Enhancing Solubility and Dissolution of Anti-Fungal Drugs: A Comparative Study of Solid Dispersion and Co-Crystallization

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Auteur principal: Payal Dasgupta1, Bipul Nath*2, Apurba Talukdar3, Himanta Biswa Saikia4
Format: Recurso digital
Publié: Zenodo 2026
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author Payal Dasgupta1, Bipul Nath*2, Apurba Talukdar3, Himanta Biswa Saikia4
author_facet Payal Dasgupta1, Bipul Nath*2, Apurba Talukdar3, Himanta Biswa Saikia4
contents <p><span lang="EN-US">Poor aqueous solubility remains one of the most persistent formulation challenges in the development of effective antifungal drug delivery systems, directly impacting oral bioavailability, therapeutic outcomes, and patient adherence. A significant number of clinically important antifungal agents, particularly azoles and polyenes, fall under Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II and IV, exhibiting low solubility and dissolution-limited absorption. In recent years, formulation-based strategies have gained prominence as viable alternatives to chemical modification for addressing these limitations. Among these, solid dispersion and co-crystallization have emerged as promising and adaptable approaches capable of improving drug solubility, dissolution behavior, and overall performance without compromising pharmacological activity. This review presents a comprehensive and comparative analysis of solid dispersion and co-crystallization techniques applied to antifungal drugs, with emphasis on mechanistic insights governing solubility enhancement. Various preparation methods, including solvent evaporation, hot-melt extrusion, spray drying, and supramolecular co-crystal engineering, are critically discussed. The role of polymeric carriers, co-formers, intermolecular interactions, and crystal lattice modification in influencing drug release is highlighted. In addition, key physicochemical and solid-state characterization tools employed to evaluate these systems are summarized. Recent advancements reported between 2018 and 2025 are reviewed to illustrate progress toward scalable, stable, and regulatory-compliant formulations. Comparative advantages and limitations of each strategy are analyzed in the context of manufacturing feasibility, stability, and translational potential. Finally, regulatory considerations and future perspectives are outlined to assist formulation scientists in selecting rational, patient-centric solubility </span><span lang="EN-US">enhancement strategies for next-generation antifungal therapeutics.</span></p>
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spellingShingle Enhancing Solubility and Dissolution of Anti-Fungal Drugs: A Comparative Study of Solid Dispersion and Co-Crystallization
Payal Dasgupta1, Bipul Nath*2, Apurba Talukdar3, Himanta Biswa Saikia4
Antifungal drugs, poor solubility, solid dispersion, co-crystallization, dissolution enhancement, formulation strategies
<p><span lang="EN-US">Poor aqueous solubility remains one of the most persistent formulation challenges in the development of effective antifungal drug delivery systems, directly impacting oral bioavailability, therapeutic outcomes, and patient adherence. A significant number of clinically important antifungal agents, particularly azoles and polyenes, fall under Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II and IV, exhibiting low solubility and dissolution-limited absorption. In recent years, formulation-based strategies have gained prominence as viable alternatives to chemical modification for addressing these limitations. Among these, solid dispersion and co-crystallization have emerged as promising and adaptable approaches capable of improving drug solubility, dissolution behavior, and overall performance without compromising pharmacological activity. This review presents a comprehensive and comparative analysis of solid dispersion and co-crystallization techniques applied to antifungal drugs, with emphasis on mechanistic insights governing solubility enhancement. Various preparation methods, including solvent evaporation, hot-melt extrusion, spray drying, and supramolecular co-crystal engineering, are critically discussed. The role of polymeric carriers, co-formers, intermolecular interactions, and crystal lattice modification in influencing drug release is highlighted. In addition, key physicochemical and solid-state characterization tools employed to evaluate these systems are summarized. Recent advancements reported between 2018 and 2025 are reviewed to illustrate progress toward scalable, stable, and regulatory-compliant formulations. Comparative advantages and limitations of each strategy are analyzed in the context of manufacturing feasibility, stability, and translational potential. Finally, regulatory considerations and future perspectives are outlined to assist formulation scientists in selecting rational, patient-centric solubility </span><span lang="EN-US">enhancement strategies for next-generation antifungal therapeutics.</span></p>
title Enhancing Solubility and Dissolution of Anti-Fungal Drugs: A Comparative Study of Solid Dispersion and Co-Crystallization
topic Antifungal drugs, poor solubility, solid dispersion, co-crystallization, dissolution enhancement, formulation strategies
url https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18379336