| _version_ | 1866901269180841984 |
|---|---|
| author | Mirande, Juan Marcos Jerep, Fernando Camargo Vanegas-Ríos, James Anyelo |
| author_facet | Mirande, Juan Marcos Jerep, Fernando Camargo Vanegas-Ríos, James Anyelo |
| contents | <p><b><b>Node 232:</b> <i>Acrobrycon</i>, <i>Argopleura</i>, <i>Diapoma</i>, <i>Mimagoniates</i>, <i>Piabarchus</i>, <i>Pseudocorynopoma</i>, and <i>Cyanocharax obi</i> (54/9).</b></p><p>As mentioned before, the Glandulocaudinae <i>sensu</i> Weitzman & Menezes (1998) are included in a clade with <i>Cyanocharax obi</i> and <i>Piabarchus analis</i> according to our results. The presence of insemination in the latter two species is unknown. The sister group of the Glandulocaudinae of Weitzman & Menezes (1998) is different in relation to previous hypotheses. In the molecular study of Calcagnotto <i>et al.</i> (2005) a clade formed by <i>Gephyrocharax</i> and <i>Mimagoniates</i> was proposed as the sister group of the remaining Stevardiinae (as treated herein). Javonillo <i>et al.</i> (2010) obtained <i>Mimagoniates</i> as the sister group of the remaining Stevardiinae (as treated herein), among which the Glandulocaudinae (<i>sensu</i> Weitzman & Menezes, 1998) are not monophyletic, with a clade composed of <i>Corynopoma</i> and <i>Gephyrocharax</i> as the sister group of the remaining stevardiins (excluding <i>Mimagoniates</i>). According to Javonillo <i>et al.</i> (2010), <i>Diapoma</i> is included in <i>Cyanocharax</i>, whereas <i>Pseudocorynopoma</i> is the sister group of <i>Bryconamericus stramineus</i> Eigenmann (in their analysis by parsimony), making the Glandulocaudinae (<i>sensu</i> Weitzman & Menezes, 1998) polyphyletic. The Glandulocaudinae of Weitzman & Menezes (1998) is also not monophyletic according to Oliveira <i>et al.</i> (2011), in which <i>Tyttocharax</i> and <i>Xenurobrycon</i> form the sister clade of a large group of species composed of almost all the remaining stevardiins (as treated herein). In the phylogeny presented by Mirande (2010), the Glandulocaudinae of Weitzman & Menezes (1998) is the sister group of <i>Bryconamericus mennii</i>, which in the present hypothesis is included in the Node 237 (see above). This node includes <i>Mimagoniates rheocharis</i>, the single analyzed Glandulocaudinae <i>sensu</i> Menezes & Weitzman (2009) as sister group of the Stevardiinae, as defined by them. This contrast with the results by Mirande (2009, 2010) in which <i>Mimagoniates</i> was obtained to be the sister group of <i>Pseudocorynopoma</i>, resulting in a paraphyletic Stevardiinae <i>sensu</i> Menezes & Weitzman (2009).As in the hypotheses by Mirande (2009, 2010), the Glandulocaudinae and Stevardiinae of Menezes & Weitzman (2009) are deeply nested in a more inclusive clade, which was used to support the redefinition of the Stevardiinae by Mirande (2009).</p><p><b>List of synapomorphies:</b></p><p><b>1. Number of branched pelvic-fin rays (258):</b> (1> 0) six or less. Convergent in <i>Carlastyanax aurocaudatus</i>, <i>Cyanocharax alburnus</i>, and <i>Knodus pectinatus</i>.</p><p><b>2. Anal-fin origin (284):</b> (0> 1) anterior, ventral to dorsal fin.</p><p><b>3. Number of branched anal-fin rays (288):</b> (0> 1) 25 or more.</p><p><b>4. Gill-derived gland on males (352):</b> (1> 0) absent. Reversion of a synapomorphy of node 213, composed of the Aphyocharacinae, Aphyoditeinae, Cheirodontinae, and Stevardiinae. Convergent in <i>Bryconamericus</i> cf. <i>rubropictus</i>, <i>B. rubropictus</i>, and <i>Nantis indefessus</i>.</p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_18430425 |
| institution | Zenodo |
| language | |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
| record_format | zenodo |
| spellingShingle | Acrobrycon Eigenmann & Pearson Mirande, Juan Marcos Jerep, Fernando Camargo Vanegas-Ríos, James Anyelo Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Chordata Characiformes Characidae Acrobrycon <p><b><b>Node 232:</b> <i>Acrobrycon</i>, <i>Argopleura</i>, <i>Diapoma</i>, <i>Mimagoniates</i>, <i>Piabarchus</i>, <i>Pseudocorynopoma</i>, and <i>Cyanocharax obi</i> (54/9).</b></p><p>As mentioned before, the Glandulocaudinae <i>sensu</i> Weitzman & Menezes (1998) are included in a clade with <i>Cyanocharax obi</i> and <i>Piabarchus analis</i> according to our results. The presence of insemination in the latter two species is unknown. The sister group of the Glandulocaudinae of Weitzman & Menezes (1998) is different in relation to previous hypotheses. In the molecular study of Calcagnotto <i>et al.</i> (2005) a clade formed by <i>Gephyrocharax</i> and <i>Mimagoniates</i> was proposed as the sister group of the remaining Stevardiinae (as treated herein). Javonillo <i>et al.</i> (2010) obtained <i>Mimagoniates</i> as the sister group of the remaining Stevardiinae (as treated herein), among which the Glandulocaudinae (<i>sensu</i> Weitzman & Menezes, 1998) are not monophyletic, with a clade composed of <i>Corynopoma</i> and <i>Gephyrocharax</i> as the sister group of the remaining stevardiins (excluding <i>Mimagoniates</i>). According to Javonillo <i>et al.</i> (2010), <i>Diapoma</i> is included in <i>Cyanocharax</i>, whereas <i>Pseudocorynopoma</i> is the sister group of <i>Bryconamericus stramineus</i> Eigenmann (in their analysis by parsimony), making the Glandulocaudinae (<i>sensu</i> Weitzman & Menezes, 1998) polyphyletic. The Glandulocaudinae of Weitzman & Menezes (1998) is also not monophyletic according to Oliveira <i>et al.</i> (2011), in which <i>Tyttocharax</i> and <i>Xenurobrycon</i> form the sister clade of a large group of species composed of almost all the remaining stevardiins (as treated herein). In the phylogeny presented by Mirande (2010), the Glandulocaudinae of Weitzman & Menezes (1998) is the sister group of <i>Bryconamericus mennii</i>, which in the present hypothesis is included in the Node 237 (see above). This node includes <i>Mimagoniates rheocharis</i>, the single analyzed Glandulocaudinae <i>sensu</i> Menezes & Weitzman (2009) as sister group of the Stevardiinae, as defined by them. This contrast with the results by Mirande (2009, 2010) in which <i>Mimagoniates</i> was obtained to be the sister group of <i>Pseudocorynopoma</i>, resulting in a paraphyletic Stevardiinae <i>sensu</i> Menezes & Weitzman (2009).As in the hypotheses by Mirande (2009, 2010), the Glandulocaudinae and Stevardiinae of Menezes & Weitzman (2009) are deeply nested in a more inclusive clade, which was used to support the redefinition of the Stevardiinae by Mirande (2009).</p><p><b>List of synapomorphies:</b></p><p><b>1. Number of branched pelvic-fin rays (258):</b> (1> 0) six or less. Convergent in <i>Carlastyanax aurocaudatus</i>, <i>Cyanocharax alburnus</i>, and <i>Knodus pectinatus</i>.</p><p><b>2. Anal-fin origin (284):</b> (0> 1) anterior, ventral to dorsal fin.</p><p><b>3. Number of branched anal-fin rays (288):</b> (0> 1) 25 or more.</p><p><b>4. Gill-derived gland on males (352):</b> (1> 0) absent. Reversion of a synapomorphy of node 213, composed of the Aphyocharacinae, Aphyoditeinae, Cheirodontinae, and Stevardiinae. Convergent in <i>Bryconamericus</i> cf. <i>rubropictus</i>, <i>B. rubropictus</i>, and <i>Nantis indefessus</i>.</p> |
| title | Acrobrycon Eigenmann & Pearson |
| topic | Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Chordata Characiformes Characidae Acrobrycon |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18430425 |