Myrmotherula paraensis Todd 1920
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| author | Isler, Morton L. Chesser, R. Terry Stryjewski, Katherine Faust Whitney, Bret M. |
| author_facet | Isler, Morton L. Chesser, R. Terry Stryjewski, Katherine Faust Whitney, Bret M. |
| contents | <p><b><i>Myrmotherula paraensis</i> Todd, 1920, subspecies elevated to species</b></p><p>Eastern Long-winged Antwren</p><p>Includes the study populations designated <i>ochrogyna</i> (both subclades) and <i>paraensis</i> in the analysis.</p><p><b>Diagnosis</b>. <i>Myrmotherula paraensis</i> is distinguished from <i>M. longipennis</i> and <i>M. garbei</i> by vocalizations and female plumage. The shape (structure) of notes in Songs of <i>M. paraensis</i> differs from note shapes in both <i>M. longipennis</i> and <i>M. garbei</i> Songs (Fig. 2). The pace of <i>M</i>. <i>paraensis</i> Songs is faster than the pace of Songs of <i>M. longipennis</i> and <i>M. garbei</i>. Notes in <i>M. paraensis</i> Songs rise in frequency, whereas the frequency of notes in <i>M. longipennis</i> Songs declines. Note shapes in the Series Call of <i>M. paraensis</i> differ from those of <i>M. longipennis</i>, and note shape of the Multi-note Call of <i>M. paraensis</i> differs from that of <i>M. garbei</i> (Fig. 3). Diagnosable plumage differences are limited to females. Although females of two of the three subspecies of <i>M. paraensis</i> have grayish upperparts, they differ diagnostically from the very dark gray upperparts of <i>M. garbei</i>. Females of two of the <i>M. paraensis</i> subspecies have whitish bellies tinged with buff and differ diagnostically from the white-bellied <i>M. longipennis</i>.</p><p><b>Description of female plumage.</b> <i>Myrmotherula paraensis</i> encompasses three subspecies that differ substantially in coloration. Upperparts of <i>M. p. paraensis</i> are dark grayish olive brown to olive gray (2.5Y4/2–4/3 to 5Y4/2–4/3); those of <i>transitiva</i> are olive brown or yellowish brown (2.5Y4/4–5/6 or 10YR5/6); and those of <i>ochrogyna</i> are reddish yellow brown (7.5YR4/6–4/4). Wings and tails of <i>p. paraensis</i> and <i>transitiva</i> are very dark grayish olive brown (2.5Y3/2); those of <i>ochrogyna</i> are reddish yellow brown (7.5YR4/3). Wing edgings of <i>p. paraensis</i> are light yellowish olive-brown (2.5Y6/4); those of <i>transitiva</i> are pale yellowish olive brown (2.5Y7/4); and those of <i>ochrogyna</i> are buffy brown (10YR7/4). Underparts of the three subspecies also differ as follows. The throat, breast and belly of <i>p. paraensis</i> are pale olive yellow (2.5Y7/4–7/6), and the flanks and crissum are light olive brown (2.5Y6/4–5/4). The throat and belly of <i>transitiva</i> are white tinged pale olive yellow (2.5Y7/6), the breast is pale yellow olive (2.5Y7/4–7/6), and the crissum and flanks are light olive brown (2,5Y6/4–5/4). The throat, belly, and crissum of <i>ochrogyna</i> are white tinged brownish yellow (10YR6/8), and the breast (creating a breast band) and flanks are brownish yellow ochre (10YR7/6–6/8).</p><p><b>Distribution</b>. Brazil south of the Rio Amazonas; east of the Rio Madeira, west of the Rio Pindaré, Maranhão, and west and north of southern Amazonian forest limits; southern Isla Marajó.</p><p><b>Remarks.</b> Hellmayr (1929) described <i>M. l. transitiva</i> and compared plumages of <i>paraensis</i>, <i>ochrogyna</i>, and <i>transitiva</i>. He found coloration differences to be limited to females (e.g., in depth of color, brightness and rufescence of upperparts, and warmth and depth of buffy underparts), with <i>transitiva</i> being nearer <i>paraensis</i>. Our results are consistent with Hellmayr’s observation that <i>ochrogyna</i> and <i>paraensis</i> differ more in coloration than do <i>transitiva</i> and <i>paraensis</i>. Consistency of vocalizations among the three populations indicates that <i>ochrogyna</i> and <i>transitiva</i> are best considered subspecies of <i>paraensis</i>. Given the lack of known significant vocal differences, we maintain both <i>transitiva</i> and <i>ochrogyna</i> as subspecies pending additional field data from the region.</p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_18405582 |
| institution | Zenodo |
| language | |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
| record_format | zenodo |
| spellingShingle | Myrmotherula paraensis Todd 1920 Isler, Morton L. Chesser, R. Terry Stryjewski, Katherine Faust Whitney, Bret M. Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Chordata Aves Passeriformes Thamnophilidae Myrmotherula Myrmotherula paraensis <p><b><i>Myrmotherula paraensis</i> Todd, 1920, subspecies elevated to species</b></p><p>Eastern Long-winged Antwren</p><p>Includes the study populations designated <i>ochrogyna</i> (both subclades) and <i>paraensis</i> in the analysis.</p><p><b>Diagnosis</b>. <i>Myrmotherula paraensis</i> is distinguished from <i>M. longipennis</i> and <i>M. garbei</i> by vocalizations and female plumage. The shape (structure) of notes in Songs of <i>M. paraensis</i> differs from note shapes in both <i>M. longipennis</i> and <i>M. garbei</i> Songs (Fig. 2). The pace of <i>M</i>. <i>paraensis</i> Songs is faster than the pace of Songs of <i>M. longipennis</i> and <i>M. garbei</i>. Notes in <i>M. paraensis</i> Songs rise in frequency, whereas the frequency of notes in <i>M. longipennis</i> Songs declines. Note shapes in the Series Call of <i>M. paraensis</i> differ from those of <i>M. longipennis</i>, and note shape of the Multi-note Call of <i>M. paraensis</i> differs from that of <i>M. garbei</i> (Fig. 3). Diagnosable plumage differences are limited to females. Although females of two of the three subspecies of <i>M. paraensis</i> have grayish upperparts, they differ diagnostically from the very dark gray upperparts of <i>M. garbei</i>. Females of two of the <i>M. paraensis</i> subspecies have whitish bellies tinged with buff and differ diagnostically from the white-bellied <i>M. longipennis</i>.</p><p><b>Description of female plumage.</b> <i>Myrmotherula paraensis</i> encompasses three subspecies that differ substantially in coloration. Upperparts of <i>M. p. paraensis</i> are dark grayish olive brown to olive gray (2.5Y4/2–4/3 to 5Y4/2–4/3); those of <i>transitiva</i> are olive brown or yellowish brown (2.5Y4/4–5/6 or 10YR5/6); and those of <i>ochrogyna</i> are reddish yellow brown (7.5YR4/6–4/4). Wings and tails of <i>p. paraensis</i> and <i>transitiva</i> are very dark grayish olive brown (2.5Y3/2); those of <i>ochrogyna</i> are reddish yellow brown (7.5YR4/3). Wing edgings of <i>p. paraensis</i> are light yellowish olive-brown (2.5Y6/4); those of <i>transitiva</i> are pale yellowish olive brown (2.5Y7/4); and those of <i>ochrogyna</i> are buffy brown (10YR7/4). Underparts of the three subspecies also differ as follows. The throat, breast and belly of <i>p. paraensis</i> are pale olive yellow (2.5Y7/4–7/6), and the flanks and crissum are light olive brown (2.5Y6/4–5/4). The throat and belly of <i>transitiva</i> are white tinged pale olive yellow (2.5Y7/6), the breast is pale yellow olive (2.5Y7/4–7/6), and the crissum and flanks are light olive brown (2,5Y6/4–5/4). The throat, belly, and crissum of <i>ochrogyna</i> are white tinged brownish yellow (10YR6/8), and the breast (creating a breast band) and flanks are brownish yellow ochre (10YR7/6–6/8).</p><p><b>Distribution</b>. Brazil south of the Rio Amazonas; east of the Rio Madeira, west of the Rio Pindaré, Maranhão, and west and north of southern Amazonian forest limits; southern Isla Marajó.</p><p><b>Remarks.</b> Hellmayr (1929) described <i>M. l. transitiva</i> and compared plumages of <i>paraensis</i>, <i>ochrogyna</i>, and <i>transitiva</i>. He found coloration differences to be limited to females (e.g., in depth of color, brightness and rufescence of upperparts, and warmth and depth of buffy underparts), with <i>transitiva</i> being nearer <i>paraensis</i>. Our results are consistent with Hellmayr’s observation that <i>ochrogyna</i> and <i>paraensis</i> differ more in coloration than do <i>transitiva</i> and <i>paraensis</i>. Consistency of vocalizations among the three populations indicates that <i>ochrogyna</i> and <i>transitiva</i> are best considered subspecies of <i>paraensis</i>. Given the lack of known significant vocal differences, we maintain both <i>transitiva</i> and <i>ochrogyna</i> as subspecies pending additional field data from the region.</p> |
| title | Myrmotherula paraensis Todd 1920 |
| topic | Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Chordata Aves Passeriformes Thamnophilidae Myrmotherula Myrmotherula paraensis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18405582 |