A Cross-Sectional Study on Clinical and Laboratory Abnormalities in Patients Presenting with Hypertensive Emergency in A Rural Medical College Hospital

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Main Author: Dr MD Mahaboob
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Published: Zenodo 2026
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author Dr MD Mahaboob
author_facet Dr MD Mahaboob
contents <div> <div> <p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypertensive emergency is a life-threatening condition characterised by a sudden and severe elevation of blood pressure with acute target organ damage. It contributes significantly to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality, particularly in resource-limited rural settings where hypertension often remains inadequately controlled.</p> <p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To study the clinical presentation, laboratory abnormalities, and target organ involvement in patients presenting with hypertensive emergency at a rural tertiary care medical college hospital.</p> <p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at KVG Medical College and Hospital, Sullia, over a period of 18 months (July 2022 to January 2024). Fifty adult patients (≥18 years) presenting with hypertensive emergency were included using purposive sampling. Detailed clinical evaluation, fundoscopic examination, laboratory investigations, and imaging studies were performed. Blood pressure was recorded at admission, after 1 hour, and after 24 hours. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics with SPSS version 20.0.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of patients was 62.3 ± 14.7 years, with a male predominance (62%). A prior history of hypertension was present in 90% of patients, and 15.5% were non-compliant with antihypertensive therapy. Dyspnea and orthopnoea (56%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Fundoscopic abnormalities were observed in 92% of patients, predominantly Grade 2 hypertensive retinopathy. Renal involvement was common, with proteinuria present in 72% and ultrasonographic evidence of medical renal disease in 30% of patients. Pulmonary oedema was the most frequent chest X-ray finding (50%). Among symptomatic patients, CT brain revealed ischemic stroke in 24% and hemorrhagic stroke in 14%. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures showed a progressive decline over the 24 hours of hospitalisation.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hypertensive emergencies in this rural population were largely associated with chronic uncontrolled hypertension and poor medication adherence, leading to significant multisystem target organ damage. Early diagnosis, prompt management, and effective long-term control of hypertension are essential to reduce morbidity and mortality</p> </div> </div> <div></div>
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spellingShingle A Cross-Sectional Study on Clinical and Laboratory Abnormalities in Patients Presenting with Hypertensive Emergency in A Rural Medical College Hospital
Dr MD Mahaboob
<div> <div> <p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypertensive emergency is a life-threatening condition characterised by a sudden and severe elevation of blood pressure with acute target organ damage. It contributes significantly to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality, particularly in resource-limited rural settings where hypertension often remains inadequately controlled.</p> <p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To study the clinical presentation, laboratory abnormalities, and target organ involvement in patients presenting with hypertensive emergency at a rural tertiary care medical college hospital.</p> <p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at KVG Medical College and Hospital, Sullia, over a period of 18 months (July 2022 to January 2024). Fifty adult patients (≥18 years) presenting with hypertensive emergency were included using purposive sampling. Detailed clinical evaluation, fundoscopic examination, laboratory investigations, and imaging studies were performed. Blood pressure was recorded at admission, after 1 hour, and after 24 hours. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics with SPSS version 20.0.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of patients was 62.3 ± 14.7 years, with a male predominance (62%). A prior history of hypertension was present in 90% of patients, and 15.5% were non-compliant with antihypertensive therapy. Dyspnea and orthopnoea (56%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Fundoscopic abnormalities were observed in 92% of patients, predominantly Grade 2 hypertensive retinopathy. Renal involvement was common, with proteinuria present in 72% and ultrasonographic evidence of medical renal disease in 30% of patients. Pulmonary oedema was the most frequent chest X-ray finding (50%). Among symptomatic patients, CT brain revealed ischemic stroke in 24% and hemorrhagic stroke in 14%. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures showed a progressive decline over the 24 hours of hospitalisation.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hypertensive emergencies in this rural population were largely associated with chronic uncontrolled hypertension and poor medication adherence, leading to significant multisystem target organ damage. Early diagnosis, prompt management, and effective long-term control of hypertension are essential to reduce morbidity and mortality</p> </div> </div> <div></div>
title A Cross-Sectional Study on Clinical and Laboratory Abnormalities in Patients Presenting with Hypertensive Emergency in A Rural Medical College Hospital
url https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18256892