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Garcinia oliveri Pierre

Fuente: Zenodo
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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet
Formato: Recurso digital
Publicado: Zenodo 2026
Materias:
Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Clusiaceae
Garcinia
Garcinia oliveri
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author Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai
Chanton, Pichet
author_facet Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai
Chanton, Pichet
contents <p><i>Garcinia oliveri</i> Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1 (4): 28, t. 64. 1882.</p><p>Figs 5, 6</p><p>= <i>Garcinia delpyana</i> Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1 (5): 28, t. 65. 1883; Vesque, Epharmosis 2: 22. t. 125, 126. 1889 et in A. DC. & C. DC., Monogr. Phan. 8: 451. 1893; Engl. in Engl. & Prantl, Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien 3 (6): 237. 1893; Pit. in Lecomte et al., Fl. Indo-Chine 1 (4): 310. 1910; P. H. Hô, Câyco Vietnam 1: 562. fig. 1552. 1991. Type. [Vietnam], Cresit in insula Phú Qu ốc sinus Siamici [Phú Qu ốc Island], 23 Jan 1874, <i>J. B. L. Pierre 3625</i> (lectotype: designated here, P! [P 04701469]; isolectotypes: P! [P 04701467, P 04701468] and L digital image! [U.1208206]), syn. nov.</p><p>= <i>Garcinia curtisii</i> Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 1: 175. 1922.</p><p>= <i>Garcinia bancana</i> Miq. var. <i>curtisii</i> (Ridl.) Whitmore, Gard. Bull. Singapore 26 (2): 276. 1973. Type. Peninsular Malaysia, Penang, from Waterfall, Mar 1892, <i>C. Curtis 691</i> (lectotype: first-step designated by Whitmore (1973), without indication of herbarium and barcode; second-step designated here, SING! [SING 0069255]; isolectotypes: K! [K 000939065], SING! [SING 0069254]), syn. nov.</p><p><b>Type.</b></p><p>[Vietnam], in sylvis densis ad flumen Bé prope pagum Tri Huy ện in Biên Hòa prov. Biên Hòa Gallicae austro Cochinchinae [in dense forests by the Be River near the village of Tri Huyen in Bien Hoa Province of southern Cochinchina], Apr 1873, <i>J. B. L. Pierre 1373</i> (lectotype: designated here, P! [P 04701853]; isolectotypes: BM digital image! [BM 001191361], K! [K 000677695], L digital images! [L 2417119], P! [P 04701837, P 04701842, P 04701852]).</p><p><b>Description.</b></p><p>Evergreen trees, dioecious, 5–20 (– 25) m tall, 30–130 cm GBH; exudate pale yellow and sticky; branches decussate, horizontal, or nearly horizontal; branchlets green, 4 - angular, glabrous. <i>Bark</i> brown or dark brown, scaly; inner bark pinkish pale yellow. <i>Terminal bud</i> concealed between the bases of the uppermost pair of petioles. <i>Leaves</i> decussate; lamina elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 12–25 × (4 –) 5.5–9 cm, apex acute or acuminate, base cuneate, margin entire or repand, subcoriaceous, dark green above, paler below, glabrous and glossy on both surfaces, midrib slightly raised (proximal part) and flattened (distal part) above, raised below, secondary veins 10–15 pairs, curving towards the margin and connected in distinct loops and united into an intramarginal vein, flattened above, slightly raised below, with intersecondary veins, veinlets reticulate, visible above, interrupted long wavy lines present, of differing lengths, running across the secondary veins to the apex; petiole green, sometimes with the uppermost pair red or greenish red, turning green with age, 1.5–2.5 cm long, 0.3–1 cm diam., slightly raised above, glabrous, with a basal appendage clasping the branchlet; fresh leaves brittle when crushed; young leaves red or brownish red, turning pale green, glossy. <i>Inflorescences</i> terminal or borne on short, leafless lateral branchlets, in fascicles of 3–9 - flowered cymes (staminate inflorescence usually bearing more flowers than pistillate ones), or sometimes a solitary flower (in pistillates); bracts early caducous. <i>Flowers</i> unisexual, 4 - merous; pedicel greenish yellow to yellow, glabrous; bracteoles early caducous; sepals and petals decussate, glabrous, slightly thick, and fleshy; sepals yellow to orangish yellow, concave; petals pale yellow to yellow, not concave. <i>Flower buds</i> pale green, becoming greenish yellow, yellow to orangish yellow before anthesis, subglobose or globose, 3–6 mm diam. <i>Staminate flowers</i> 1–1.2 cm diam.; pedicel 4–7 mm long, 1.5–3.5 mm diam.; sepals 4, broadly elliptic or suborbicular, 5–8 × 4.5–8 mm, the outer pair slightly larger than the inner pair, apex rounded; petals 4, broadly oblong, broadly elliptic, or elliptic, 0.9–1.3 × 0.7–1.3 cm, subequal, apex rounded; stamens numerous, united into a single central 4 - sided or weakly 4 - lobed bundle surrounding a pistillode or without a pistillode, bundle 5–7 mm diam; filaments very short; anthers small, 4 - thecous, longitudinally dehiscent; pistillode fungiform, 2–3.5 mm long. <i>Pistillate flowers</i> 0.8–1.3 cm diam.; pedicel 3–4.5 mm long, 2.5–4 mm diam.; sepals and petals same as in staminate flowers; staminodes 5–11, united into 4 bundles, surrounding the ovary; pistil fungiform, 4–6 mm long; ovary pale green, subglobose or globose, 5–7 × 5–7.5 mm; stigma pale yellow, convex, radiate, shallowly 6–10 - lobed, 4–5.5 mm diam., papillate. <i>Fruits</i> berries, green, turning yellow or orangish yellow when ripe, glabrous, cut fruits with a sticky yellow exudate, variable in shape, subglobose, globose, broadly ellipsoid, or sometimes broadly obovoid, 3.5–5 × 3–4.5 cm, sometimes oblique, asymmetrical, unlobed, sometimes weakly 6–10 - lobed, with a short, thick beak at the apex, pericarp fleshy, 2–4 mm thick; persistent stigma dark brown or brown, 5–6 mm diam., weakly 6–10 - lobed, papillate; persistent sepals slightly larger than in flowering material; fruiting stalk short and thick, 3–6.5 mm long, 3–6 mm diam. <i>Seeds</i> 6–10, sometimes aborted (1–5), dark brown mottled with paler irregular lines, semi-ellipsoid, 1.4–2.7 × 0.9–1.3 cm, rounded at both ends, with a yellow to orangish yellow fleshy pulp.</p><p><b>Distribution.</b></p><p>Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, and Peninsular Malaysia (Penang, Kelantan, Kepong) (Fig. 4 B).</p><p><b>Distribution in Thailand.</b></p><p><b>North-Eastern</b>: Loei, Buengkan; <b>Eastern</b>: Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon Ratchathani; <b>Central</b>: Saraburi, Nakhon Nayok; <b>South-Eastern</b>: Chanthaburi, Trat; <b>Peninsular</b>: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Phuket, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung, Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Narathiwat (Fig. 4 B).</p><p><b>Habitat and ecology.</b></p><p>It is found in dry evergreen forests, tropical lowland evergreen rain forests, peat swamp forests, and secondary forests, occasionally occurring along streams at elevations ranging from near sea level to 800 m a. m. s. l.</p><p><b>Phenology.</b></p><p>Flowering and fruiting occur more than once, nearly throughout the year; flowering peaks from December to April, and fruiting peaks from April to August.</p><p><b>Conservation status.</b></p><p><i>Garcinia oliveri</i> is widely distributed from Indo-China to Peninsular Malaysia. It is known from many localities and has a large EOO of 1,086,628.84 km 2 and an AOO of 196 km 2. In Thailand, this species has an EOO of 798,570.92 km 2 and an AOO of 128 km 2. Because of its wide distribution, the number of localities, and the absence of any apparent imminent threats to the plants or their habitats, we assess its conservation status here as LC, in agreement with de Kok (2024 a).</p><p><b>Etymology.</b></p><p>The specific epithet of <i>Garcinia oliveri</i> honors the British botanist Daniel Oliver (1830–1916), who served as assistant at the Kew Herbarium (1858–1864), later as its keeper (1860–1890), and was also a professor of botany at University College, London (1861–1888) (Stafleu and Cowan 1981). He contributed significantly to tropical botany.</p><p><b>Vernacular names.</b></p><p><b>Cha muang bai yai</b> (ชะมวงใบใหญ ่) (suggested here); Cha muang chang (ชะมวงช ้ าง) (Trat, from the specimen <i>K. Bunchuai 13</i>); Muang (มวง) (Satun, from the specimen <i>A. F. G. Kerr 14200</i>); Som mong (ส ้ มโมง) (Saraburi, from the specimen <i>A. F. G. Kerr 10005</i>); U mong (อ ุ โมง) (Trat, from the specimen <i>Put 563</i>).</p><p><b>Uses.</b></p><p>It can be utilized in a similar way to <i>Garcinia cowa</i> var. <i>cowa</i>.</p><p><b>Lectotypifications.</b></p><p><i>Garcinia oliveri</i> was described by Pierre (1882) based on seven gatherings: <i>Herb. Pierre 2</i>, <i>7720</i>, <i>1373</i>, <i>3624</i>, <i>3626</i>, and <i>3628</i>, collected from various parts of Lower Cochinchina and Cambodia (“ Habite toutes les parties de la Basse-Cochinchine et du Cambodge ”), and <i>Harmand 190</i>, collected from Southern Laos (“ le Laos méridional ”). Pierre did not indicate a type, nor did he indicate the herbaria in which the specimens were deposited. Following Art. 9.6 of the ICN (Turland et al. 2018), all these specimens are therefore considered syntypes. However, detailed examination revealed that specimens <i>J. B. L. Pierre 2</i>, <i>1373</i>, and <i>3628</i> differ in both their localities and dates of collection, but we did not find specimen <i>J. B. L. Pierre 3624</i>.</p><p>The specimen <i>J. B. L. Pierre 2</i> can be separated into four distinct groups:</p><p>Group A: Collected from the Deon Ba Mountains in Tây Ninh Province, southern Cochinchina (“ Crescit montibus Deon Ba, prov. Tây Ninh austro Cochinchinae ”) on 15 April 1866. Specimen housed at: P [P 04701526].</p><p>Group B: Collected from the Dinh Mountains in Baria Province, southern Cochinchina (“ Crescit in montibus Dinh in prov. Baria Gallicae austro Cochinchinae ”) in June 1866. Specimens housed at: P [P 04701527, P 04701529, P 0470153].</p><p>Group C: Collected from the Dinh Mountains (Mu xoai) in Baria Province, southern Cochinchina (“ Oritur in montibus Dinh (Mú xoài) in prov. Baria Gallicae austro Cochinchinae ”) in September 1866. Specimen housed at: P [P 04701528].</p><p>Group D: Collected from the Dinh Mountains (Mu xoai) in Baria Province, southern Cochinchina (“ Oritur in montibus Dinh (Mú xoài) in prov. Baria Gallicae austro Cochinchinae ”) on 14 March 1867. Specimens housed at: K [K 000677694], P [P 04701862, P 04701865, P 04701866], and U [U 1199443].</p><p>Upon examination, the specimens cited as number “ <i>7720</i> ” in the original description correspond in all respects to the specimen labelled “ <i>772</i>, ” and no distinct gathering corresponding to “ <i>7720</i> ” was located. We therefore interpret the citation of “ <i>Herb. Pierre 7720</i> ” in the protologue as a transcription error and correct it to “ <i>J. B. L. Pierre 772</i>. ” The specimen <i>J. B. L. Pierre 772</i>, collected from the Schnal Mountains (“ in montibus Schnal ”), Cambodia, in May 1870, is housed at: K [without barcode].</p><p>The specimen <i>J. B. L. Pierre 1373</i> can be separated into three distinct groups:</p><p>Group A: Collected from the Dinh Mountains (Mu xoai) in Baria Province, southern Cochinchina (“ Oritur in montibus Dinh (Mú xoài) in prov. Baria Gallicae austro Cochinchinae ”) on 14 March 1867. Specimens housed at: BM [BM 001191363], K [without barcode], L [L 2417118], and P [P 04701849].</p><p>Group B: Collected in dense forests by the Be River near the village of Tri Huyen in Bien Hoa Province of southern Cochinchina (“ in sylvis densis ad flumen Bé prope pagum Tri Huy ện in Biên Hòa prov. Biên Hòa Gallicae austro Cochinchinae ”) in April 1873. Specimens housed at: BM [BM 001191361], K [K 000677695], L [L 2417119], and P [P 04701837, P 04701842, P 04701852, P 04701853].</p><p>Group C: Collected near the village of Giang Dong on Phu Quoc Island (“ ad pagum Giang Đông in insula Phú Qu ốc sinus Siamici ”) in December 1874. Specimens housed at: BM [BM 001191364], K [without barcode], L [L 0700336], and P [P 04701850].</p><p>The specimen <i>J. B. L. Pierre 3626</i> collected from the village of Giang Dong on Phu Quoc Island (“ crescit ad pagum Giang Đông in insula Phú Qu ốc sinus Siamici ”) in December 1874, is housed at: BM [BM 001191362], CAL [CAL 0000005848], P [P 04701844, P 04701845, P 04701847], and U [U 1199444].</p><p>The specimen <i>J. B. L. Pierre 3628</i> can be separated into two distinct groups:</p><p>Group A: Collected from the Dinh Mountains in Baria Province, southern Cochinchina (“ Crescit in montibus Dinh in provincia Baria austro Cochinchinae ”) in June 1866. Specimen housed at: P [P 04701851].</p><p>Group B: Collected from the Dinh Mountains near Baria, southern Cochinchina (“ Crescit in montibus Dinh juxta Baria Gallicae austro Cochinchinae ”) April 1867. Specimen housed at: P [P 04701846].</p><p>The specimen <i>F. J. Harmand 190</i> collected from Selamphao, Sè-Moun Basin, Southern Laos [“ Selamphao, Bassin du Sè-Moun (Laos méridional) ”] in Jan 1876 is housed at: P [P 04701858, P 04701859].</p><p>The specimens cited under <i>J. B. L. Pierre 1373</i> represent three distinct gatherings differing in locality and collection date. When multiple gatherings are involved, the choice of a lectotype must be justified by reference to the morphological characters given in the protologue. Among the syntypes, the specimen of Group B at P [P 04701853] is the most complete and best preserved and shows the closest correspondence to the morphology described in the protologue. We therefore designate <i>J. B. L. Pierre 1373</i> (Group B) at P [P 04701853] as the lectotype, following Art. 9.3 of the ICN (Turland et al. 2018). The remaining duplicates of the same gathering at BM [BM 001191361], K [K 000677695], L [L 2417119], and P [P 04701837, P 04701842, P 04701852] are designated as isolectotypes, following Art. 9.12 of the ICN (Turland et al. 2018)</p><p><i>Garcinia delpyana</i> was described by Pierre (1883) based on three gatherings: <i>Herb. Pierre 2002</i>, <i>3624</i>, and <i>3635</i>, collected along the coast of Pile Phu-Quoc and in Kampot Province (“ Cette espèce est commune sur le littoral de Pile Phu-Quoc et dans la province de Kamput ”). Pierre did not indicate a type, nor did he specify the herbaria in which the specimens were deposited. Following Art. 9.6 of the ICN (Turland et al. 2018), all of these specimens are therefore considered syntypes.</p><p>The specimen <i>J. B. L. Pierre 2002</i>, collected from Phu Quoc (“ Phú Qu ốc sinus Siamici ”) in March 1877, is housed at: P [P 04701474].</p><p>The specimen <i>J. B. L. Pierre 3624</i>, collected from the Cám Chay Mountains in Kampot Province (“ Cresit in montibus Cám Chay in prov. Kamput ”) in April 1874, is housed at: P [P 04701472, P 04701473].</p><p>Upon examination, the specimens cited as number “ <i>3635</i> ” in the original description correspond in all respects to the specimen labelled “ <i>3625</i>, ” and no distinct gathering corresponding to “ <i>3635</i> ” was located. We therefore interpret the citation of “ <i>Herb. Pierre 3635</i> ” in the protologue as a transcription error and correct it to “ <i>J. B. L. Pierre 3625</i>. ” Specimens under the collection number <i>3625</i> differ in their dates of collection and can be separated into two distinct groups:</p><p>Group A: Collected from Giang Dong on Phú Qu ốc Island (“ ad Giang Dong in insula Phú Qu ốc sinus Siamici ”) on 18 January 1874. Specimens housed at: P [P 04701470, P 04701471].</p><p>Group B: Collected from Phú Qu ốc Island (“ Cresit in insula Phú Qu ốc sinus Siamici ”) on 23 Jan 1874. Specimens housed at: P [P 04701467, P 04701468, P 04701469] and L [U.1208206].</p><p>We hereby designate the specimen <i>J. B. L. Pierre 3625</i> from Group B at P [P 04701469] as the lectotype, as it is the most complete and best-preserved specimen among the syntypes, in accordance with Art. 9.3 of the ICN (Turland et al. 2018). The remaining specimens from the same gathering at P [P 04701467, P 04701468] and L [U.1208206] are designated as isolectotypes, following Art. 9.12 of the ICN (Turland et al. 2018).</p><p>In the original publication of <i>Garcinia curtisii</i> Ridl. by Ridley (1922), two gatherings were mentioned: <i>C. Curtis 691</i> and <i>240</i>, collected from Penang, near the Waterfall and at Teluk Bahang (“ Telok Bahang ”). The name <i>G. curtisii</i> was lectotypified in a first-step by Whitmore (1973), based on the specimen <i>C. Curtis 691</i>, but he did not indicate the herbarium where the specimen is housed. However, upon examination, we found that specimens under this collection number differ in both locality and collection date and can be separated into three distinct groups:</p><p>Group A: <i>C. Curtis 691</i> from Teluk Bahang, Penang, collected in March 1886. Specimen at: K [K 000939066].</p><p>Group B: <i>C. Curtis 691</i> from Waterfall near Upper Bridge, Penang, collected in March 1890. Specimen at: SING [SING 0069252].</p><p>Group C: <i>C. Curtis 691</i> from Waterfall, Penang, collected in March 1892. Specimens at: K [K 000939065] and SING [SING 0069254, SING 0069255].</p><p>Therefore, we designate the specimen <i>C. Curtis 691</i> from Group C at SING [SING 0069255] as the second-step lectotype, with two sheets of isolectotypes at K [K 000939065] and SING [SING 0069254].</p><p><b>Notes.</b></p><p>According to previous studies (e. g., Pierre 1882, 1883; Vesque 1889, 1893; Pitard 1910; Gagnepain 1943) and based on the specimens we examined, <i>Garcinia delpyana</i> is not morphologically distinguishable from <i>G. oliveri</i> and is therefore treated here as a new synonym of the latter.</p><p>Whitmore (1973) reduced <i>Garcinia curtisii</i> to a variety under <i>G. bancana</i>, as <i>G. bancana</i> Miq. var. <i>curtisii</i> (Ridl.) Whitmore. However, based on previous studies (e. g., Whitmore 1973; Ridley 1922) and our examination of specimens, <i>G. bancana</i> var. <i>curtisii</i> is not morphologically distinguishable from <i>G. oliveri</i> and is therefore treated here as a new synonym of that species.</p><p><i>Garcinia oliveri</i> is similar to <i>G. cowa</i> var. <i>cowa</i> and is distinguished by its leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic and larger, 12–25 × (4 –) 5.5–9 cm; secondary veins 10–15 pairs; and fruits subglobose, globose, broadly ellipsoid, or sometimes broadly obovoid, 3.5–5 × 3–4.5 cm, unlobed or sometimes weakly lobed, with a short, thick beak at the apex. In contrast, <i>G. cowa</i> var. <i>cowa</i> has leaves narrowly elliptic, elliptic, lanceolate, lanceolate-ovate, or ovate and smaller 5–15 × 3–6 cm; secondary veins 6–10 pairs; and fruits subglobose, globose, depressed globose, or broadly ellipsoid, 3–7 × 2.5–5 cm, shallowly or weakly lobed, without or with a short, thick beak at the apex.</p><p>The specimen <i>T. Wongprasert 013-04</i>, collected from Khlong Makok, Ko Chang National Park, Trat Province, on 24 March 2001, is represented at BKF by two sheets under the same collector’s number: BKF 132118, identified as <i>Garcinia oliveri</i>, and BKF 132119, identified as <i>G. merguensis</i> Wight.</p><p>The <i>specimen C. Phengklai et al. 14603</i>, collected from Ko Kut, Trat Province, on 6 April 2002, is represented at BKF by two sheets under the same collector’s number: BKF 142164, identified as <i>Garcinia oliveri</i>, and BKF 143190, identified as <i>G. lanceifolia</i> Roxb. (syn. <i>G. gracilis</i> Pierre).</p><p><b>Additional specimens examined.</b></p><p><b>Thailand. North-Eastern</b>: • Loei [Huai Baeng Forest Protection Station, Phu Luang Wildlife Sanctuary, Wang Saphung District, fr., 11 Jun 2004 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>T. Wongprasert et al. 046-14</i> (BKF); • ibid., fl., 10 Mar 2009 (H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>T. Wongprasert 093-24</i> (BKF); • Buengkan [Wat Chotirot Thammakhon, Buengkan Subdistrict, Buengkan District, fr., 14 Jun 2004 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>T. Wongprasert et al. 046-84</i> (BKF)]; <b>Eastern</b>: • Nakhon Ratchasima [Wang Nam Khiao District, fr., 22 Jan 1968 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>Damrongsak 524</i> (BKF 112733); • Pak Thong Chai District, fl., 28 Feb (year unspecified) (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.; H. Toyama det. as <i>G. oliveri</i>), <i>CH 345</i> (BKF 112735)]; • Ubon Ratchathani [Chong Mek, fl., 16 Feb 1967 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>S. Phusomsaeng 16</i> (BKF, K); • Dong Fa Huan Botanical Garden, Mueang Ubon Ratchathani District, fr., 1 May 2002 (H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>R. Pooma et al. 3318</i> (BKF, QBG, SING [SING 0095615]); • Phu Sa Yak, Buntharik District, fl., 22 Jan 2005 (H. Toyama det. as <i>G. oliveri</i>), <i>P. Puudjaa 1366</i> (BKF); • Phu Chong Na Yoi National Park, Na Chaluai District, fr., 15 Jun 2005 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>K. Wangwasit 050615-49</i> (QBG)]; <b>Central</b>: • Saraburi [Muak Lek District, ♂ fl., 19 Jan 1925 (H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>A. F. G. Kerr 10005</i> (BM, K [K 003964607])]; • Nakhon Nayok [Sarika Waterfall, fr., 14 Aug 1968 (H. Toyama det. as <i>G. cf. delpyana</i>), <i>K. Larsen et al. 3413</i> (AAU, BKF, C, E [E 00839767], K, P); • Wang Ta Khrai, Mueang Nakhon Nayok District, fr., 28 Mar 2000 (H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>T. Wongprasert s. n</i>. (BKF 127948); • Khao Yai National Park, fr., 9 Jun 2000 (H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>C. Niyomdham 6216</i> (BKF); • Khao Yai National Park, Mo Sing To area, ♂ fl., 13 Mar 2002 (as <i>G. benthamii</i>), <i>J. F. Maxwell 02-92</i> (BKF, CMUB); • ibid., fr., 10 Aug 2002 (as <i>G. benthamii</i>), <i>A. Boonkongchart & C. Chongko 140</i> (BKF, CMUB); • ibid., sterile, 7 Jul 2003 (as <i>G. benthamii</i>), <i>J. F. Maxwell & A. Boonkongchart 4</i> (CMUB)]; <b>South-Eastern</b>: • Chanthaburi [Laem Sing District, fl., 23 Nov 1924 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>A. F. G. Kerr 9372</i> (BK)]; • Trat [Khao Saming District, fl., 26 Jan 1927 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>Put 563</i> (BK, K); • Laem Ngop District, fr., 24 Feb 1954 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>K. Bunchuai 13</i> (BKF); • Khlong Son, Ko Chang, fr., 28 Feb 1900 (as <i>G. nigrolineata</i>), <i>J. Schmidt 647 a</i> (C); • Ko Chang, fr., 11 Mar 1970, <i>C. F. van Beusekom & T. Santisuk 3160</i> (AAU, C, E [E 00839768], K, L [L.2409523], P); • Khlong Ma Yom, Ko Chang, fr., 9 May 1974 (as <i>G. speciosa</i> and <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>J. F. Maxwell 74-431</i> (AAU, BK); • Khlong Phlu Waterfall, Ko Chang, fr., 22 Mar 2001 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.; H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>K. Chayamarit et al. 2781</i> (BKF); • ibid., fr., 23 Mar 2001 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.; H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>K. Chayamarit et al. 2819</i> (BKF); • Khlong Makok, Ko Chang National Park, fr., 24 Mar 2001 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.; H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>K. Chayamarit et al. 2925</i> (BKF, SING [SING 0095614]); • Ko Chang, ♂ fl., 7 Mar 2003 (as <i>G. cowa</i>; H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>C. Phengklai et al. 14198</i> (BKF); • Ko Mak, fl., 18 Nov 1966 [as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.; H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>; C. Ngernsaengsaruay det. as <i>G. nigrolineata</i> (C)], <i>B. Hansen & T. Smitinand 12369</i> (BKF, C, K); • Ko Kut, fl., 22 Oct 2000 (as <i>G. cowa</i>; H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>C. Phengklai et al. 13144</i> (BKF); • Ko Kut, fr., 6 Apr 2002 (as <i>G. cf. atroviridis</i>; H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>C. Phengklai et al. 14603</i> (BKF 142164); • Khlong Chao-Ao Phrao, Ko Kut, fr., 7 Apr 2002 (as <i>G. cf. cowa</i>; H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>C. Phengklai et al. 13452</i> (BKF); • Ao Salat, Ko Kut, fr., 9 Apr 2002 (as <i>G. cf. lanessanii</i>), <i>C. Phengklai et al. 13604</i> (BKF); • Ko Kut, fl., 2 Dec 2006 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>C. Phengklai et al. 15432</i> (BKF); <b>Peninsular</b>: • Surat Thani [Big Tree Nature Trail, Khlong Phanom National Park, Phanom District, fl., 23 Oct 2004 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>S. Gardner & P. Sidisunthorn ST 1094</i> (K)]; • Phangnga [Khao Pok Hill, Krasom Subdistrict, Takua Pa District, fl., 2 Dec 1918 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp., <i>G. nigrolineata</i>), <i>Haniff 3920</i> (K, SING); • Khao Lak-Lam Lu National Park, Takua Pa District, fr., 11 Jun 2004 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>S. Gardner & P. Sidisunthorn ST 0716</i> (K); • Ko Yao Yai, Ko Yao District, fr., 30 Apr 2007 (H. Toyama det. as <i>G. cf. delpyana</i>), <i>T. Wongprasert 074-13</i> (BKF)]; • Phuket [Ton Sai Waterfall to Pa Khlok, ♂ fl., 7 Jul 1979 (as <i>G. nigrolineata</i>, H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>C. Niyomdham et al. 229</i> (AAU, BKF, C)]; • Nakhon Si Thammarat [Ka Piat Subdistrict, ♂ fl., 15 Mar 1957 (H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>Snan 1003</i> (BKF); • Tha Phae Waterfall, Chang Klang District, fr., 11 Jul 2000 (H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>V. Chamchumroon VC 841</i> (BKF)]; • Phatthalung [Tamot Waterfall, fr., 9 Aug 1986 (as <i>G. nigrolineata</i>, H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>J. F. Maxwell 86-549</i> (BKF, L [L 2416709, L 2416708], P [P 04701556], PSU); • Khao Pu-Khao Ya National Park, Si Banphot District, fr., 15 Jul 2000 (as <i>G. nigrolineata</i>), <i>D. J. Middleton et al. 47</i> 2 (AAU, K)]; • Trang [Khao Chong, fl., 18 Nov 1965 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.; H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>C. Boonnab 168</i> (BKF)]; • ibid., fl., Dec 1974 (H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>B. Nimanong et al. 1624</i> (BKF, C, K [K 003964608], L [L.2409513], P); • ibid., fr., 12 Aug 1975 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>J. F. Maxwell 75-804</i> (AAU, BK); • ibid., ♂ fl., 1 Feb 1985 (as <i>G. nigrolineata</i>, H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>J. F. Maxwell 85-129</i> (BKF, PSU); • ibid., fl., Feb 2001 (H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>A. Sinbumroong & S. Davies AS 209</i> (BKF); • ibid., fr., Feb 2001 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>A. Sinbumroong & S. Davies AS 226</i> (BKF)]; • Satun [Tarutao National Park, fl., 20 Jan 1928 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp., <i>G. cf. cornea</i>), <i>A. F. G. Kerr 14200</i> (BK, K); • Trail between Talo Wao and Talo Udang, Tarutao National Park, fl., 9 Feb 2005 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>P. Sidisunthorn & P. Tippayasri ST 1472</i> (K); • Ao Son, Tarutao National Park, La-ngu District, fl., 10 Feb 2005 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>P. Sidisunthorn & P. Tippayasri ST 1487</i> (K); • Tarutao National Park, fr., 8 Apr 2008 (as <i>G. cowa</i>; H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>C. Phengklai et al. 15761</i> (BKF)]; • Songkhla [Hat Yai, Kho Hong Hill, fr., 17 Sep 1981 (as <i>G. nigrolineata</i>), <i>P. Sirirugsa 462</i> (PSU); PSU campus, base of Kho Hong Hill, ♂ fl., 21 Mar 1985 (as <i>G. nigrolineata</i>), <i>P. Sirirugsa 1002</i> (AAU, BKF, E [E 00839769], L [L 2416710, L 2416711], PSU); • Khlong Rhang Hill, Na Mom District, ♂ fl., 22 Mar 1985 (as <i>G. nigrolineata</i>), <i>J. F. Maxwell 85-322</i> (AAU, BKF, E [E 00160906], L [L.2416684, L.2416685]; PSU); • Kho Hong Hill, Hat Yai District, fr., 27 July 1985 (as <i>G. nigrolineata</i>, H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>J. F. Maxwell 85-757</i> (AAU, BKF, L [L 2416686], PSU, P [P 04701605]); • Ton Nga Chang Wildlife Sanctuary, Hat Yai District, fl., 20 Mar 2004 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>S. Gardner & P. Sidisunthorn ST 0266</i> (K); • PSU Campus, Kho Hong Hill, Hat Yai District, sterile, 24 Mar 2008 (as <i>G. nigrolineata</i>), <i>N. Boonnak NW- 005</i> (PSU)]; • Narathiwat [Bacho, fl., 15 Jul 1923 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>A. F. G. Kerr 7209</i> (K); • ibid., fl., 15 Jul 1923 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>A. F. G. Kerr 7211</i> (BK, K); • ibid., fl., 18 Apr 1961 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>B. Sangkhachand 67</i> (K); • Ban Yuan Yang, Su-ngai Padi District, ♀ fl., 7 Jun 1987 (as <i>G. bancana</i> var. curtisii), <i>J. F. Maxwell 87-531</i> (PSU); • ibid., ♀ fl., 7 Jun 1987 (as <i>G. bancana</i> var. <i>curtisii</i>), <i>J. F. Maxwell 87-532</i> (BKF, L [L 2409055, L 2409056])].</p>
format Recurso digital
id zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_18407025
institution Zenodo
language
publishDate 2026
publisher Zenodo
record_format zenodo
spellingShingle Garcinia oliveri Pierre
Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai
Chanton, Pichet
Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Clusiaceae
Garcinia
Garcinia oliveri
<p><i>Garcinia oliveri</i> Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1 (4): 28, t. 64. 1882.</p><p>Figs 5, 6</p><p>= <i>Garcinia delpyana</i> Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1 (5): 28, t. 65. 1883; Vesque, Epharmosis 2: 22. t. 125, 126. 1889 et in A. DC. & C. DC., Monogr. Phan. 8: 451. 1893; Engl. in Engl. & Prantl, Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien 3 (6): 237. 1893; Pit. in Lecomte et al., Fl. Indo-Chine 1 (4): 310. 1910; P. H. Hô, Câyco Vietnam 1: 562. fig. 1552. 1991. Type. [Vietnam], Cresit in insula Phú Qu ốc sinus Siamici [Phú Qu ốc Island], 23 Jan 1874, <i>J. B. L. Pierre 3625</i> (lectotype: designated here, P! [P 04701469]; isolectotypes: P! [P 04701467, P 04701468] and L digital image! [U.1208206]), syn. nov.</p><p>= <i>Garcinia curtisii</i> Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 1: 175. 1922.</p><p>= <i>Garcinia bancana</i> Miq. var. <i>curtisii</i> (Ridl.) Whitmore, Gard. Bull. Singapore 26 (2): 276. 1973. Type. Peninsular Malaysia, Penang, from Waterfall, Mar 1892, <i>C. Curtis 691</i> (lectotype: first-step designated by Whitmore (1973), without indication of herbarium and barcode; second-step designated here, SING! [SING 0069255]; isolectotypes: K! [K 000939065], SING! [SING 0069254]), syn. nov.</p><p><b>Type.</b></p><p>[Vietnam], in sylvis densis ad flumen Bé prope pagum Tri Huy ện in Biên Hòa prov. Biên Hòa Gallicae austro Cochinchinae [in dense forests by the Be River near the village of Tri Huyen in Bien Hoa Province of southern Cochinchina], Apr 1873, <i>J. B. L. Pierre 1373</i> (lectotype: designated here, P! [P 04701853]; isolectotypes: BM digital image! [BM 001191361], K! [K 000677695], L digital images! [L 2417119], P! [P 04701837, P 04701842, P 04701852]).</p><p><b>Description.</b></p><p>Evergreen trees, dioecious, 5–20 (– 25) m tall, 30–130 cm GBH; exudate pale yellow and sticky; branches decussate, horizontal, or nearly horizontal; branchlets green, 4 - angular, glabrous. <i>Bark</i> brown or dark brown, scaly; inner bark pinkish pale yellow. <i>Terminal bud</i> concealed between the bases of the uppermost pair of petioles. <i>Leaves</i> decussate; lamina elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 12–25 × (4 –) 5.5–9 cm, apex acute or acuminate, base cuneate, margin entire or repand, subcoriaceous, dark green above, paler below, glabrous and glossy on both surfaces, midrib slightly raised (proximal part) and flattened (distal part) above, raised below, secondary veins 10–15 pairs, curving towards the margin and connected in distinct loops and united into an intramarginal vein, flattened above, slightly raised below, with intersecondary veins, veinlets reticulate, visible above, interrupted long wavy lines present, of differing lengths, running across the secondary veins to the apex; petiole green, sometimes with the uppermost pair red or greenish red, turning green with age, 1.5–2.5 cm long, 0.3–1 cm diam., slightly raised above, glabrous, with a basal appendage clasping the branchlet; fresh leaves brittle when crushed; young leaves red or brownish red, turning pale green, glossy. <i>Inflorescences</i> terminal or borne on short, leafless lateral branchlets, in fascicles of 3–9 - flowered cymes (staminate inflorescence usually bearing more flowers than pistillate ones), or sometimes a solitary flower (in pistillates); bracts early caducous. <i>Flowers</i> unisexual, 4 - merous; pedicel greenish yellow to yellow, glabrous; bracteoles early caducous; sepals and petals decussate, glabrous, slightly thick, and fleshy; sepals yellow to orangish yellow, concave; petals pale yellow to yellow, not concave. <i>Flower buds</i> pale green, becoming greenish yellow, yellow to orangish yellow before anthesis, subglobose or globose, 3–6 mm diam. <i>Staminate flowers</i> 1–1.2 cm diam.; pedicel 4–7 mm long, 1.5–3.5 mm diam.; sepals 4, broadly elliptic or suborbicular, 5–8 × 4.5–8 mm, the outer pair slightly larger than the inner pair, apex rounded; petals 4, broadly oblong, broadly elliptic, or elliptic, 0.9–1.3 × 0.7–1.3 cm, subequal, apex rounded; stamens numerous, united into a single central 4 - sided or weakly 4 - lobed bundle surrounding a pistillode or without a pistillode, bundle 5–7 mm diam; filaments very short; anthers small, 4 - thecous, longitudinally dehiscent; pistillode fungiform, 2–3.5 mm long. <i>Pistillate flowers</i> 0.8–1.3 cm diam.; pedicel 3–4.5 mm long, 2.5–4 mm diam.; sepals and petals same as in staminate flowers; staminodes 5–11, united into 4 bundles, surrounding the ovary; pistil fungiform, 4–6 mm long; ovary pale green, subglobose or globose, 5–7 × 5–7.5 mm; stigma pale yellow, convex, radiate, shallowly 6–10 - lobed, 4–5.5 mm diam., papillate. <i>Fruits</i> berries, green, turning yellow or orangish yellow when ripe, glabrous, cut fruits with a sticky yellow exudate, variable in shape, subglobose, globose, broadly ellipsoid, or sometimes broadly obovoid, 3.5–5 × 3–4.5 cm, sometimes oblique, asymmetrical, unlobed, sometimes weakly 6–10 - lobed, with a short, thick beak at the apex, pericarp fleshy, 2–4 mm thick; persistent stigma dark brown or brown, 5–6 mm diam., weakly 6–10 - lobed, papillate; persistent sepals slightly larger than in flowering material; fruiting stalk short and thick, 3–6.5 mm long, 3–6 mm diam. <i>Seeds</i> 6–10, sometimes aborted (1–5), dark brown mottled with paler irregular lines, semi-ellipsoid, 1.4–2.7 × 0.9–1.3 cm, rounded at both ends, with a yellow to orangish yellow fleshy pulp.</p><p><b>Distribution.</b></p><p>Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, and Peninsular Malaysia (Penang, Kelantan, Kepong) (Fig. 4 B).</p><p><b>Distribution in Thailand.</b></p><p><b>North-Eastern</b>: Loei, Buengkan; <b>Eastern</b>: Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon Ratchathani; <b>Central</b>: Saraburi, Nakhon Nayok; <b>South-Eastern</b>: Chanthaburi, Trat; <b>Peninsular</b>: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Phuket, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung, Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Narathiwat (Fig. 4 B).</p><p><b>Habitat and ecology.</b></p><p>It is found in dry evergreen forests, tropical lowland evergreen rain forests, peat swamp forests, and secondary forests, occasionally occurring along streams at elevations ranging from near sea level to 800 m a. m. s. l.</p><p><b>Phenology.</b></p><p>Flowering and fruiting occur more than once, nearly throughout the year; flowering peaks from December to April, and fruiting peaks from April to August.</p><p><b>Conservation status.</b></p><p><i>Garcinia oliveri</i> is widely distributed from Indo-China to Peninsular Malaysia. It is known from many localities and has a large EOO of 1,086,628.84 km 2 and an AOO of 196 km 2. In Thailand, this species has an EOO of 798,570.92 km 2 and an AOO of 128 km 2. Because of its wide distribution, the number of localities, and the absence of any apparent imminent threats to the plants or their habitats, we assess its conservation status here as LC, in agreement with de Kok (2024 a).</p><p><b>Etymology.</b></p><p>The specific epithet of <i>Garcinia oliveri</i> honors the British botanist Daniel Oliver (1830–1916), who served as assistant at the Kew Herbarium (1858–1864), later as its keeper (1860–1890), and was also a professor of botany at University College, London (1861–1888) (Stafleu and Cowan 1981). He contributed significantly to tropical botany.</p><p><b>Vernacular names.</b></p><p><b>Cha muang bai yai</b> (ชะมวงใบใหญ ่) (suggested here); Cha muang chang (ชะมวงช ้ าง) (Trat, from the specimen <i>K. Bunchuai 13</i>); Muang (มวง) (Satun, from the specimen <i>A. F. G. Kerr 14200</i>); Som mong (ส ้ มโมง) (Saraburi, from the specimen <i>A. F. G. Kerr 10005</i>); U mong (อ ุ โมง) (Trat, from the specimen <i>Put 563</i>).</p><p><b>Uses.</b></p><p>It can be utilized in a similar way to <i>Garcinia cowa</i> var. <i>cowa</i>.</p><p><b>Lectotypifications.</b></p><p><i>Garcinia oliveri</i> was described by Pierre (1882) based on seven gatherings: <i>Herb. Pierre 2</i>, <i>7720</i>, <i>1373</i>, <i>3624</i>, <i>3626</i>, and <i>3628</i>, collected from various parts of Lower Cochinchina and Cambodia (“ Habite toutes les parties de la Basse-Cochinchine et du Cambodge ”), and <i>Harmand 190</i>, collected from Southern Laos (“ le Laos méridional ”). Pierre did not indicate a type, nor did he indicate the herbaria in which the specimens were deposited. Following Art. 9.6 of the ICN (Turland et al. 2018), all these specimens are therefore considered syntypes. However, detailed examination revealed that specimens <i>J. B. L. Pierre 2</i>, <i>1373</i>, and <i>3628</i> differ in both their localities and dates of collection, but we did not find specimen <i>J. B. L. Pierre 3624</i>.</p><p>The specimen <i>J. B. L. Pierre 2</i> can be separated into four distinct groups:</p><p>Group A: Collected from the Deon Ba Mountains in Tây Ninh Province, southern Cochinchina (“ Crescit montibus Deon Ba, prov. Tây Ninh austro Cochinchinae ”) on 15 April 1866. Specimen housed at: P [P 04701526].</p><p>Group B: Collected from the Dinh Mountains in Baria Province, southern Cochinchina (“ Crescit in montibus Dinh in prov. Baria Gallicae austro Cochinchinae ”) in June 1866. Specimens housed at: P [P 04701527, P 04701529, P 0470153].</p><p>Group C: Collected from the Dinh Mountains (Mu xoai) in Baria Province, southern Cochinchina (“ Oritur in montibus Dinh (Mú xoài) in prov. Baria Gallicae austro Cochinchinae ”) in September 1866. Specimen housed at: P [P 04701528].</p><p>Group D: Collected from the Dinh Mountains (Mu xoai) in Baria Province, southern Cochinchina (“ Oritur in montibus Dinh (Mú xoài) in prov. Baria Gallicae austro Cochinchinae ”) on 14 March 1867. Specimens housed at: K [K 000677694], P [P 04701862, P 04701865, P 04701866], and U [U 1199443].</p><p>Upon examination, the specimens cited as number “ <i>7720</i> ” in the original description correspond in all respects to the specimen labelled “ <i>772</i>, ” and no distinct gathering corresponding to “ <i>7720</i> ” was located. We therefore interpret the citation of “ <i>Herb. Pierre 7720</i> ” in the protologue as a transcription error and correct it to “ <i>J. B. L. Pierre 772</i>. ” The specimen <i>J. B. L. Pierre 772</i>, collected from the Schnal Mountains (“ in montibus Schnal ”), Cambodia, in May 1870, is housed at: K [without barcode].</p><p>The specimen <i>J. B. L. Pierre 1373</i> can be separated into three distinct groups:</p><p>Group A: Collected from the Dinh Mountains (Mu xoai) in Baria Province, southern Cochinchina (“ Oritur in montibus Dinh (Mú xoài) in prov. Baria Gallicae austro Cochinchinae ”) on 14 March 1867. Specimens housed at: BM [BM 001191363], K [without barcode], L [L 2417118], and P [P 04701849].</p><p>Group B: Collected in dense forests by the Be River near the village of Tri Huyen in Bien Hoa Province of southern Cochinchina (“ in sylvis densis ad flumen Bé prope pagum Tri Huy ện in Biên Hòa prov. Biên Hòa Gallicae austro Cochinchinae ”) in April 1873. Specimens housed at: BM [BM 001191361], K [K 000677695], L [L 2417119], and P [P 04701837, P 04701842, P 04701852, P 04701853].</p><p>Group C: Collected near the village of Giang Dong on Phu Quoc Island (“ ad pagum Giang Đông in insula Phú Qu ốc sinus Siamici ”) in December 1874. Specimens housed at: BM [BM 001191364], K [without barcode], L [L 0700336], and P [P 04701850].</p><p>The specimen <i>J. B. L. Pierre 3626</i> collected from the village of Giang Dong on Phu Quoc Island (“ crescit ad pagum Giang Đông in insula Phú Qu ốc sinus Siamici ”) in December 1874, is housed at: BM [BM 001191362], CAL [CAL 0000005848], P [P 04701844, P 04701845, P 04701847], and U [U 1199444].</p><p>The specimen <i>J. B. L. Pierre 3628</i> can be separated into two distinct groups:</p><p>Group A: Collected from the Dinh Mountains in Baria Province, southern Cochinchina (“ Crescit in montibus Dinh in provincia Baria austro Cochinchinae ”) in June 1866. Specimen housed at: P [P 04701851].</p><p>Group B: Collected from the Dinh Mountains near Baria, southern Cochinchina (“ Crescit in montibus Dinh juxta Baria Gallicae austro Cochinchinae ”) April 1867. Specimen housed at: P [P 04701846].</p><p>The specimen <i>F. J. Harmand 190</i> collected from Selamphao, Sè-Moun Basin, Southern Laos [“ Selamphao, Bassin du Sè-Moun (Laos méridional) ”] in Jan 1876 is housed at: P [P 04701858, P 04701859].</p><p>The specimens cited under <i>J. B. L. Pierre 1373</i> represent three distinct gatherings differing in locality and collection date. When multiple gatherings are involved, the choice of a lectotype must be justified by reference to the morphological characters given in the protologue. Among the syntypes, the specimen of Group B at P [P 04701853] is the most complete and best preserved and shows the closest correspondence to the morphology described in the protologue. We therefore designate <i>J. B. L. Pierre 1373</i> (Group B) at P [P 04701853] as the lectotype, following Art. 9.3 of the ICN (Turland et al. 2018). The remaining duplicates of the same gathering at BM [BM 001191361], K [K 000677695], L [L 2417119], and P [P 04701837, P 04701842, P 04701852] are designated as isolectotypes, following Art. 9.12 of the ICN (Turland et al. 2018)</p><p><i>Garcinia delpyana</i> was described by Pierre (1883) based on three gatherings: <i>Herb. Pierre 2002</i>, <i>3624</i>, and <i>3635</i>, collected along the coast of Pile Phu-Quoc and in Kampot Province (“ Cette espèce est commune sur le littoral de Pile Phu-Quoc et dans la province de Kamput ”). Pierre did not indicate a type, nor did he specify the herbaria in which the specimens were deposited. Following Art. 9.6 of the ICN (Turland et al. 2018), all of these specimens are therefore considered syntypes.</p><p>The specimen <i>J. B. L. Pierre 2002</i>, collected from Phu Quoc (“ Phú Qu ốc sinus Siamici ”) in March 1877, is housed at: P [P 04701474].</p><p>The specimen <i>J. B. L. Pierre 3624</i>, collected from the Cám Chay Mountains in Kampot Province (“ Cresit in montibus Cám Chay in prov. Kamput ”) in April 1874, is housed at: P [P 04701472, P 04701473].</p><p>Upon examination, the specimens cited as number “ <i>3635</i> ” in the original description correspond in all respects to the specimen labelled “ <i>3625</i>, ” and no distinct gathering corresponding to “ <i>3635</i> ” was located. We therefore interpret the citation of “ <i>Herb. Pierre 3635</i> ” in the protologue as a transcription error and correct it to “ <i>J. B. L. Pierre 3625</i>. ” Specimens under the collection number <i>3625</i> differ in their dates of collection and can be separated into two distinct groups:</p><p>Group A: Collected from Giang Dong on Phú Qu ốc Island (“ ad Giang Dong in insula Phú Qu ốc sinus Siamici ”) on 18 January 1874. Specimens housed at: P [P 04701470, P 04701471].</p><p>Group B: Collected from Phú Qu ốc Island (“ Cresit in insula Phú Qu ốc sinus Siamici ”) on 23 Jan 1874. Specimens housed at: P [P 04701467, P 04701468, P 04701469] and L [U.1208206].</p><p>We hereby designate the specimen <i>J. B. L. Pierre 3625</i> from Group B at P [P 04701469] as the lectotype, as it is the most complete and best-preserved specimen among the syntypes, in accordance with Art. 9.3 of the ICN (Turland et al. 2018). The remaining specimens from the same gathering at P [P 04701467, P 04701468] and L [U.1208206] are designated as isolectotypes, following Art. 9.12 of the ICN (Turland et al. 2018).</p><p>In the original publication of <i>Garcinia curtisii</i> Ridl. by Ridley (1922), two gatherings were mentioned: <i>C. Curtis 691</i> and <i>240</i>, collected from Penang, near the Waterfall and at Teluk Bahang (“ Telok Bahang ”). The name <i>G. curtisii</i> was lectotypified in a first-step by Whitmore (1973), based on the specimen <i>C. Curtis 691</i>, but he did not indicate the herbarium where the specimen is housed. However, upon examination, we found that specimens under this collection number differ in both locality and collection date and can be separated into three distinct groups:</p><p>Group A: <i>C. Curtis 691</i> from Teluk Bahang, Penang, collected in March 1886. Specimen at: K [K 000939066].</p><p>Group B: <i>C. Curtis 691</i> from Waterfall near Upper Bridge, Penang, collected in March 1890. Specimen at: SING [SING 0069252].</p><p>Group C: <i>C. Curtis 691</i> from Waterfall, Penang, collected in March 1892. Specimens at: K [K 000939065] and SING [SING 0069254, SING 0069255].</p><p>Therefore, we designate the specimen <i>C. Curtis 691</i> from Group C at SING [SING 0069255] as the second-step lectotype, with two sheets of isolectotypes at K [K 000939065] and SING [SING 0069254].</p><p><b>Notes.</b></p><p>According to previous studies (e. g., Pierre 1882, 1883; Vesque 1889, 1893; Pitard 1910; Gagnepain 1943) and based on the specimens we examined, <i>Garcinia delpyana</i> is not morphologically distinguishable from <i>G. oliveri</i> and is therefore treated here as a new synonym of the latter.</p><p>Whitmore (1973) reduced <i>Garcinia curtisii</i> to a variety under <i>G. bancana</i>, as <i>G. bancana</i> Miq. var. <i>curtisii</i> (Ridl.) Whitmore. However, based on previous studies (e. g., Whitmore 1973; Ridley 1922) and our examination of specimens, <i>G. bancana</i> var. <i>curtisii</i> is not morphologically distinguishable from <i>G. oliveri</i> and is therefore treated here as a new synonym of that species.</p><p><i>Garcinia oliveri</i> is similar to <i>G. cowa</i> var. <i>cowa</i> and is distinguished by its leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic and larger, 12–25 × (4 –) 5.5–9 cm; secondary veins 10–15 pairs; and fruits subglobose, globose, broadly ellipsoid, or sometimes broadly obovoid, 3.5–5 × 3–4.5 cm, unlobed or sometimes weakly lobed, with a short, thick beak at the apex. In contrast, <i>G. cowa</i> var. <i>cowa</i> has leaves narrowly elliptic, elliptic, lanceolate, lanceolate-ovate, or ovate and smaller 5–15 × 3–6 cm; secondary veins 6–10 pairs; and fruits subglobose, globose, depressed globose, or broadly ellipsoid, 3–7 × 2.5–5 cm, shallowly or weakly lobed, without or with a short, thick beak at the apex.</p><p>The specimen <i>T. Wongprasert 013-04</i>, collected from Khlong Makok, Ko Chang National Park, Trat Province, on 24 March 2001, is represented at BKF by two sheets under the same collector’s number: BKF 132118, identified as <i>Garcinia oliveri</i>, and BKF 132119, identified as <i>G. merguensis</i> Wight.</p><p>The <i>specimen C. Phengklai et al. 14603</i>, collected from Ko Kut, Trat Province, on 6 April 2002, is represented at BKF by two sheets under the same collector’s number: BKF 142164, identified as <i>Garcinia oliveri</i>, and BKF 143190, identified as <i>G. lanceifolia</i> Roxb. (syn. <i>G. gracilis</i> Pierre).</p><p><b>Additional specimens examined.</b></p><p><b>Thailand. North-Eastern</b>: • Loei [Huai Baeng Forest Protection Station, Phu Luang Wildlife Sanctuary, Wang Saphung District, fr., 11 Jun 2004 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>T. Wongprasert et al. 046-14</i> (BKF); • ibid., fl., 10 Mar 2009 (H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>T. Wongprasert 093-24</i> (BKF); • Buengkan [Wat Chotirot Thammakhon, Buengkan Subdistrict, Buengkan District, fr., 14 Jun 2004 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>T. Wongprasert et al. 046-84</i> (BKF)]; <b>Eastern</b>: • Nakhon Ratchasima [Wang Nam Khiao District, fr., 22 Jan 1968 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>Damrongsak 524</i> (BKF 112733); • Pak Thong Chai District, fl., 28 Feb (year unspecified) (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.; H. Toyama det. as <i>G. oliveri</i>), <i>CH 345</i> (BKF 112735)]; • Ubon Ratchathani [Chong Mek, fl., 16 Feb 1967 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>S. Phusomsaeng 16</i> (BKF, K); • Dong Fa Huan Botanical Garden, Mueang Ubon Ratchathani District, fr., 1 May 2002 (H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>R. Pooma et al. 3318</i> (BKF, QBG, SING [SING 0095615]); • Phu Sa Yak, Buntharik District, fl., 22 Jan 2005 (H. Toyama det. as <i>G. oliveri</i>), <i>P. Puudjaa 1366</i> (BKF); • Phu Chong Na Yoi National Park, Na Chaluai District, fr., 15 Jun 2005 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>K. Wangwasit 050615-49</i> (QBG)]; <b>Central</b>: • Saraburi [Muak Lek District, ♂ fl., 19 Jan 1925 (H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>A. F. G. Kerr 10005</i> (BM, K [K 003964607])]; • Nakhon Nayok [Sarika Waterfall, fr., 14 Aug 1968 (H. Toyama det. as <i>G. cf. delpyana</i>), <i>K. Larsen et al. 3413</i> (AAU, BKF, C, E [E 00839767], K, P); • Wang Ta Khrai, Mueang Nakhon Nayok District, fr., 28 Mar 2000 (H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>T. Wongprasert s. n</i>. (BKF 127948); • Khao Yai National Park, fr., 9 Jun 2000 (H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>C. Niyomdham 6216</i> (BKF); • Khao Yai National Park, Mo Sing To area, ♂ fl., 13 Mar 2002 (as <i>G. benthamii</i>), <i>J. F. Maxwell 02-92</i> (BKF, CMUB); • ibid., fr., 10 Aug 2002 (as <i>G. benthamii</i>), <i>A. Boonkongchart & C. Chongko 140</i> (BKF, CMUB); • ibid., sterile, 7 Jul 2003 (as <i>G. benthamii</i>), <i>J. F. Maxwell & A. Boonkongchart 4</i> (CMUB)]; <b>South-Eastern</b>: • Chanthaburi [Laem Sing District, fl., 23 Nov 1924 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>A. F. G. Kerr 9372</i> (BK)]; • Trat [Khao Saming District, fl., 26 Jan 1927 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>Put 563</i> (BK, K); • Laem Ngop District, fr., 24 Feb 1954 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>K. Bunchuai 13</i> (BKF); • Khlong Son, Ko Chang, fr., 28 Feb 1900 (as <i>G. nigrolineata</i>), <i>J. Schmidt 647 a</i> (C); • Ko Chang, fr., 11 Mar 1970, <i>C. F. van Beusekom & T. Santisuk 3160</i> (AAU, C, E [E 00839768], K, L [L.2409523], P); • Khlong Ma Yom, Ko Chang, fr., 9 May 1974 (as <i>G. speciosa</i> and <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>J. F. Maxwell 74-431</i> (AAU, BK); • Khlong Phlu Waterfall, Ko Chang, fr., 22 Mar 2001 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.; H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>K. Chayamarit et al. 2781</i> (BKF); • ibid., fr., 23 Mar 2001 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.; H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>K. Chayamarit et al. 2819</i> (BKF); • Khlong Makok, Ko Chang National Park, fr., 24 Mar 2001 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.; H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>K. Chayamarit et al. 2925</i> (BKF, SING [SING 0095614]); • Ko Chang, ♂ fl., 7 Mar 2003 (as <i>G. cowa</i>; H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>C. Phengklai et al. 14198</i> (BKF); • Ko Mak, fl., 18 Nov 1966 [as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.; H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>; C. Ngernsaengsaruay det. as <i>G. nigrolineata</i> (C)], <i>B. Hansen & T. Smitinand 12369</i> (BKF, C, K); • Ko Kut, fl., 22 Oct 2000 (as <i>G. cowa</i>; H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>C. Phengklai et al. 13144</i> (BKF); • Ko Kut, fr., 6 Apr 2002 (as <i>G. cf. atroviridis</i>; H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>C. Phengklai et al. 14603</i> (BKF 142164); • Khlong Chao-Ao Phrao, Ko Kut, fr., 7 Apr 2002 (as <i>G. cf. cowa</i>; H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>C. Phengklai et al. 13452</i> (BKF); • Ao Salat, Ko Kut, fr., 9 Apr 2002 (as <i>G. cf. lanessanii</i>), <i>C. Phengklai et al. 13604</i> (BKF); • Ko Kut, fl., 2 Dec 2006 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>C. Phengklai et al. 15432</i> (BKF); <b>Peninsular</b>: • Surat Thani [Big Tree Nature Trail, Khlong Phanom National Park, Phanom District, fl., 23 Oct 2004 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>S. Gardner & P. Sidisunthorn ST 1094</i> (K)]; • Phangnga [Khao Pok Hill, Krasom Subdistrict, Takua Pa District, fl., 2 Dec 1918 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp., <i>G. nigrolineata</i>), <i>Haniff 3920</i> (K, SING); • Khao Lak-Lam Lu National Park, Takua Pa District, fr., 11 Jun 2004 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>S. Gardner & P. Sidisunthorn ST 0716</i> (K); • Ko Yao Yai, Ko Yao District, fr., 30 Apr 2007 (H. Toyama det. as <i>G. cf. delpyana</i>), <i>T. Wongprasert 074-13</i> (BKF)]; • Phuket [Ton Sai Waterfall to Pa Khlok, ♂ fl., 7 Jul 1979 (as <i>G. nigrolineata</i>, H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>C. Niyomdham et al. 229</i> (AAU, BKF, C)]; • Nakhon Si Thammarat [Ka Piat Subdistrict, ♂ fl., 15 Mar 1957 (H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>Snan 1003</i> (BKF); • Tha Phae Waterfall, Chang Klang District, fr., 11 Jul 2000 (H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>V. Chamchumroon VC 841</i> (BKF)]; • Phatthalung [Tamot Waterfall, fr., 9 Aug 1986 (as <i>G. nigrolineata</i>, H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>J. F. Maxwell 86-549</i> (BKF, L [L 2416709, L 2416708], P [P 04701556], PSU); • Khao Pu-Khao Ya National Park, Si Banphot District, fr., 15 Jul 2000 (as <i>G. nigrolineata</i>), <i>D. J. Middleton et al. 47</i> 2 (AAU, K)]; • Trang [Khao Chong, fl., 18 Nov 1965 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.; H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>C. Boonnab 168</i> (BKF)]; • ibid., fl., Dec 1974 (H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>B. Nimanong et al. 1624</i> (BKF, C, K [K 003964608], L [L.2409513], P); • ibid., fr., 12 Aug 1975 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>J. F. Maxwell 75-804</i> (AAU, BK); • ibid., ♂ fl., 1 Feb 1985 (as <i>G. nigrolineata</i>, H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>J. F. Maxwell 85-129</i> (BKF, PSU); • ibid., fl., Feb 2001 (H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>A. Sinbumroong & S. Davies AS 209</i> (BKF); • ibid., fr., Feb 2001 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>A. Sinbumroong & S. Davies AS 226</i> (BKF)]; • Satun [Tarutao National Park, fl., 20 Jan 1928 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp., <i>G. cf. cornea</i>), <i>A. F. G. Kerr 14200</i> (BK, K); • Trail between Talo Wao and Talo Udang, Tarutao National Park, fl., 9 Feb 2005 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>P. Sidisunthorn & P. Tippayasri ST 1472</i> (K); • Ao Son, Tarutao National Park, La-ngu District, fl., 10 Feb 2005 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>P. Sidisunthorn & P. Tippayasri ST 1487</i> (K); • Tarutao National Park, fr., 8 Apr 2008 (as <i>G. cowa</i>; H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>C. Phengklai et al. 15761</i> (BKF)]; • Songkhla [Hat Yai, Kho Hong Hill, fr., 17 Sep 1981 (as <i>G. nigrolineata</i>), <i>P. Sirirugsa 462</i> (PSU); PSU campus, base of Kho Hong Hill, ♂ fl., 21 Mar 1985 (as <i>G. nigrolineata</i>), <i>P. Sirirugsa 1002</i> (AAU, BKF, E [E 00839769], L [L 2416710, L 2416711], PSU); • Khlong Rhang Hill, Na Mom District, ♂ fl., 22 Mar 1985 (as <i>G. nigrolineata</i>), <i>J. F. Maxwell 85-322</i> (AAU, BKF, E [E 00160906], L [L.2416684, L.2416685]; PSU); • Kho Hong Hill, Hat Yai District, fr., 27 July 1985 (as <i>G. nigrolineata</i>, H. Toyama det. as <i>G. delpyana</i>), <i>J. F. Maxwell 85-757</i> (AAU, BKF, L [L 2416686], PSU, P [P 04701605]); • Ton Nga Chang Wildlife Sanctuary, Hat Yai District, fl., 20 Mar 2004 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>S. Gardner & P. Sidisunthorn ST 0266</i> (K); • PSU Campus, Kho Hong Hill, Hat Yai District, sterile, 24 Mar 2008 (as <i>G. nigrolineata</i>), <i>N. Boonnak NW- 005</i> (PSU)]; • Narathiwat [Bacho, fl., 15 Jul 1923 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>A. F. G. Kerr 7209</i> (K); • ibid., fl., 15 Jul 1923 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>A. F. G. Kerr 7211</i> (BK, K); • ibid., fl., 18 Apr 1961 (as <i>Garcinia</i> sp.), <i>B. Sangkhachand 67</i> (K); • Ban Yuan Yang, Su-ngai Padi District, ♀ fl., 7 Jun 1987 (as <i>G. bancana</i> var. curtisii), <i>J. F. Maxwell 87-531</i> (PSU); • ibid., ♀ fl., 7 Jun 1987 (as <i>G. bancana</i> var. <i>curtisii</i>), <i>J. F. Maxwell 87-532</i> (BKF, L [L 2409055, L 2409056])].</p>
title Garcinia oliveri Pierre
topic Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Clusiaceae
Garcinia
Garcinia oliveri
url https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18407025

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