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| Format: | Recurso digital |
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Zenodo
2026
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18302482 |
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Table of Contents:
- <p>Abstract</p> <p>This paper proposes a functionalist reinterpretation of the origins of Etruscan and Roman numerals. Moving away from abstract mathematical theories, the "Logistics Hypothesis" suggests that these symbols originated as practical pictograms used in ancient Mediterranean ports and stone warehouses (tuluss). The study analyzes the visual morphology of the numerals 1–500 as technical markings for specific commodities, packaging methods, and architectural designs of underground storage facilities.</p> <p>1. Commodity-Based Pictograms (1–5)</p> <p>In the high-traffic environment of a port, markings had to be intuitive and quick to carve on stone or clay.</p> <p>I (1) – Meat Cut: A vertical stroke representing a single strip of cured meat—the basic unit of rations.</p> <p>II (2) – Fluidity/Waves: Originally two parallel wavy lines marking amphorae. It indicates liquid goods (wine/oil) that move during transport.</p> <p>III (3) – Animal Hide: A schematic representation of a pelt or hide hanging over a crossbar, showing vertical folds.</p>