Beyond Two Bodies: Continuous Symmetries Are Measure-Zero
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| Formato: | Recurso digital |
| Lenguaje: | inglés |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866901977285263360 |
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| author | Reidpath, Daniel |
| author_facet | Reidpath, Daniel |
| contents | <p>Conservation laws are typically treated as universal physical principles governing all systems. Drawing on Noether's theorem, these laws follow from symmetries: conservation of momentum from translational symmetry, energy from time-translation symmetry, and so forth. This paper examines whether such laws function as governing constraints in systems with more than two interacting bodies. In <em>N</em>-body systems, symmetric configurations occupy measure zero in configuration space. Generic states are asymmetric, and symmetries, where they exist, are structurally unstable. The paper argues that in such configurations, conservation laws remain formally valid but cease to constrain physical behaviour in any substantive sense. They function as bookkeeping identities rather than governing principles. Conservation laws retain physical force only in exceptional cases: highly symmetric systems or weakly interacting regimes where symmetries approximately hold. For typical asymmetric, strongly interacting systems, relational structure (not conserved quantities) determines dynamics.</p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_18506222 |
| institution | Zenodo |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
| record_format | zenodo |
| spellingShingle | Beyond Two Bodies: Continuous Symmetries Are Measure-Zero Reidpath, Daniel Conservation laws Noether's theorem N-body problem Idealisation Universality <p>Conservation laws are typically treated as universal physical principles governing all systems. Drawing on Noether's theorem, these laws follow from symmetries: conservation of momentum from translational symmetry, energy from time-translation symmetry, and so forth. This paper examines whether such laws function as governing constraints in systems with more than two interacting bodies. In <em>N</em>-body systems, symmetric configurations occupy measure zero in configuration space. Generic states are asymmetric, and symmetries, where they exist, are structurally unstable. The paper argues that in such configurations, conservation laws remain formally valid but cease to constrain physical behaviour in any substantive sense. They function as bookkeeping identities rather than governing principles. Conservation laws retain physical force only in exceptional cases: highly symmetric systems or weakly interacting regimes where symmetries approximately hold. For typical asymmetric, strongly interacting systems, relational structure (not conserved quantities) determines dynamics.</p> |
| title | Beyond Two Bodies: Continuous Symmetries Are Measure-Zero |
| topic | Conservation laws Noether's theorem N-body problem Idealisation Universality |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18506222 |