, amplified by cue salience (up to 21%) and naturalistic tool-log traces (29.1%), and does not require explicit "Answer:" markers. In unverifiable knowledge tasks, both models show elevated cue dependence (~14%). Verification-oriented prompts suppress cue following to 0%, providing a practical control principle for trace-consuming systems.</p>
format Recurso digital
id zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_18254275
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publishDate 2026
publisher Zenodo
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spellingShingle Reliability Inference Drives Cue Extraction in Large Language Models Consuming External Reasoning Traces
HIDEKI
large language models
chain-of-thought reasoning
reliability inference
prompt injection
AI safety
LLM evaluation
multi-agent systems
retrieval-augmented generation
<p>Large language models increasingly consume external reasoning traces (tool logs, multi-agent outputs), yet must infer trace reliability to choose between independent computation and cue extraction. We introduce a controlled corruption paradigm that independently manipulates trace degradation and embedded answer cues. Across 28 experiments (71,168 trials) with GPT-4o and Claude, we observe reliability-gated cue extraction. In verifiable arithmetic, GPT-4o's wrong-cue following increases monotonically with corruption (0.5% to 8.5% at λ=0.8), while Claude remains near zero. Vulnerability is consumer-determined, amplified by cue salience (up to 21%) and naturalistic tool-log traces (29.1%), and does not require explicit "Answer:" markers. In unverifiable knowledge tasks, both models show elevated cue dependence (~14%). Verification-oriented prompts suppress cue following to 0%, providing a practical control principle for trace-consuming systems.</p>
title Reliability Inference Drives Cue Extraction in Large Language Models Consuming External Reasoning Traces
topic large language models
chain-of-thought reasoning
reliability inference
prompt injection
AI safety
LLM evaluation
multi-agent systems
retrieval-augmented generation
url https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18254275