Hedychium thyrsiforme Sm.
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| author | Ashokan, Ajith Gowda, Vinita |
| author_facet | Ashokan, Ajith Gowda, Vinita |
| contents | <p><b><i>Hedychium thyrsiforme</i> Buch.-Ham. ex Sm.</b></p><p>(Fig. 1)</p><p><i>Hedychium</i> no. 5, Cycl. 17 (Smith <i>in</i> Rees 1811).</p><p>TYPE MATERIAL. — <b>Nepal</b> • <i>Buchanan-Hamilton s.n.</i>; lectotype: LINN [8.34!], <b>here designated</b> (Fig. 1A).</p><p>PHENOLOGY AND ECOLOGY. — Flowering from August to September. Fruiting September to October. Flowers are not remarkably fragrant.</p><p>GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION. — India (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland), Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal; this taxon is distributed at an elevation of more than 1400 m.</p><p>IUCN STATUS. — We categorize it as data deficient (DD) following the IUCN guidelines (IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee 2024).</p><p>ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet, “ <i>thyrsiforme</i> ”, refers to the inflorescence: panicle-like or thyrsoid (thyrsi-); resembling or shaped (-forme).</p><p>VERNACULAR NAME. — Pincushion Ginger Lily.</p><p>MORPHOLOGICAL AFFINITIES. — <i>Hedychium thyrsiforme</i> closely resembles <i>H. larsenii</i> in its pyramidal inflorescence, white flowers, and the size of the labellum, lateral staminodes, and filament. However, the two species differ in the lengths of the bracteole, calyx, floral tube, anther, and lamina (Table 1).</p><p>PHYLOGENETIC PLACEMENT. — <i>Hedychium thyrsiforme</i> is consistently recovered in the clade IV in phylogenetic reconstructions of the genus (Wood <i>et al.</i> 2000; Ashokan <i>et al.</i> 2022).</p><p>DESCRIPTION Terrestrial, rhizomatous herb up to 1.2 m tall; rhizome branching parallel to leaf distichy, pale brown externally, creamy white internally; leafy shoot slanting with an erect inflorescence; basal sheath greenish. Leaves sessile; sheath pale green; ligule 3.2-4.8 cm wide, ovate, densely sericeous, pale green; lamina 31-44 × 8-14 cm, elliptic-lanceolate, glabrous and dark green (adaxial) and densely sericeous and pale green (abaxial); acumen 2.5-3.0 cm long, ends in a small caducous appendage; base cuneate. Inflorescence 8-13 × 6-10 cm, dense, pyramidal; rachis hidden; peduncle pubescent, green; bracts 2.5(3.2 × 1.1-1.2 cm, elliptic, puberulent, green, folded, involute, 2-6 flowered; bracteoles 2.0- 2.5 cm long, tubular, pubescent, pale green. Flowers 11.5-13.5 cm long, ascending, white (when fresh), dull white the second day, many flowers (10-15) open simultaneously, faintly fragrant; calyx 2.4-3.0 cm long, tubular, translucent, 3-toothed at tip, slightly hairy at tip, pale green; floral tube 3.4-4.2 × 0.2-0.3 cm, glabrous, erect, white; corolla lobes linear, curled, orientated downwards, glabrous, pale green; dorsal lobe 5.2-5.9 cm long, linear, curled (more curled as the flower ages), glabrous, beaked at tip, embracing the filament and anther in the bud stage, pale green; lateral lobes 5.1-5.7 cm long, linear, curled (more curled as the flower ages), non-beaked at tip, glabrous, white; lateral staminodes 3.0- 3.6 cm long, widest part 0.4 cm, narrowly oblanceolate, one edge linear, obtuse, unguiculate, upper halves reflexed backwards, positioned acute (<80°) with respect to labellum, white, pale yellow towards base; central labellum 2.2-3.0 × 2.0- 2.5 cm, orbicular, glabrous, white with light yellow blotch, bilobed, canaliculate, distinctly clawed; lobes acute, upper halves slightly reflexed backwards; sinus 0.9-1.3 cm deep; claw 1.0-1.3 × 0.2-0.3 cm; filament 5.5-6.5 cm long, slightly arching, deeply grooved on one side, white; anther 0.9-1.1 cm long, linear, basifixed, cream white; thecae 2, split longitudinally; connective 0.1-0.2 cm long, cream white; stigma 0.1 cm wide, cup-shaped, hairy at tip, exserted from the anther by at least 0.1 cm, greenish yellow; style 11.4-13.4 cm long, filiform, white; epigynous nectaries 0.3-0.6 cm long, glabrous, pale yellow; ovary 0.3- 0.4 × 0.2-0.3 cm, barrel-shaped, pubescent, yellowish green; placentation axile; ovules spherical, white. Fruit not seen.</p><p>TYPIFICATION REMARKS</p><p>Francis Buchanan-Hamilton (1762-1829), a Scottish surgeon with the British East India Company, participated in a diplomatic mission to Nepal from 1802 to 1803, during which he collected numerous plants, including <i>Hedychium</i> (Watson & Noltie, 2016). On his return to Britain, he gave his collections, notes and drawings to J. E. Smith, the founding President of the Linnean Society of London, and the person to whom the Court of Directors of the British East India Company turned when they needed botanical advice (Watson & Noltie, 2016). A partial set of Buchanan-Hamilton’s botanical collections also went to Aylmer Bourke Lambert; this material is now at the Natural History Museum, London while the material given to J.E. Smith is still held at the Linnean Society of London. Using Buchanan-Hamilton’s collections and notes, Smith described four species of <i>Hedychium</i> including <i>H. thyrsiforme</i>. The entry in Rees’s Cyclopaedia for <i>H. thyrsiforme</i> should be quoted, ‘Gathered by Dr Buchanan, in August 1802, at Narainhetty, in Upper Nepal, with the last [<i>H. spicatum</i>], from which by name the natives do not distinguish it’. During our visit to the Linnean Society of London Herbarium (LINN), we discovered a specimen of <i>H. thyrsiforme</i> in the Smith Herbarium at LINN. This specimen carries the date “ August 1802 ” and the location “Narainhetty, Upper Nepal ” as recorded in Rees’s Cyclopaedia (Smith, 1811). Based on this finding, we designate it as the lectotype.</p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_18404168 |
| institution | Zenodo |
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| publishDate | 2026 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
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| spellingShingle | Hedychium thyrsiforme Sm. Ashokan, Ajith Gowda, Vinita Biodiversity Taxonomy Plantae Tracheophyta Liliopsida Zingiberales Zingiberaceae Hedychium Hedychium thyrsiforme <p><b><i>Hedychium thyrsiforme</i> Buch.-Ham. ex Sm.</b></p><p>(Fig. 1)</p><p><i>Hedychium</i> no. 5, Cycl. 17 (Smith <i>in</i> Rees 1811).</p><p>TYPE MATERIAL. — <b>Nepal</b> • <i>Buchanan-Hamilton s.n.</i>; lectotype: LINN [8.34!], <b>here designated</b> (Fig. 1A).</p><p>PHENOLOGY AND ECOLOGY. — Flowering from August to September. Fruiting September to October. Flowers are not remarkably fragrant.</p><p>GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION. — India (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland), Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal; this taxon is distributed at an elevation of more than 1400 m.</p><p>IUCN STATUS. — We categorize it as data deficient (DD) following the IUCN guidelines (IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee 2024).</p><p>ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet, “ <i>thyrsiforme</i> ”, refers to the inflorescence: panicle-like or thyrsoid (thyrsi-); resembling or shaped (-forme).</p><p>VERNACULAR NAME. — Pincushion Ginger Lily.</p><p>MORPHOLOGICAL AFFINITIES. — <i>Hedychium thyrsiforme</i> closely resembles <i>H. larsenii</i> in its pyramidal inflorescence, white flowers, and the size of the labellum, lateral staminodes, and filament. However, the two species differ in the lengths of the bracteole, calyx, floral tube, anther, and lamina (Table 1).</p><p>PHYLOGENETIC PLACEMENT. — <i>Hedychium thyrsiforme</i> is consistently recovered in the clade IV in phylogenetic reconstructions of the genus (Wood <i>et al.</i> 2000; Ashokan <i>et al.</i> 2022).</p><p>DESCRIPTION Terrestrial, rhizomatous herb up to 1.2 m tall; rhizome branching parallel to leaf distichy, pale brown externally, creamy white internally; leafy shoot slanting with an erect inflorescence; basal sheath greenish. Leaves sessile; sheath pale green; ligule 3.2-4.8 cm wide, ovate, densely sericeous, pale green; lamina 31-44 × 8-14 cm, elliptic-lanceolate, glabrous and dark green (adaxial) and densely sericeous and pale green (abaxial); acumen 2.5-3.0 cm long, ends in a small caducous appendage; base cuneate. Inflorescence 8-13 × 6-10 cm, dense, pyramidal; rachis hidden; peduncle pubescent, green; bracts 2.5(3.2 × 1.1-1.2 cm, elliptic, puberulent, green, folded, involute, 2-6 flowered; bracteoles 2.0- 2.5 cm long, tubular, pubescent, pale green. Flowers 11.5-13.5 cm long, ascending, white (when fresh), dull white the second day, many flowers (10-15) open simultaneously, faintly fragrant; calyx 2.4-3.0 cm long, tubular, translucent, 3-toothed at tip, slightly hairy at tip, pale green; floral tube 3.4-4.2 × 0.2-0.3 cm, glabrous, erect, white; corolla lobes linear, curled, orientated downwards, glabrous, pale green; dorsal lobe 5.2-5.9 cm long, linear, curled (more curled as the flower ages), glabrous, beaked at tip, embracing the filament and anther in the bud stage, pale green; lateral lobes 5.1-5.7 cm long, linear, curled (more curled as the flower ages), non-beaked at tip, glabrous, white; lateral staminodes 3.0- 3.6 cm long, widest part 0.4 cm, narrowly oblanceolate, one edge linear, obtuse, unguiculate, upper halves reflexed backwards, positioned acute (<80°) with respect to labellum, white, pale yellow towards base; central labellum 2.2-3.0 × 2.0- 2.5 cm, orbicular, glabrous, white with light yellow blotch, bilobed, canaliculate, distinctly clawed; lobes acute, upper halves slightly reflexed backwards; sinus 0.9-1.3 cm deep; claw 1.0-1.3 × 0.2-0.3 cm; filament 5.5-6.5 cm long, slightly arching, deeply grooved on one side, white; anther 0.9-1.1 cm long, linear, basifixed, cream white; thecae 2, split longitudinally; connective 0.1-0.2 cm long, cream white; stigma 0.1 cm wide, cup-shaped, hairy at tip, exserted from the anther by at least 0.1 cm, greenish yellow; style 11.4-13.4 cm long, filiform, white; epigynous nectaries 0.3-0.6 cm long, glabrous, pale yellow; ovary 0.3- 0.4 × 0.2-0.3 cm, barrel-shaped, pubescent, yellowish green; placentation axile; ovules spherical, white. Fruit not seen.</p><p>TYPIFICATION REMARKS</p><p>Francis Buchanan-Hamilton (1762-1829), a Scottish surgeon with the British East India Company, participated in a diplomatic mission to Nepal from 1802 to 1803, during which he collected numerous plants, including <i>Hedychium</i> (Watson & Noltie, 2016). On his return to Britain, he gave his collections, notes and drawings to J. E. Smith, the founding President of the Linnean Society of London, and the person to whom the Court of Directors of the British East India Company turned when they needed botanical advice (Watson & Noltie, 2016). A partial set of Buchanan-Hamilton’s botanical collections also went to Aylmer Bourke Lambert; this material is now at the Natural History Museum, London while the material given to J.E. Smith is still held at the Linnean Society of London. Using Buchanan-Hamilton’s collections and notes, Smith described four species of <i>Hedychium</i> including <i>H. thyrsiforme</i>. The entry in Rees’s Cyclopaedia for <i>H. thyrsiforme</i> should be quoted, ‘Gathered by Dr Buchanan, in August 1802, at Narainhetty, in Upper Nepal, with the last [<i>H. spicatum</i>], from which by name the natives do not distinguish it’. During our visit to the Linnean Society of London Herbarium (LINN), we discovered a specimen of <i>H. thyrsiforme</i> in the Smith Herbarium at LINN. This specimen carries the date “ August 1802 ” and the location “Narainhetty, Upper Nepal ” as recorded in Rees’s Cyclopaedia (Smith, 1811). Based on this finding, we designate it as the lectotype.</p> |
| title | Hedychium thyrsiforme Sm. |
| topic | Biodiversity Taxonomy Plantae Tracheophyta Liliopsida Zingiberales Zingiberaceae Hedychium Hedychium thyrsiforme |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18404168 |